972 resultados para Home economics as a profession.
Resumo:
Family homelessness is a disturbing social problem in the United States. This study was conducted to determine the scope of components that included services and programs available for homeless women with children in transitional housing programs in Florida and the effectiveness of these components in helping these women move towards independence. Primary data for this study were obtained through questionnaires sent to directors of homeless centers in Florida. Supportive services offered by these centers were evaluated to determine if they enabled homeless women with children to become self-sufficient. The findings of this research indicated that regardless of the size, length of participation, and scope of services provided by the centers, these women showed gains in their ability to move toward self-sufficiency. The results support the hypothesis that transitional housing programs have a positive effect on homeless women with children. ^
Resumo:
Inscription: Verso: boy using sewing machine, home economics class, Thompson Jr. High School, Syosset, New York.
Resumo:
Inscription: Verso: boys making pizza, 7th grade home economics class, Thompson Jr. High School, Syosset, New York.
Resumo:
Det ställs allt högre krav på att kunna hantera den allt mer digitaliserade vardagen. Elevens möjligheter att få utveckla sådana kunskaper, färdigheter och attityder som behövs för att kunna fungera som aktiva medborgare i samhället och i vardagen betonas i både Lagen om grundläggande utbildning och i Grunderna för läroplanen för den grundläggande utbildningen 2014. För att eleven ska kunna uppnå dessa mål ställs krav på att alla elever får utveckla digital kompetens inom den grundläggande utbildningen. Digital kompetens är uppräknad som en av EU-kommissionens åtta nyckelkompetenser för livslångt lärande. Digital kompetens, som i sin tur är uppbyggd av grundläggande IKT-färdigheter finns representerad i Glgu 2014 som en del av den mångsidiga kompetensen. Att eleven ska ges möjlighet att utveckla digital kompetens inom alla läroämnen ställer också krav på att läraren tillämpar IKT i undervisningen. I tidigare forskning har det däremot framkommit att det finns flera faktorer som inverkar på lärarnas IKT-användning. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka de faktorer som inverkar på ämneslärarnas IKT-användning i huslig ekonomi. Ett av husliga ekonomins uppdrag är att stödja elevernas förmåga att hantera vardagen och utveckla grundläggande färdigheter för att genomföra uppgifter i anslutning till hushållet. Med tanke på husliga ekonomins starka relation till samhället och läroämnets uppdrag finns ett starkt behov av att kartlägga faktorer som inverkar på lärarnas IKT-användning. Studien är en kvantitativ undersökning som i huvudsak grundar sig på statistisk hypotesprövning. I studien har totalt sju hypoteser formulerats för att undersöka samband mellan följande faktorers inverkan på ämneslärarnas IKT-användning i huslig ekonomi: digital kompetens, upplevt stöd, tillgång till IKT-infrastruktur och upplevd nytta med IKT. Dessa faktorer har i tidigare studier visat sig inverka på lärarnas användning av IKT. I studien finns också en deskriptiv målsättning att beskriva de faktorer som ingår i hypotesprövningen. Deskriptiv statistik framtas också för en variabel som på grund av bristande teoriunderlag och avsaknad av tidigare forskning inte ingår som en faktor i hypotesprövningen. Denna variabel utgörs av lärarnas upplevda nytta med IKT för elevens utveckling av de färdigheter, kunskaper och attityder i anslutning till de centrala innehållen i huslig ekonomi. Datamaterialet har samlats in via webbenkäter. Målpopulationen består av alla som undervisar huslig ekonomi i årskurserna 7–9 inom den grundläggande utbildningen i Finland. För att göra ett urval av målpopulationen tillämpades en kombination av slumpmässigt och icke-slumpmässiga urval. Själva enkätutskicket genomfördes i ett samarbete mellan Åbo Akademi och Helsingfors universitet. Det insamlade materialet har bearbetats och analyserats med statistikprogrammet SPSS. De uppställda hypoteserna testas med regressionsanalys. Den deskriptiva aspekten i studien syns i den beskrivande statistiken som presenteras med hjälp av frekvenser, procentandelar, lägesmått och centralmått. Resultaten från regressionsanalysen visar på positivt samband mellan lärarnas digitala kompetens och upplevd nytta samt mellan upplevd nytta och lärarnas IKT-användning. Regressionsanalysen visar också på ett signifikant samband mellan lärarnas digitala kompetens, IKT-infrastruktur och IKT-användning. Resultaten i den senare regressionsmodellen kan tolkas som att ju högre lärarna uppskattar sin digitala kompetens och ju bättre tillgång till IKT-infrastruktur desto oftare använder lärarna olika IKT-verktyg i undervisningen i huslig ekonomi. Inga signifikanta samband hittades mellan lärarnas upplevda stöd och IKT-användning. Enligt den deskriptiva statistiken upplever lärarna en stor brist på ämnesfortbildningar inom IKT. Lärarna upplever dessutom att det finns bristande tillgång till digitala verktyg. De övergripande resultaten pekar på att ämneslärarna i huslig ekonomi inte har tillräckligt goda förutsättningar för att tillämpa IKT på ett pedagogiskt ändamålsenligt sätt i undervisningen. Tyngdpunkten borde sättas på att trygga tillgången till IKT-infrastruktur, ge lärarna möjligheten att utveckla den digitala kompetensen och erbjuda ett större utbud av ämnesfortbildning inom IKT. Ett förslag på fortsatt forskning kunde vara att genomföra en större jämförelse mellan hur ämneslärare i olika läroämnen tillämpar IKT i undervisningen. En dylik jämförelse kunde ge en inblick i hur de olika läroämnena skulle kunna jobba för att IKT ska få en naturlig plats i undervisningen. Resultaten kunde eventuellt också gynna en helhetsskapande undervisning. En helhetsskapande undervisning kunde vidare lyfta upp husliga ekonomins roll för elevens utveckling av de färdigheter, kunskaper och attityder som behövs för ett livslångt lärande.
Resumo:
At head of title: 95th Congress, 1st session. Joint committee print.
Resumo:
The approaches and opinions of economists often dominate public policy discussion. Economists have gained this privileged position partly (or perhaps mainly) because of the obvious relevance of their subject matter, but also because of the unified methodology (neo-classical economics) that the vast majority of modern economists bring to their analysis of policy problems and proposed solutions. The idea of Pareto efficiency and its potential trade-off with equity is a central idea that is understood by all economists and this common language provides the economics profession with a powerful voice in public affairs. The purpose of this paper is to review and reflect upon the way in which economists find themselves analysing and providing suggestions for social improvements and how this role has changed over roughly the last 60 years. We focus on the fundamental split in the public economics tradition between those that adhere to public finance and those that adhere to public choice. A pure public finance perspective views failures in society as failures of the market. The solutions are technical, as might be enacted by a benevolent dictator. The pure public choice view accepts (sometimes grudgingly) that markets may fail, but so, it insists, does politics. This signals institutional reforms to constrain the potential for political failure. Certain policy recommendations may be viewed as compatible with both traditions, but other policy proposals will be the opposite of that proposed within the other tradition. In recent years a political economics synthesis emerged. This accepts that institutions are very important and governments require constraints, but that some degree of benevolence on the part of policy makers should not be assumed non-existent. The implications for public policy from this approach are, however, much less clear and perhaps more piecemeal. We also discuss analyses of systematic failure, not so much on the part of markets or politicians, but by voters. Most clearly this could lead to populism and relaxing the idea that voters necessarily choose their interests. The implications for public policy are addressed. Throughout the paper we will relate the discussion to the experience of UK government policy-making.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: Elderly people often have multiple chronic diseases, are frequently treated by several physicians, and also use over-the-counter medications. Excessive prescribing, imperfect therapeutic adherence, treatment modifications after hospitalization, and oversized drug packages result in home storage of leftover drugs, resulting in a waste of healthcare resources. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients aged >/=75 years hospitalized for >24 hours during a 6-month period in an urban teaching hospital in Switzerland were eligible for inclusion in a study collecting sociodemographics, medical, functional, and psychosocial characteristics. Six months later, a research nurse visited the patients at home and recorded the names, number of tablets, and expiration dates of all open or intact drug packages, and the doses actually taken. Acquisition costs of these drugs were computed. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-five patients were included (127 women; mean age 82.2 +/- 4.8 y, range 75-96). They had a total of 2059 drugs (mean per patient 10.3 +/- 6.7, range per patient 1-42), corresponding to a total cost of (US) $62 826 (mean per patient 322 +/- 275, range per patient 10-1571). Self-reported drug intake was regular for 36% of the drugs (46.5% of total costs) and occasional for 11% (6.1%), whereas 35.7% (30.1%) had been stopped during the last month. Cardiovascular drugs amounted to 36.6% of the drugs and 55.5% of the costs. None of the patients' characteristics was significantly associated with a greater number of drugs and higher costs. CONCLUSIONS: Drugs stored at home by elderly patients were worth about $320 per patient. Only about one-third of these drugs were regularly taken. In the context of resources shortage, innovative solutions should be found to reduce the waste linked with drugs stopped in previous months.
Resumo:
Youth is one of the phases in the life-cycle when some of the most decisivelife transitions take place. Entering the labour market or leaving parentalhome are events with important consequences for the economic well-beingof young adults. In this paper, the interrelationship between employment,residential emancipation and poverty dynamics is studied for eight Europeancountries by means of an econometric model with feedback effects. Resultsshow that youth poverty genuine state dependence is positive and highly significant.Evidence proves there is a strong causal effect between poverty andleaving home in Scandinavian countries, however, time in economic hardshipdoes not last long. In Southern Europe, instead, youth tend to leave theirparental home much later in order to avoid falling into a poverty state that ismore persistent. Past poverty has negative consequences on the likelihood ofemployment.
Resumo:
The causality between international trade and industrialization is still ambiguous. We consider a model of international trade with the Home Market Effect - with differences in income and productivity between sectors and between countries - in order to identify additional channels for determining the effects of international trade on industrialization. Introducing non-homothetic preferences and differences in productivity aids in the interpretation of any apparent paradoxes within international trade, such as the commercial relations between more populated countries like China and India and large economies such as the U.S. Population size, demand composition and productivity levels constitute the three main channels for determining the effects of international trade. Interactions among these channels define the results obtained in terms of industrialization, while welfare levels are always higher in relation to autarky.
Resumo:
A multiprofessional research project examined in detail the factors that affect the adaptability of existing housing and explored issues relating to the introduction of assistive technology into the existing homes of older people in order to provide them with the opportunity to 'stay put'. The research reported here investigated the feasibility of adapting the existing stock of social housing and the resulting costs and outcomes of introducing assistive technology. This paper outlines that part of the project that examined in detail the adaptability of 82 properties representing a variety of property types to accommodate the needs of seven notional users, characterising the most common range of impairments of older people. The factors that affect a property's adaptability include property type and specific design and construction features. The implications for housing providers, clients and occupational therapists are discussed. The research identified the unique expertise of occupational therapists, spanning the areas of housing, older people and assistive technology, and it introduced methods and tools that can help to determine best housing outcomes as well as cost implications. It is crucial that the profession is proactive in contributing to the development of housing policies that address the needs of an ageing population effectively.