The implications of being an international medical graduate (IMG) in Canadian society : a qualitative study of foreign-trained physicians' resettlement, sense of identity and health status

This qualitative research study used grounded theory methodology to explore the settlement experiences and changes in professional identity, self esteem and health status of foreign-trained physicians (FTPs) who resettled in Canada and were not able to practice their profession. Seventeen foreign-trained physicians completed a pre-survey and rated their health status, quality of life, self esteem and stress before and after coming to Canada. They also rated changes in their experiences of violence and trauma, inclusion and belonging, and racism and discrimination. Eight FTPs from the survey sample were interviewed in semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore their experiences with the loss of their professional medical identities and attempts to regain them during resettlement. This study found that without their medical license and identity, this group of FTPs could not fully restore their professional, social, and economic status and this affected their self esteem and health status. The core theme of the loss of professional identity and attempts to regain it while being underemployed were connected with the multifaceted challenges of resettlement which created experiences of lowered selfesteem, and increased stress, anxiety and depression. They identified the re-licensing process (cost, time, energy, few residency positions, and low success rate) as the major barrier to a full and successful settlement and re-establishment of their identities. Grounded research was used to develop General Resettlement Process Model and a Physician Re-licensing Model outlining the tasks and steps for the successfiil general resettlement of all newcomers to Canada with additional process steps to be accomplished by foreign-trained physicians. Maslow's Theory of Needs was expanded to include the re-establishment of professional identity for this group to re-establish levels of safety, security, belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization. Foreign-trained physicians had established prior professional medical identities, self-esteem, recognition, social status, purpose and meaning and bring needed human capital and skills to Canada. However, without identifying and addressing the barriers to their full inclusion in Canadian society, the health of this population may deteriorate and the health system of the host country may miss out on their needed contributions.

Exploring Chinese-Canadians' perspectives on health : a quantitative study

Chinese have unique perspectives on health and illness, which is mostly umecognized by western medicine. Immigration may contribute to problems with health consultations, inconvenience, and dissatisfaction. As the largest visible minority in Canada, Chinese- Canadians' perspectives on health should be studied in order to help Chinese immigrants adapt to a new health-care and health-promotion system, and keep them healthy. A quantitative questionnaire was designed based on the findings from a pilot study and previous literature. A hundred participants were recruited from Toronto, Vancouver, Halifax, and St. Catharines. Descriptive analysis and correlation analysis were used to investigate the structure of the variables. Findings indicated that most oftheir attitudes and corresponding practices to the different health aspects were positive. The relation between dietary practices and attitude was only found in small cities. Their attitudes were impacted by their length of stay in Canada. Their attitudes to regularly timed meals and psychological consultation were related to their acculturation level, as was the regularity of their practice of dental flossing. Their self-evaluated general health levels were also found to be affected by their medical history, education level, feeling to talk about • sexual health, and smoking, particularly in the male subjects of the study. In conclusion, they realized that each health aspect w~s important to their health. However, their practices did not bear a strong relation to their beliefs. Traditional thoughts about health reseeded with time. Acculturation level did not affect most of their attitudes or practices. Under pressure, the priority of the daily health practices decreased. Older persons, those with low incomes, lower education levels or families under stress need to pay more attention to their health level. In-depth future research was recommended.

The effects of a general excercise program on task self-efficacy and social physique anxiety in older adults

Older adults represent the most sedentary segment of the adult population, and thus it is critical to investigate factors that influence exercise behaviour for this age group. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a general exercise program, incorporating cardiovascular, strength, flexibility, and balance components, on task selfefficacy and SPA in older adult men and women. Participants (n=114, Mage = 67 years) were recruited from the Niagara region and randomly assigned to a 12-week supervised exercise program or a wait-list control. Task self-efficacy and SPA measures were taken at baseline and program end. The present study found that task self-efficacy was a significant predictor of leisure time physical activity for older adults. In addition, change in task self-efficacy was a significant predictor of change in SPA. The findings of this study suggest that sources of task self-efficacy should be considered for exercise interventions targeting older adults.

Development of a Chinese version WHO Self-Assessment Tool for Evaluating Health Promotion in Hospital

[Support Institutions:] Department of Administration of Health, University of Montreal, Canada Public Health School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Analyse de la fertilité des vaches laitières Holstein «Repeat Breeder»

L’importance de la problématique des vaches laitières non gestantes avec multiples inséminations (› 3) communément appelées « Repeat Breeder » (RB), au Québec, repose sur deux facteurs: son incidence et son impact économique. Actuellement, l’incidence du syndrome RB au Québec est de ± 25% (Rapport annuel, juin 2008, www.dsahr.ca). Les pertes monétaires associées à ce problème proviennent des frais vétérinaires et d’insémination, de la diminution de productivité ainsi que des pertes en lien avec la réforme involontaire. Afin d’avoir de meilleures connaissances sur ce syndrome, nous devons connaître les facteurs de risques généraux impliqués et ensuite explorer la condition individuelle de ces vaches problèmes. Dans la première partie de ce mémoire, une banque de données informatisées répertoriant 418 383 lactations fut analysée. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche était d’évaluer l’impact des problèmes reproducteurs post-partum et l’effet du nombre de lactations comme facteurs de risques de la vache Repeat Breeder. L’analyse a permis d’établir la dystocie comme étant la condition ayant le plus de conséquences sur la fertilité future. D’autres facteurs de risques à savoir le nombre de lactations influencent le pronostic reproducteur. La deuxième partie de ce mémoire consistait à explorer, à l’aide d’outils cliniques, la condition individuelle des vaches RB. Une étude cohorte fut menée sur des vaches Holstein en fin de période d’attente volontaire au jour 7 du cycle oestral. Les tests cliniques étudiés furent la vaginoscopie, l’examen transrectal, l’ultrasonographie du système reproducteur, la présence d’estérases leucocytaires, la bactériologie et la biochimie du liquide utérin, la cytologie endométriale et le profil de progestérone sérique. Les résultats de ces tests cliniques dévoilent que l’examen bactériologique du liquide utérin est révélateur du statut reproducteur futur.

Les effets du dalcetrapib, un inhibiteur de la protéine de transfert des esters de cholestérol (CETP), sur la structure et la fonction des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) dans l’étude dal-PLAQUE2

Introduction : Le dalcetrapib, inhibiteur de la glycoprotéine hydrophobe de transfert des esters de cholestérol (CETP), a été étudié dans le cadre de l’essai clinique de phase II dal-PLAQUE2 (DP2). L’objectif principal est d’étudier l’effet du dalcetrapib après 1 an de traitement sur la structure et la fonction des HDL dans une sous-population de la cohorte DP2. Méthode : Les sujets de la cohorte DP2 ayant une série de mesures de cIMT et des échantillons de plasma et sérum au baseline et à 1 an de traitement furent sélectionnés (379 sujets: 193 du groupe placebo (PCB) et 186 du groupe dalcetrapib (DAL)). Des données biochimiques prédéterminées, le profil des concentrations et tailles des sous-classes de HDL et LDL en résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) et 2 mesures de capacité d’efflux de cholestérol (CEC) du sérum ont été explorées. Les données statistiques furent obtenues en comparant les changements à un an à partir du « baseline » avec un ANOVA ou ANCOVA. La procédure normalisée de fonctionnement d’essai d’efflux de cholestérol permet de calculer l’efflux fractionnel (en %) de 3H-cholestérol des lignées cellulaires BHK-ABCA1 (fibroblastes) et J774 (macrophages, voie ABCA1) et HepG2 (hépatocytes, voie SR-BI), vers les échantillons sériques de la cohorte DP2. Résultats : Pour la biochimie plasmatique, un effet combiné des changements d’activité de CETP dans les 2 groupes a causé une réduction de 30% dans le groupe DAL. Après 1 an de traitement dans le groupe DAL, la valeur de HDL-C a augmenté de 35,5% (p < 0,001) et l’apoA-I a augmenté de 14,0% (p < 0,001). Au profil RMN, dans le groupe DAL après 1 an de traitement, il y a augmentation de la taille des HDL-P (5,2%; p < 0,001), des grosses particules HDL (68,7%; p < 0,001) et des grosses particules LDL (37,5%; p < 0,01). Les petites particules HDL sont diminuées (-9,1%; p < 0,001). Il n’y a aucune différence significative de mesure de cIMT entre les deux groupes après 1 an de traitement. Pour la CEC, il y a augmentation significative par la voie du SR-BI et une augmentation via la voie ABCA1 dans le groupe DAL après 1 an de traitement. Conclusion : Après un an de traitement au dalcetrapib, on note une hausse de HDL-C, des résultats plutôt neutres au niveau du profil lipidique par RMN et une CEC augmentée mais trop faible pour affecter la valeur de cIMT chez les échantillons testés.