AWI Bathymetric Chart of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (BCWS)

From data collected by RV Polarstern, and additional echosoundings provided by national hydrographic offices, research institutions and the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Digital Bathymetric Data Center, the 1:1,000,000 Bathymetric Chart of the Weddell Sea (AWl BCWS) series has been developed. The heterogeneity of bathymetric data and the lack of observations within ice-covered areas required the incorporation of supplementary geophysical and geographical information. A semi-automatic procedure was developed for terrain modeling and contouring. In coastal regions, adjacent sub-glacial information was included in order to model the bathymetry of the transition zone along the Antarctic ice edge. Six sheets of the AWl BCWS series in the scale of 1:1,000,000 covering the southern Weddell Sea from 66°S to 78°S and from 68°W to 0°E were recently completed and included in the 1997 GEneral Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) Digital Atlas CD-ROM (http://www.gebco.net). On the basis of these six 1:1,000,000 AWl BCWS sheets, a generalized 1:3,000,000-scale bathymetric chart was compiled for the entire southern Weddell Sea.

AWI Bathymetric Chart of the Gakkel Ridge (AWI BCGR) (Scale 1:150,000)

The 1 : 1,500,000 AWI Bathymetric Chart of the Gakkel Ridge (AWI BCGR) has been developed from multibeam data measured during the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition in 2001 (AMORE 2001, ARK-XVII/2). This expedition was conducted to investigate the Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean and was carried out by the icebreaking research vessels RV Polarstern and USCGC Healy. Polarstern is equipped with the multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2, whereas Healy carries Seabeam 2112. During the expedition an area of 8890 km length and 18 - 46 km width, situated between 82°N/8°W and 87°N/75°E, was surveyed simultaneously by both vessels. Water depths ranged from 566 to 5673 meters. Dense sea ice cover derogated the sonar measurements and decreased data quality. Data errors were corrected in an extensive post-processing. The data of two different sonar systems had to be consolidated in order to derive a high resolution bathymetry of the Gakkel Ridge. Final result was a digital terrain model (DTM) with a grid spacing of 100 meters, which was utilized for generating the map series AWI Bathymetric Chart of the Gakkel Ridge, consisting of ten map sheets.

The framework for REVIEWS: an exploration into design principles for an electronic medical early warning system observation chart

The observation chart is for many health professionals (HPs) the primary source of objective information relating to the health of a patient. Information Systems (IS) research has demonstrated the positive impact of good interface design on decision making and it is logical that good observation chart design can positively impact healthcare decision making. Despite the potential for good observation chart design, there is a paucity of observation chart design literature, with the primary source of literature leveraging Human Computer Interaction (HCI) literature to design better charts. While this approach has been successful, this design approach introduces a gap between understanding of the tasks performed by HPs when using charts and the design features implemented in the chart. Good IS allow for the collection and manipulation of data so that it can be presented in a timely manner that support specific tasks. Good interface design should therefore consider the specific tasks being performed prior to designing the interface. This research adopts a Design Science Research (DSR) approach to formalise a framework of design principles that incorporates knowledge of the tasks performed by HPs when using observation charts and knowledge pertaining to visual representations of data and semiology of graphics. This research is presented in three phases, the initial two phases seek to discover and formalise design knowledge embedded in two situated observation charts: the paper-based NEWS chart developed by the Health Service Executive in Ireland and the electronically generated eNEWS chart developed by the Health Information Systems Research Centre in University College Cork. A comparative evaluation of each chart is also presented in the respective phases. Throughout each of these phases, tentative versions of a design framework for electronic vital sign observation charts are presented, with each subsequent iteration of the framework (versions Alpha, Beta, V0.1 and V1.0) representing a refinement of the design knowledge. The design framework will be named the framework for the Retrospective Evaluation of Vital Sign Information from Early Warning Systems (REVIEWS). Phase 3 of the research presents the deductive process for designing and implementing V0.1 of the framework, with evaluation of the instantiation allowing for the final iteration V1.0 of the framework. This study makes a number of contributions to academic research. First the research demonstrates that the cognitive tasks performed by nurses during clinical reasoning can be supported through good observation chart design. Secondly the research establishes the utility of electronic vital sign observation charts in terms of supporting the cognitive tasks performed by nurses during clinical reasoning. Third the framework for REVIEWS represents a comprehensive set of design principles which if applied to chart design will improve the usefulness of the chart in terms of supporting clinical reasoning. Fourth the electronic observation chart that emerges from this research is demonstrated to be significantly more useful than previously designed charts and represents a significant contribution to practice. Finally the research presents a research design that employs a combination of inductive and deductive design activities to iterate on the design of situated artefacts.

Again on the enforceable chart of don Francisco Pizarro: the arrival of American gold stocks to Spain (1536-1553)

Besides researching the last goal of the execution of a trial between Francisco Pizarro, governor of Peru, and his mandatory, Pedro de Barrantes on behalf of the gold sent to Spain, the present work reviews all the data found in the Archives of the Grenade Chancellery on the arrival of gold to Spain. Also, a curious trial on a subject of Preste Juan is included.

South Carolina aeronautical chart

This document is a fold-out aeronautical chart with diagrams of South Carolina airports.

Helicopter route chart, New York.

Aeronautical chart showing designated helicopter routes and control areas.

ARL1 of the Attribute c Control Chart with Estimated Parameter

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