Erosão hídrica em semeadura direta de milho e soja nas direções da pendente e em contorno ao declive, comparada ao solo sem cultivo e descoberto

Dados de perdas de água e solo obtidos em estudos de erosão hídrica são necessários nos planos de conservação do solo. Mesmo com o advento do sistema de semeadura direta, difundido no Brasil a partir dos anos de 1970, ainda se fazem necessárias práticas conservacionistas para o efetivo controle da erosão hídrica, como o uso do cultivo em contorno e o terraceamento, especialmente em regiões com altos volumes de chuva. Outra opção para o controle da erosão é o uso de culturas protecionistas do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em quantificar as perdas de água e solo por erosão hídrica, em um solo cultivado com soja e milho sob semeadura direta, nas direções da pendente e em contorno ao declive. O experimento foi realizado em um Cambissolo Húmico alumínico léptico, no período de 2010-2011, sob a aplicação de quatro testes de chuva simulada. Estudaram-se cinco tratamentos, com duas repetições, sendo eles: semeadura de soja no sentido do declive (SD); semeadura de soja no sentido da curva de nível (SC); semeadura de milho no sentido do declive (MD); semeadura de milho no sentido da curva de nível (MC); e testemunha - solo sem cultivo e descoberto (T). Os cultivos foram implantados sobre resíduo cultural de trigo, no sistema de semeadura direta. A semeadura da soja em contorno foi mais eficaz no controle das perdas de solo do que a semeadura dessa no sentido do declive. A cultura do milho foi mais eficaz no controle das perdas de solo do que a soja, independentemente da forma de semeadura, e ambas foram mais eficazes do que a testemunha. As perdas de água foram influenciadas apenas pela forma de semeadura e relacionaram-se negativamente com a umidade do solo antes do início das chuvas e com o tempo de início da enxurrada.

Spin-Peierls vs Peierls distortions in a family of conjugated polymers

Distortions in a family of conjugated polymers are studied using two complementary approaches: within a many-body valence bond approach using a transfer-matrix technique to treat the Heisenberg model of the systems, and also in terms of the tight-binding band-theoretic model with interactions limited to nearest neighbors. The computations indicate that both methods predict the presence or absence of the same distortions in most of the polymers studied.

Influência das condições de superfície e do cultivo do solo na erosão hídrica em um cambissolo húmico

A cobertura do solo por resíduos culturais dissipa a energia cinética das gotas de chuva, enquanto a rugosidade superficial dissipa a energia cinética da enxurrada; por isso, ambas armazenam água e retêm sedimentos na superfície, diminuindo a erosão hídrica. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a persistência e a influência dos resíduos culturais e da rugosidade superficial em solo cultivado nas perdas de solo e água, comparando ao solo sem cultivo e descoberto, nos seguintes tratamentos: solo cultivado - coberto por resíduos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum), com rugosidade mínima (SRA); coberto por resíduos de ervilhaca (Vicia sativa), com rugosidade mínima (SRE); escarificado após o cultivo de azevém sem os resíduos culturais da parte aérea e mantendo-se apenas as raízes da cultura, com rugosidade alta (SEA); escarificado após o cultivo de ervilhaca sem os resíduos culturais da parte aérea e mantendo-se apenas as raízes da cultura, com rugosidade alta (SEE); e solo sem cultivo: sem cobertura, escarificado, com rugosidade alta (SDE). O experimento foi desenvolvido entre maio de 2011 e dezembro de 2012, em parcelas com 11 m de comprimento no sentido do declive por 3,5 m de largura. Sobre os tratamentos, aplicaram-se oito testes de chuva simulada, em oito datas distintas, com chuvas de 90 min de duração e 65 mm h-1 de intensidade constante, utilizando- se um simulador de chuva com braços rotativos do tipo empuxo. A massa de resíduos e a rugosidade diminuíram ao longo do tempo, principalmente nos tratamentos com ervilhaca, com maior decréscimo na primeira chuva para a rugosidade e na segunda, para o resíduo. O cultivo diminuiu as perdas de solo em relação ao solo sem cultivo, independentemente das condições de superfície. Os resíduos de azevém e ervilhaca reduziram as perdas de solo em relação aos tratamentos escarificados; já o resíduo de azevém reduz as perdas em relação ao de ervilhaca, independentemente do manejo do solo. As perdas de solo aumentam com o tempo sob cultivo do solo, principalmente com escarificação. As perdas de água apresentam a mesma tendência das perdas de solo, porém com menores diferenças entre tratamentos.

Towards and ab initio description of magnetism in ionic solids

The physical contributions to the KNiF3 magnetic exchange coupling integral have been obtained from specially designed ab initio cluster model calculations. Three important mechanisms have been identified. These are the delocalization of the magnetic orbitals into the anion p band, the variational contribution of the second-order interactions, and the many-body terms hidden in the two-body operator and the Heisenberg Hamiltonian.

Loss of serum response factor in keratinocytes results in hyperproliferative skin disease in mice.

The transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) plays a crucial role in the development of several organs. However, its role in the skin has not been explored. Here, we show that keratinocytes in normal human and mouse skin expressed high levels of SRF but that SRF expression was strongly downregulated in the hyperproliferative epidermis of wounded and psoriatic skin. Keratinocyte-specific deletion within the mouse SRF locus during embryonic development caused edema and skin blistering, and all animals died in utero. Postnatal loss of mouse SRF in keratinocytes resulted in the development of psoriasis-like skin lesions. These lesions were characterized by inflammation, hyperproliferation, and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes as well as by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Ultrastructural analysis revealed markedly reduced cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts and loss of cell compaction in all epidermal layers. siRNA-mediated knockdown of SRF in primary human keratinocytes revealed that the cytoskeletal abnormalities and adhesion defects were a direct consequence of the loss of SRF. In contrast, the hyperproliferation observed in vivo was an indirect effect that was most likely a consequence of the inflammation. These results reveal that loss of SRF disrupts epidermal homeostasis and strongly suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of hyperproliferative skin diseases, including psoriasis.

Resonating-valence-bond theory for the square-planar lattice

The short-range resonating-valence-bond (RVB) wave function with nearest-neighbor (NN) spin pairings only is investigated as a possible description for the Heisenberg model on a square-planar lattice. A type of long-range order associated to this RVB Ansatz is identified along with some qualitative consequences involving lattice distortions, excitations, and their coupling.

Valence-bond treatment of distortions in polyacene polymers

Distortions of polyacene polymers are studied within a many-body valence-bond framework using a powerful transfer-matrix technique for the valence-bond (or Heisenberg) model of the system. The computations suggest that the ground-state geometry is either totally symmetric or possibly exhibits a slight (A2 or B2 symmetry) bond-alternation distortion. The lowest-energy (nonsymmetric, in-plane) distortions are the A2 and B2 modes, which, within our approximations, are degenerate.

Naître et grandir au sein de la triade : le développement de l'alliance familiale

INTRODUCTION : L'alliance familiale : une jonction entre les approches développementale, familiale et systémique / Nicolas Pavez, France Frascarolo-Moutinot et Hervé Tissot - LA TRIADE PARENTS-BEBE : THEORIE ET EVALUATION DES INTERACTIONS : Le modèle de l'alliance familiale et le Jeu Trilogique de Lausanne (LTP) / Nicolas Favez - Observation des interactions triadiques en périnatalité : le Jeu du Change / Jérôme Rime et Werner Stadlmayr - Observation des interactions dans les familles avec plusieurs enfants : le Jeu du Pique-Nique / France Frascarolo-Moutinot et Nicolas Favez - L'observation du coparentage dans les familles biparentales : influence du contexte et de l'âge de l'enfant / Regina Kuersten-Hogan et James P. McHale - LE DEVELOPPEMENT NORMATIF DE LA GROSSESSE A L'ECOLE : La capacité triangulaire du bébé : une illustration à l'aide de deux cas contrastés / Elisabeth Fivaz-Depeursinge et Nicolas Favez - L'alliance coparentale prénatale comme prédicteur des perceptions du coparentage au post-partum / Sarah J. Schappe-Sullivan, Claire M. Kamp Dush et Daniel J. Bower - L'évolution de l'alliance familiale et son impact sur l'enfant à l'âge de 5 ans : une étude longitudinale en Suisse / Nicolas Favez, France Frascarolo-Moutinot et Chloé Lavanchy Scaiola - L'évolution de l'alliance familiale et son impact sur l'enfant à l'âge de 4 ans : une étude longitudinale en Italie / Alessandra Simonelli, Mara Bighin et Francesca De Palo - LA THÉRAPIE AVEC LES TRIADES : Alliance familiale dans les troubles fonctionnels et du comportement du nourrisson : évaluation avant et après une intervention thérapeutique. Une étude exploratoire / Marie-Joëlle Hervé... et al. - Le Jeu Trilogique de Lausanne (LTP) en clinique : application dans le contexte d'interventions de soutien à la relation parents-enfants / Silvia Mazzoni et Anna Lubrano Lavadera - Les comportements relationnels de l'enfant comme porte d'entrée pour intervenir sur le système familial / Chloé Lavanchy Scaiola et Kaija Puura - Le Reflective Family Play : un traitement de la famille entière centré sur l'attachement et le système familial / Diane Philipp et Christie Hayos - APPLICATIONS SPECIFIQUES : Le coparentage comme construit universel caractérisant diverses formes familiales : avancées et perspectives / James McHale et Rahael Kurrien - Les alliances coparentales dans les familles lesboparentales / Salvatore D'Amore, Alessandra Simonelli et Marina Miscioscia - Alliance familiale entre père, mère et leur bébé conçu par fécondation in vitro / Joëlle Darwiche... et al. - CONCLUSION : Le bébé dans la triade précoce / Nicolas Pavez, France Frascarolo-Moutinot et Hervé Tissot

Towards and ab initio description of magnetism in ionic solids

The physical contributions to the KNiF3 magnetic exchange coupling integral have been obtained from specially designed ab initio cluster model calculations. Three important mechanisms have been identified. These are the delocalization of the magnetic orbitals into the anion p band, the variational contribution of the second-order interactions, and the many-body terms hidden in the two-body operator and the Heisenberg Hamiltonian.

Local character of magnetic coupling in ionic solids

Magnetic interactions in ionic solids are studied using parameter-free methods designed to provide accurate energy differences associated with quantum states defining the Heisenberg constant J. For a series of ionic solids including KNiF3, K2NiF4, KCuF3, K2CuF4, and high- Tc parent compound La2CuO4, the J experimental value is quantitatively reproduced. This result has fundamental implications because J values have been calculated from a finite cluster model whereas experiments refer to infinite solids. The present study permits us to firmly establish that in these wide-gap insulators, J is determined from strongly local electronic interactions involving two magnetic centers only thus providing an ab initio support to commonly used model Hamiltonians.

Ab Initio study of magnetic interactions in the KCuF3 and K2CuF4 low-dimensional Systems

The ab initio cluster model approach has been used to study the electronic structure and magnetic coupling of KCuF3 and K2CuF4 in their various ordered polytype crystal forms. Due to a cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion these systems exhibit strong anisotropies. In particular, the magnetic properties strongly differ from those of isomorphic compounds. Hence, KCuF3 is a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) nearest neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnet whereas K2CuF4 is the only ferromagnet among the K2MF4 series of compounds (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) behaving all as quasi-2D nearest neighbor Heisenberg systems. Different ab initio techniques are used to explore the magnetic coupling in these systems. All methods, including unrestricted Hartree-Fock, are able to explain the magnetic ordering. However, quantitative agreement with experiment is reached only when using a state-of-the-art configuration interaction approach. Finally, an analysis of the dependence of the magnetic coupling constant with respect to distortion parameters is presented.

The role of dynamical polarization of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitations in the ab initio determination of effective exchange parameters

The role of the bridging ligand on the effective Heisenberg coupling parameters is analyzed in detail. This analysis strongly suggests that the ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitations are responsible for a large part of the final value of the magnetic coupling constant. This permits us to suggest a variant of the difference dedicated configuration interaction (DDCI) method, presently one of the most accurate and reliable for the evaluation of magnetic effective interactions. This method treats the bridging ligand orbitals mediating the interaction at the same level than the magnetic orbitals and preserves the high quality of the DDCI results while being much less computationally demanding. The numerical accuracy of the new approach is illustrated on various systems with one or two magnetic electrons per magnetic center. The fact that accurate results can be obtained using a rather reduced configuration interaction space opens the possibility to study more complex systems with many magnetic centers and/or many electrons per center.

Superantigens and retroviral infection: insights from mouse mammary tumor virus.

Superantigens induce a vigorous immune response by stimulating T cells that express particular T-cell receptor V beta chains. Mouse mammary tumor virus is a milk-transmitted retrovirus that encodes such a superantigen. Paradoxically, as discussed by Werner Held and colleagues, the strong superantigen-induced immune response permits the survival of the virus via T-cell dependent clonal expansion of infected B cells.