996 resultados para Glycines max (L.) Merrill
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Soil management and crop rotations can affect P and K budget in soil, decreasing losses, and increasing fertilizer use efficiency. The P and K budget in the soil-plant system at depths up to 60. cm was studied for different soil managements and crop rotations under no-till for three years in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The investigated crop rotations were: triticale (X Triticosecale) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cropped in autumn-winter; pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) were grown in the spring, as well as an additional treatment with chiseling followed by a fallow period; and soybean (Glycini max, L., Merril) was cropped in the summer. Each year triticale and sunflower were grown in plots and pearl millet, forage sorghum, Sunn hemp and of chisel/fallow in sub-plots. The triticale/millet rotation led to the largest decrease in available P within the 0-0.60. m layer of the soil profile and the largest K increase within the 0-0.05. m layer. Potassium mobility in the soil profile and the increases in the available K content in the 0.40-0.60. m layer were independent of the management system. Crop rotations with or without chiseling are not effective in preventing soil P losses. There is considerable K leaching below 0.60. m, but chiseling and the use of high K accumulating plants as triticale results in lower K losses. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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Growing cover crops in systems under no tillage affects different pools of soil organic matter, and eventually soil physical attributes are modified. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil organic matter and their relationship with soil physical attributes as affected by plant species grown in rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under no-till for 3 yr. Crop rotations included grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], ruzigrass [Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ, and CM. Evard) Crins] and sorghum mixed with ruzigrass, all grown in fall/winter, followed by pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke], sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and sorghum-sudangrass [S. bicolor × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf] grown during the spring, plus a fallow check plot. Soybean was grown as the summer crop. Millet and sorghum-sudangrass cropped in spring showed higher root and shoot production as spring cropping. In fall/winter, sorghum mixed with ruzigrass yielded higher phytomass compared with sole cropping. Soil physical attributes and organic matter fractioning were positively affected by cropping millet and sorghum-sudangrass whereas intermediate effects were observed after sunn hemp. Maintaining fallow in spring had negative effects on soil organic matter and physical properties. Ruzigrass and sorghum mixed with ruzigrass cropped in fall/winter resulted in better soil quality. Spring cover crops were more efficient in changing soil bulk density, porosity, and aggregates down to 0 to 10 cm; on the other hand, fall/winter cropping showed significant effects on bulk density in the uppermost soil layer. Total C levels in soil were increased after a 3-yr rotation period due to poor initial physical conditions. Fractions of particulate organic C, microbial C, and C in macroaggregates were the most affected by crop rotations, and showed high relation with improved soil physical attributes (porosity, density, and aggregates larger than 2 mm). © Soil Science Society of America, All rights reserved.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia AgrÃcola) - FCAV
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Salinity, ever present in agricultural soils, affects plant productivity. However, there are species more tolerant than others, and the study of response mechanisms to salinity is necessary in order to elucidate which responses are correlated with tolerance to salinity. Thus, we aimed at physiologically characterizing two Glycine max L. genotypes concerning saline stress, and identify which variables are more correlated with tolerance to salinity. For this, plants of cultivars AS 3730 and M 8372 were submitted to three saline concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mM), having sampled 0, 8 and 16 days. We conducted analysis for growth, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolism, photosynthesis beyond the content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, proteins and proline. A results, cultivar M 8372 presented better growth, higher antioxidant enzyme activity and higher content of antioxidants such as ascorbate and carotenoids, when compared to cultivar AS 3730. In addition, cultivar M 8372 also presented lower levels of lipid peroxidation. However, cultivar AS 3730 obtained higher contents of proline, an osmoprotector and lower growth compromise when compared to its control. In conclusion, there is a differential response of the cultivars to salinity.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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O avanço da fronteira agrÃcola na Amazônia, da forma como vem sendo realizado, tem deixado a comunidade cada vez mais preocupada ante os possÃveis impactos ambientais decorrentes desta mudança no uso da terra, devido à grande importância que a Amazônia representa para o clima global. Neste trabalho avaliaram-se os componentes do balanço de radiação à superfÃcie, ao longo do ciclo da soja (Glycine Max (L.) Merryl), em uma área de avanço da fronteira agrÃcola na Amazônia. Os componentes do balanço de radiação foram monitorados continuamente durante o ciclo da soja, em 2006 e 2007, em uma área de 200 ha de extensão. O monocultivo da soja na Amazônia apresentou uma contÃnua mudança nos componentes do balanço de radiação, tendo como consequência uma redução na energia disponÃvel para o ambiente devido o aumento na reflexão da superfÃcie. Observou-se uma importante contribuição da radiação solar difusa na interceptação da soja durante dias nublados, mesmo sob condições de dossel incompleto. Por outro lado, após o fechamento do dossel, a interação da soja com a radiação acontece de forma semelhante, independente da condição de nebulosidade.
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O avanço da fronteira agrÃcola na Amazônia pode acarretar graves impactos ambientais, constituindo a mudança no albedo da superfÃcie um dos principais forçantes. Avaliou-se, neste trabalho, o albedo da soja (Glycine Max (L.) Merryl), plantada em condições naturais de campo, na cidade de Paragominas, PA, região com grande avanço da fronteira agrÃcola na Amazônia, e se observou relação direta entre o albedo da soja e o seu Ãndice de área foliar, valor máximo diário variando entre 0,24 e 0,25 associado a um IAF de 7,17 correspondente a 1297,62 graus-dia acumulados. Em termos médios, encontrou-se que a o estádio fenológico mais critico da cultura, tendo como base a mudança no albedo, é o estádio fenológico de frutificação na qual a mesma apresenta um albedo médio máximo de 23,3% (± 0,0007). Modelos empÃricos foram ajustados para simular a variação diária do albedo em função do IAF e umidade do solo, ao longo do ciclo, e a variação diurna do albedo na elevação solar, para cada estádio fenológico da soja.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico (CNPq)