Educando de otras maneras. Hijos de la tierra : rompe tu silencio

El trabajo obtuvo un premio de la Modalidad B de los Premios Tom??s Garc??a Verdejo a las buenas pr??cticas educativas en la Comunidad Aut??noma de Extremadura para el curso 2011/2012

Naturaleza, paisaje y sociedad en la experiencia viajera. Misioneros y naturalistas en América Andina durante el siglo XVIII

El presente trabajo se acerca a los relatos de viaje de un misionero y un naturalista que recorrieron la América Andina septentrional durante el siglo XVIII: fray Juan de Santa Gertrudis y don Miguel de Santisteban. Para ello, se propone explorar varias de las realidades culturales de los viajes, es decir las prácticas corporales, las ideas, la matrices cognitivas, las formas de escritura y las relaciones con el entorno y con el medio social. El objetivo general es comparar y hacer específicas dichas realidades en relación con la percepción de la naturaleza, la construcción del paisaje y las valoraciones de la sociedad, campos considerados como experiencias mutuamente influyentes. Los relatos de fray Joseph Palacios de la Vega y de Francisco José de Caldas son usados como fuentes complementarias para esta exploración. De esta forma, se logra rescatar la importancia de las herencias de la Antigüedad Clásica, del Judeocristianismo, del saber medieval escolástico y de la semejanza, de la perspectiva moderna de la Ilustración y del proyecto de la Historia Natural, como matrices culturales constitutivas de la experiencia viajera, no sólo en el momento de la escritura, sino en la motivación de los viajes, en el diseño de sus recorridos, en la relación de los viajeros con el entorno geoecológico y cultural, en los usos corporales y sensitivos que esto implica, y en la configuración de los textos que hoy se conocen como parte de la literatura de viajes.

Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia. 10 (SOLO LIBROS/Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los libros: RAÚL VALLEJO, CRÓNICA MESTIZA DEL NUEVO PACHAKUTIK (ECUADOR: DEL LEVANTAMIENTO DE 1990 AL MINISTERIO ÉTNICO DE 1996), UNIVERSIDAD DE MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND, 1996, 56 PP. -- MARÍA MOGOLLÓN, XIMENA NARVÁEZ, MANUELA SÁENZ, PRESENCIA Y POLÉMICA EN LA HISTORIA, CORPORACIÓN EDITORA NACIONAL, QUITO, 1997, 176 PP. -- MARÍA ELENA PORRAS, DIR. Y COORD., CATÁLOGOS DEL ARCHIVO HISTÓRICO DEL MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ABYA-YALA, Quito, 1996. -- CÁRDENAS, MARÍA CRISTINA, (ESTUDIO INTRODUCTORIO Y SELECCIÓN), PENSAMIENTO DE FRAY VICENTE SOLANO, VOL. 39, BIBLIOTECA BÁSICA DEL PENSAMIENTO ECUATORIANO, BANCO CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR/CORPORACIÓN EDITORA NACIONAL, QUITO, 1996,356 PP.

Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia. 13 (SOLO LIBROS/Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: MARÍA EUGENIA CHAVES, MARIA CHIQUINQUIRÁ DÍAZ, UNA ESCLAVA DEL SIGLO XVIII: ACERCA DE L4A IDENTIDADES DE AMO Y ESCLAVO EN EL PUERTO COLONIAL DE GUAYAQUIL, COLECCIÓN GUAYAQUIL Y EL RÍO, No. 7, GUAYAQUIL, ARCHIVO HISTÓRICO DEL GUAYAS, 1998, 137 PP. -- CARLOS PALADINES, RUTAS AL SIGLO XXI. APROXIMACIONES A LA HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN EN EL ECUADOR, SANTILLANA, QUITO, 344 PP. -- P. AGUSTÍN MORENO, FRAY JODOCO RIQUE Y FRAY PEDRO GOCIAL, APÓSTOLES Y MAESTROS FRANCISCANOS DE QUITO, 1530-1570, ABYA-YALA, QUITO, 1998, 422 PP.

El Colegio de Caciques San Andrés: conquista espiritual y transculturación (Estudios)

Este artículo analiza el proyecto franciscano de evangelización de las élites indígenas quiteñas, durante la temprana etapa colonial. El Colegio San Andrés, fundado por la orden franciscana en 1553, fue pieza central de este proyecto. Se analizan las estrategias que desplegaron los franciscanos para incorporar a los nativos a la ideología y cultura hispana, mediante la formación de intermediarios culturales que conectaran ambos mundos.

An obscured tradition: the sonnet and its fourteen-line predecessors

The sonnet in English is usually located as a sixteenth-century innovation, firmly linked to Italian influences, and frequently associated with a distinctively modern consciousness. Yet the speed and comfort with which the form settled into English reflects the fact that the sonnet per se was preceded by a longstanding tradition of 14-line poems in English written in forms derived from French. Indeed, in terms of formal features, the earliest sonnets in English frequently fray into earlier forms, sharing more with the roundel than with later sonnets. This article considers a number of features of style and content that various writers on the sonnet have argued to be characteristic, sometimes definitive, of the sonnet. These features include repetition, formal unity/division of octave and sestet, use of the volta, asymmetry, argument and development, and a preoccupation with contradictions and the self. The article shows that, while it is true that these features are characteristic of many sonnets, they are not peculiarly characteristic of sonnets, and they can all be found in earlier 14-line poems. Furthermore, a number of the earliest sonnets in English do not themselves possess these ‘sonnet-like’ characteristics. The otherness and the modernity of the sonnet have thus been overstated.

Evidence of neutral transcriptome evolution in plants

The transcriptome of an organism is its set of gene transcripts (mRNAs) at a defined spatial and temporal locus. Because gene expression is affected markedly by environmental and developmental perturbations, it is widely assumed that transcriptome divergence among taxa represents adaptive phenotypic selection. This assumption has been challenged by neutral theories which propose that stochastic processes drive transcriptome evolution. To test for evidence of neutral transcriptome evolution in plants, we quantified 18 494 gene transcripts in nonsenescent leaves of 14 taxa of Brassicaceae using robust cross-species transcriptomics which includes a two-step physical and in silico-based normalization procedure based on DNA similarity among taxa. Transcriptome divergence correlates positively with evolutionary distance between taxa and with variation in gene expression among samples. Results are similar for pseudogenes and chloroplast genes evolving at different rates. Remarkably, variation in transcript abundance among root-cell samples correlates positively with transcriptome divergence among root tissues and among taxa. Because neutral processes affect transcriptome evolution in plants, many differences in gene expression among or within taxa may be nonfunctional, reflecting ancestral plasticity and founder effects. Appropriate null models are required when comparing transcriptomes in space and time.

Tandem quadruplication of HMA4 in the zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens

Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulation may have evolved twice in the Brassicaceae, in Arabidopsis halleri and in the Noccaea genus. Tandem gene duplication and deregulated expression of the Zn transporter, HMA4, has previously been linked to Zn/Cd hyperaccumulation in A. halleri. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tandem duplication and deregulation of HMA4 expression also occurs in Noccaea. A Noccaea caerulescens genomic library was generated, containing 36,864 fosmid pCC1FOS (TM) clones with insert sizes similar to 20-40 kbp, and screened with a PCR-generated HMA4 genomic probe. Gene copy number within the genome was estimated through DNA fingerprinting and pooled fosmid pyrosequencing. Gene copy numbers within individual clones was determined by PCR analyses with novel locus specific primers. Entire fosmids were then sequenced individually and reads equivalent to 20-fold coverage were assembled to generate complete whole contigs. Four tandem HMA4 repeats were identified in a contiguous sequence of 101,480 bp based on sequence overlap identities. These were flanked by regions syntenous with up and downstream regions of AtHMA4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Promoter-reporter beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion analysis of a NcHMA4 in A. thaliana revealed deregulated expression in roots and shoots, analogous to AhHMA4 promoters, but distinct from AtHMA4 expression which localised to the root vascular tissue. This remarkable consistency in tandem duplication and deregulated expression of metal transport genes between N. caerulescens and A. halleri, which last shared a common ancestor > 40 mya, provides intriguing evidence that parallel evolutionary pathways may underlie Zn/Cd hyperaccumulation in Brassicaceae.

Generation of nonvernal-obligate, faster-cycling Noccaea caerulescens lines through fast neutron mutagenesis

Noccaea caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi caerulescens) is a widely studied metal hyperaccumulator. However, molecular genetic studies are challenging in this species because of its vernal-obligate biennial life cycle of 7-9 months. Here, we describe the development of genetically stable, faster cycling lines of N. caerulescens which are nonvernal-obligate. A total of 5500 M(0) seeds from Saint Laurent Le Minier (France) were subjected to fast neutron mutagenesis. Following vernalization of young plants, 79 of plants survived to maturity. In all, 80 000 M(2) lines were screened for flowering in the absence of vernalization. Floral initials were observed in 35 lines, with nine flowering in < 12 wk. Two lines (A2 and A7) were selfed to the M(4) generation. Floral initials were observed 66 and 87 d after sowing (DAS) in A2 and A7, respectively. Silicle development occurred for all A2 and for most A7 at 92 and 123 DAS, respectively. Floral or silicle development was not observed in wild-type (WT) plants. Leaf zinc (Zn) concentration was similar in WT, A2 and A7 lines. These lines should facilitate future genetic studies of this remarkable species. Seed is publicly available through the European Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC).

Oxidative dissolution of bornite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Um estudo da escrita de alunos surdos do ensino fundamental-ciclo III da rede municipal de Araraquara

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um espelho esmaecido: o reino visigodo de Toledo, cristianismo e monarquia

This paper aims to present some characteristics of Hispania in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages (4th-8th centuries). Search through a brief analysis of the relationship between Christianity and the Catholic Monarchy stood raise some issues and questions. We understand that Christianity has played and plays a significant role in the historical development of the Iberian countries. But in its installation and attempt to consolidation as hegemonic religion in the peninsula, faced several challenges. His alliance with the monarchy stood represented one of the ways to make stronger its dominance. In turn, the Monarchy, preserving its characteristic elective associated strongly with Christianity, giving him a theocratic character trying to raise the sovereign above the fray aristocratic, without much success. Thus, our text points to some of the paths followed by these two elements, Christianity and Monarchy at the time of the Kingdom of Toledo, proposing more reflections and ways that effectively covering them. We hope to have achieved it.

Revision of Nanophareus, a mysterious harvestman genus from Chile, with descriptions of three new species (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptidae)

The Chilean genus Nanophareus Roewer, 1929 is revised and three new species are described: N. araucanus sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional La Campana, Valparaiso, Chile); N. bipartitus sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional La Campana, Valparaiso, Chile); N. bosqenublado sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, Coquimbo, Chile). The type species, N. palpalis Roewer, 1929, is redescribed and a lectotype is designated. A cladistic analysis was performed using these three new species plus N. palpalis and 14 more laniatorid species, and a data matrix of 72 characters: Seven from the ocularium, 22 from the dorsal scutum, one from the venter, one from the chelicera, eight from the pedipalp, 24 from male legs, and nine from male genitalia. Two equally most parsimonious trees were found (L = 210; C.I. = 0.41; R.I. = 0.51). Nanophareus was recovered as nested within a paraphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. The genus Nanophareus was found to be monophyletic based on the following exclusive synapomorphies: An external row of enlarged tubercles inserted among small ones on lateral margin of the dorsal scutum (innapplicable in N. bosqenublado); the ventro-basal margin of pedipalpal tibia curved 90 degrees in lateral view; and retrolateral seta of the pedipalpal tibia with a socket apically bifid (socket and seta longer than pedipalpal tibia length).

Human prostate fibroblasts induce growth and confer castration resistance and metastatic potential in LNCaP Cells

The tumor microenvironment is important for progressive and metastatic disease.

Power and Politics in Organizations

Aristotle made the observation that man is a political animal. Engineers often like to think they are above the fray when it comes to organizational politics, but most organizational theorists believe politics is a fundamental dynamic in any group. This paper examines the various ways that people use power within organizations to negotiate the political interactions in the work place.