The status and barriers to the implementation and continuation of the school gardening projects in Germany, Nigeria and the United States of America

In drawing a conclusion for this study, care must be taken in generalizing findings since the population of students and teachers investigated were limited to certain levels in the different schools and countries. This study recognized some complexity of the factors underlying the status of school gardening instruction and activities in Germany, Nigeria and the U.S. as inadequate time for decision-making in the process of gardening, motivation of teachers and students. This was seen as the major impediments that influenced the status of gardening in the three countries. However, these factors were considered to have affected students’ mode of participation in the school gardening projects. This research finding suggests that the promotion and encouragement of students in gardening activities will promote vegetable production and increasing the numbers of practical farmers. Gardening has the potential to create opportunities for learning in an environment where children are able to experience nature first hand and to use the shared experience for communication (Bowker & Tearle, 2007). Therefore, the need for students to be encouraged to participate in gardening programs as the benefit will not only reduce the rate of obesity currently spreading among youths, but will contribute to the improve knowledge on science subjects. To build a network between community, parents and schools, a parent’s community approach should be used as the curriculum. The community approach will tighten the link between schools; community members, parents, teachers and students. This will help facilitate a better gardening projects implementation. Through a close collaboration, teachers and students will be able to identify issues affecting communities and undertake action learning in collaboration with community organizations to assess community needs and plan the implementation strategies as parents are part of the community. The sense of efficacy is a central factor in motivational and learning processes that govern educational improvement, standard and performance on complex tasks of both teachers and students. Dedication and willingness are the major stimulator and achievement of a project. Through a stimulator and provision of incentives and facilities, schools can achieve the best in project development. Teachers and principals should be aware that students are the lever for achieving the set goals in schools. Failure to understand what students need will result in achieving zero result. Therefore, it is advised that schools focus more on how to lure students to work through proper collaboration with the parents and community members. Principals and teachers should identify areas where students need to be corrected, helping them to correct the problem will enable them be committed in the schools’ programs.

3D Simultaneous Inversion for Seismic Structure and Local Hypocenters in Germany under Consideration of Seismic Anisotropy in the Upper Mantel

The main task of this work has been to investigate the effects of anisotropy onto the propagation of seismic waves along the Upper Mantle below Germany and adjacent areas. Refraction- and reflexion seismic experiments proved the existence of Upper Mantle anisotropy and its influence onto the propagation of Pn-waves. By the 3D tomographic investigations that have been done here for the crust and the upper mantle, considering the influence of anisotropy, a gap for the investigations in Europe has been closed. These investigations have been done with the SSH-Inversionprogram of Prof. Dr. M. Koch, which is able to compute simultaneously the seismic structure and hypocenters. For the investigation, a dataset has been available with recordings between the years 1975 to 2003 with a total of 60249 P- and 54212 S-phase records of 10028 seismic events. At the beginning, a precise analysis of the residuals (RES, the difference between calculated and observed arrivaltime) has been done which confirmed the existence of anisotropy for Pn-phases. The recognized sinusoidal distribution has been compensated by an extension of the SSH-program by an ellipse with a slow and rectangular fast axis with azimuth to correct the Pn-velocities. The azimuth of the fast axis has been fixed by the application of the simultaneous inversion at 25° - 27° with a variation of the velocities at +- 2.5 about an average value at 8 km/s. This new value differs from the old one at 35°, recognized in the initial residual analysis. This depends on the new computed hypocenters together with the structure. The application of the elliptical correction has resulted in a better fit of the vertical layered 1D-Model, compared to the results of preceding seismological experiments and 1D and 2D investigations. The optimal result of the 1D-inversion has been used as initial starting model for the 3D-inversions to compute the three dimensional picture of the seismic structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle. The simultaneous inversion has showed an optimization of the relocalization of the hypocenters and the reconstruction of the seismic structure in comparison to the geology and tectonic, as described by other investigations. The investigations for the seismic structure and the relocalization have been confirmed by several different tests. First, synthetic traveltime data are computed with an anisotropic variation and inverted with and without anisotropic correction. Further, tests with randomly disturbed hypocenters and traveltime data have been proceeded to verify the influence of the initial values onto the relocalization accuracy and onto the seismic structure and to test for a further improvement by the application of the anisotropic correction. Finally, the results of the work have been applied onto the Waldkirch earthquake in 2004 to compare the isotropic and the anisotropic relocalization with the initial optimal one to verify whether there is some improvement.

Finding Spaces for Urban Food Production – Matching Spatial and Stakeholder Analysis with Urban Agriculture Approaches in the Urban Renewal Area of Dortmund-Hörde, Germany

Using the case of an economically declined neighbourhood in the post-industrial German Ruhr Area (sometimes characterized as Germany���s “Rust Belt”), we analyse, describe and conclude how urban agriculture can be used as a catalyst to stimulate and support urban renewal and regeneration, especially from a socio-cultural perspective. Using the methodological framework of participatory action research, and linking bottom-up and top-down planning approaches, a project path was developed to include the population affected and foster individual responsibility for their district, as well as to strengthen inhabitants and stakeholder groups in a permanent collective stewardship for the individual forms of urban agriculture developed and implemented. On a more abstract level, the research carried out can be characterized as a form of action research with an intended transgression of the boundaries between research, planning, design, and implementation. We conclude that by synchronously combining those four domains with intense feedback loops, synergies for the academic knowledge on the potential performance of urban agriculture in terms of sustainable development, as well as the benefits for the case-study area and the interests of individual urban gardeners can be achieved.

Documentos del XIII Simposio sobre ense??anza de la geolog??a : Alicante del 5 al 10 de julio de 2004

Incluye el libro de salidas de campo: Geolog??a de Alicante

XIII concurso matemático Benjamín Jarnés.

Seleccionado en la convocatoria: Ayudas para proyectos de temática educativa, Gobierno de Aragón 2011-12

La construcció del sistema fiscal municipal a Barcelona, segles XIII-XIV

A l’article es pretén traçar una primera cronologia de l’evolució de les competències fiscals del municipi barceloní fins a la consolidació d’un veritable sistema fiscal. Més que conclusions definitives, el treball vol establir unes primeres hipòtesis dins d’una investigació pròpia en curs sobre la fiscalitat reial a la ciutat de Barcelona que, fins al moment, s’havia centrat sobretot en l’anàlisi del patrimoni reial

Instituciones lulianas en Mallorca : siglos XIII - XVII.

Estudiar los cinco siglos de escuelas lulianas en Mallorca. Se mantuvieron entrevistas y correspondencia con autoridades y profesores investigadores. Se utilizaron archivos de diversas bibliotecas de Mallorca y Barcelona, así como escritos correspondientes a los siglos dieciséis hasta el dieciocho. Finalmente el autor se encargó de realizar las fotografías publicadas. Entrevistas, correspondencia, documentos, archivos y fotografías. Se agrupan las características de las instituciones lulianas en Mallorca en misiones, eremitismo, escuelas rurales, escuelas superiores, fundaciones particulares, Universidad, Sapiencia y Seminario.

Technical education in England, Germany and France in the nineteenth century: a comparison

Este documento describe el desarrollo de la educación técnica en Inglaterra, Alemania y Francia durante el siglo XIX, contrastando sus similaridades y diferencias. También analiza el papel del Estado en la provisión de educación técnica en estos países. El artículo sugiere que el alto estándar científico y técnico en la enseñanza, contribuyó significativamente para que el país se convirtiera en una potencia económica. Por ejemplo, la creciente superioridad técnica de los alemanes sobre los británicos en actividades como producción química, tinturas, hierro y acero, ha sido atribuida al hecho de que los británicos persistieron en el uso de métodos empíricos que representaban una barrera para alcanzar mejoras y adaptación, mientras que los alemanes desarrollaron un sistema de educación universitario y politécnico con fuertes lazos industriales que le permitían convertirse en la potencia industrial mas grande de Europa al inicio del Siglo XX.

Calant la xarxa : Natura XIII. 'Calando la red : Naturaleza XIII'.

El vídeo tiene una duración de 28 minutos y explica las artes industriales y las artes artesanales de pesca. También se recogen testigos de pescadores sobre el futuro de la pesca y cifras referentes a Cataluña. Presentación de estudis biológicos sobre especies de peces.

Alfonso XIII y la Primera Guerra Mundial.

Presenta un perfil humanístico del rey Alfonso XIII a través del análisis de algunas de las actividades que llevó a cabo el Rey durante el periodo de la Primera Guerra Mundial. En primer lugar se analiza la creación de una obra humanística que partió de su preocupación por la búsqueda de un soldado desaparecido y continuó durante la Guerra Mundial en la que la secretaría del Rey se organizó para realizar una de las labores más benficiarias en favor de los desaparecidos y los prisioneros. Se analiza después su participación para ayudar al zar Nicolás II y su familia cuando estaban encarcelados en Rusia. Por último, muestra cómo en la Rusia bolchevique el mismo día de la ejecución de la familia imperial se publicó un artículo que elogiaba a Alfonso XIII. Todas estas actuaciones le proporcionaron una buena imagen internacional que se reflejó posteriormente en la acogida que recibió en Francia cuando abandonó España en 1931.

Tiempo para comunicarnos : XIII Encuentros Pedagógicos de Arganda y su comarca.

Recoge los encuentros pedagógicos de Arganda, organizados por el CPR de Arganda y donde han colaborado los ayuntamientos de dicho municipio y de Rivas Vaciamadrid, en su edición de 1996. El objetivo fundamental es dar a conocer los diversos proyectos y experiencias en investigación docente de diferentes profesores de la comarca de educación infantil y primaria. La temática de dichos proyectos se desarrolla en áreas que van desde el apoyo de los materiales audiovisuales en educación, hasta los temas transversales, pasando por la educación especial y la sensibilización con el medioambiente entre otros..