Notas sobre os historiadores e suas fontes

The aim of this text is to discuss the different meanings attributed to notions of historical sources and documents from the nineteenth century, when history was constituted as a discipline. It is important to point out the centrality of this issue to the different conceptions about the production of knowledge in this field.

A importância da pesquisa de fontes para os estudos históricos

The importance of research sources for historical studies. In our text we try to call the attention to the fact that, concerning the sources, the most important aspect is the researcher who considers them. This consideration is a product of history, thus in each period and according to his social and political status, the researcher will conceive the sources in a particular way. Therefore, there is no single way to deal with the sources, which is unrelated to how the researcher behaves in relation to contemporary issues.

Estudos sobre o Brasil Colonial: arquivos e fontes

The information technology and the increasing interest in the American Latin studies, especially about Brazil, are the objective of these reflections. In the research about the colonial period in Brazil, a group of works, systematized and divulged by electronic means, beyond the usual sources – Portuguese, Italian and Brazilian Universities and Institutes – are from Europe and North America, and its access is facilitated by the worldwide network. Platforms and collections such as Europeana and others less known constitute important sources to the studies of this field. We will comment here some fundamentals to contribute to the subject sources of colonial Brazil.

Potencial de resíduos agroindustriais como fontes de compostos bioativos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fontes potássicas na produção do pimenteiro em substrato fertirrigado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Doses, fontes e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio influenciando teores de clorofila e produtividade do trigo

To achieve high wheat yield, correct management of N fertilization and the use of high yield potential cultivars are necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different application rates and sources of N, applied totally at sowing or in topdressing, on grain yield and yield components of two irrigated wheat cultivars under a no-till system, grown in a Cerrado (Brazilian tropical savanna) region of low altitude. A randomized block design was used in a 5 x 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with three replications, combining five levels of N (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha(-1)), three sources of N (Entec (R), ammonium sulfate, and urea), and two application times (at sowing, near the rows, or in topdressing) in two wheat cultivars (IAC 370 and Embrapa 21). The wheat cultivars had similar grain yields. There was no difference among the sources of N for grain yield and yield components. The N applied totally at sowing did not differ from the traditional application at sowing and in topdressing for production of irrigated wheat in no-tillage. The increase in application rates of N increased the leaf N contents and chlorophyll, plant height, and the number of ears per m(2). Grain yield of the wheat cultivars IAC 370 and Embrapa 21 increased up to the application rates of 134 and 128 kg ha(-1) of N, respectively, regardless of application time and source of N. The positive correlation between chlorophyll leaf content and grain yield in accordance with N fertilization levels indicates that N fertilization in topdressing can be recommended based on SPAD readings of leaf chlorophyll performed at 38 days after wheat plant emergence.

Crescimento e produção do maracujazeiro amarelo, sob diferentes fontes e doses de fósforo em cobertura

Brazil is the largest world producer of yellow passion fruit, a fruit crop which is exigent in nutrients, although little studied in relation to phosphorus fertilizing, fundamental on plant establishment. An experiment was carried out during the period of March/2010 to April/2011 in Remigio County, Paraiba State, Brazil, in order to evaluate the vegetative and productive attributes of yellow passion fruit plants under different sources and doses of phosphorus. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in tree replications and twelve plants by plot using the factorial design 2 x 5 referring the sources of superphosphate triple and superphosphate simple at levels P2O5 of 0, 12, 18, 24 and 30 g cave(-1). The following variables were recorded: stem diameter, number of productive branches, number of fruits per plant, fruit mass and fruit yield. The sources and doses of phosphorus affected growth and fruit production of yellow passion plants. The triple superphosphate is the most phosphorus efficient source for growth and fruit production of yellow passion fruit. The triple superphosphate dose which promoted the maximum yield of yellow passion fruit is 42.86 g.

Alimentos funcionais: uma nova fronteira para o desenvolvimento de bebidas protéicas a base de soro de leite

Functional foods are defined as those that provide additional benefits to consumers. The market for foods with functional properties is expanding, supported by scientific evidences, which leads the developing of different special foods. This market segment is related to the innovations, as well as the traditional functional dairy and non dairy products, gain traction in the marketplace for innovative products like based whey sports beverage. Besides the functionality of muscle protein synthesis, these beverages are entering into areas such as clinical nutrition and satiety. Thus, it can be supposed that the composition and technological versatility of the whey support the use asinnovative ingredient for foods and beverages. This review aim to supply an overview about functional foods, mainly the segment of whey based beverages. The success of this new nutritional approach is close related to the requirement to identify, to characterize and to develop methodologies to measure and to validate more precisely the relevant functional markers, making them open for a public domain.

Desempenho agronômico do milho e do trigo em função da inoculação com azospirillum brasilense e doses e fontes de nitrogênio

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público em um município com diferentes fontes de captação

Maintaining the levels of fluoride ion in public water supply within the parameters of adequacy it becomes essential so the measure carries a greater impact on caries prevention and control, without increasing the prevalence of dental fluorosis. Thus, it is necessary a rigorous control of the process, avoiding the undesired effects at levels above recommended levels, as well as avoiding levels below the recommended that do not offer the highest benefit. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of fluoride in public water supply in the city of Birigui, SP, with different sources of supply, checking if the fluoride levels are within the recommended. The samples were collected monthly from points previously established, with the knowledge of the distribution network of water and identifying the amount and location of supply sources and water treatment plant. Analyses were performed in duplicate in the period from January to December of 2009, in the laboratory - NEPESCO - of the Dental School of Araçatuba, Univ Estadual Paulista – UNESP, using an ion analyzer coupled to a specific electrode for fluoride. Of the total samples (n = 512), 44% (n = 224) had adequate levels and 56% (n = 288) inadequate levels, 10% (n = 49) lower levels and 46% (n = 239) showed levels above the recommended. There were differences in results when comparing the analysis of different sources. The fluoride concentration in the majority of the samples from deep wells was classified as inadequate not offering the desired benefit, or exposing the population to the risk of dental fluorosis.

Estirpes de Leveduras Assimiladoras de Fontes de Carbono para Produção de Etanoll

Nas etapas fermentativas destinadas a produção de etanol, observa-se o desenvolvimento de diversos contaminantes, dentre elas as leveduras selvagens, que muitas vezes comprometem a produtividade e qualidade do produto final. Desta forma, o trabalho objetivou caracterizar, classificar e determinar marcadores genéticos-moleculares para 5 estirpes de leveduras (C69, C128, C271, CAT e Saccharomyces cerevisiae). A avaliação envolveu a determinação da assimilação de fonte de carbono e técnica de RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Os resultados obtidos através dos testes de assimilação de fontes de carbono são importantes para diferenciação e caracterização de leveduras. Sendo, as leveduras C69,C128 e C271 com habilidade para desdobrar xilose como fonte de carbono. A técnica de RAPD obteve dois primers sozinhos não sendo suficientes para a geração de 100 bandas polimórficas para a população, levando-se em conta os resultados do tratamento 2 de 50ng: que pelo polimorfismo gerado pode-se discriminar três grupos principais e distintos: a amostra três sozinha, porém que ocupa uma similaridade com o grupo formado pelo controle e a estirpe 4, e por último o grupo formado pelas amostras 1 e 2, separados do anterior.

Caracterização mineralógica e química das fontes de poeira e sua influência na atmosfera da região do polo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes (SP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fontes lipídicas e ácidos graxos essenciais no desenvolvimento ovariano e desempenho reprodutivo de jundiás Rhamdia quelen

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Potencial de emulsificação do resíduo do óleo de soja (goma de soja) sobre a digestibilidade de dietas com inclusão de diferentes fontes lipídicas

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

De arquivos e fontes, escrita e oralidade, infância e velhice: considerações acerca de um protocolo de pesquisa sobre um grupo escolar

The starting point of this paper is a brief report of a specific research about a Brazilian institution called Grupo Escolar. Its main intention, however, lies in the discussion on some methodological procedures and some distinct scientific practices in Human Sciences. Authors make some remarks on the possibilities of alternative research protocols, its boundaries and potentialities, specially focusing the study of school archives and the use of Oral History approach. The discussion about Oral History brings to the scene two others important themes – childhood and elderliness.