888 resultados para Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia


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The domain of Knowledge Discovery (KD) and Data Mining (DM) is of growing importance in a time where more and more data is produced and knowledge is one of the most precious assets. Having explored both the existing underlying theory, the results of the ongoing research in academia and the industry practices in the domain of KD and DM, we have found that this is a domain that still lacks some systematization. We also found that this systematization exists to a greater degree in the Software Engineering and Requirements Engineering domains, probably due to being more mature areas. We believe that it is possible to improve and facilitate the participation of enterprise stakeholders in the requirements engineering for KD projects by systematizing requirements engineering process for such projects. This will, in turn, result in more projects that end successfully, that is, with satisfied stakeholders, including in terms of time and budget constraints. With this in mind and based on all information found in the state-of-the art, we propose SysPRE - Systematized Process for Requirements Engineering in KD projects. We begin by proposing an encompassing generic description of the KD process, where the main focus is on the Requirements Engineering activities. This description is then used as a base for the application of the Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) so that we can specify a formal ontology for this process. The resulting SysPRE ontology can serve as a base that can be used not only to make enterprises become aware of their own KD process and requirements engineering process in the KD projects, but also to improve such processes in reality, namely in terms of success rate.

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Neste relatrio de estgio, entregue para obteno do grau de mestre, elaborado um sistema de registo e tratamento de alarmes em paralelo com a especificao e implementao de um sistema prottipo de recolha de alarmes em armrios exteriores, para otimizao da gesto da rede da Portugal Telecom (PT). O incio do projeto agrupa o contato com as tecnologias de transmisso e alarmstica da rede atravs do estado da arte e estudo dos equipamentos existentes, sobretudo Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) no que concerne aos dbitos, interligao de tecnologias, sua monitorizao e configurao. indicado, ao longo do procedimento prtico, o trabalho elaborado para a concentrao dos dados do departamento numa nica plataforma, disponibilizada aos utilizadores, a qual tambm capaz de realizar um cruzamento dos alarmes da rede com os padres encontrados para a ocorrncia de determinados alarmes. O mdulo implementado para a recolha de alarmes, que satisfaz um dos problemas de adaptao de estruturas remodeladas, igualmente descrito, atendendo s necessidades de implementao e requisitos impostos pela empresa. O estudo das estruturas ncleo existentes, o acompanhamento do projeto de monitorizao de alarmes de uma rea de agregao de servios e o desenvolvimento do trabalho so realizados atravs do gabinete de projeto e gesto de rede do departamento de operaes da Madeira. Os resultados favorecem a Portugal Telecom em termos de atualizao da sua estrutura de monitorizao de alarmes, aumento da eficincia de resoluo de problemas e optimizao da gesto de recursos humanos.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the main constituents of the Mediterranean diet. Its consumption has been proposed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. It is therefore one of the most popular and extensively consumed vegetable crop worldwide. To gain insights on the potential of Lycopersicon esculentum L. as bioactive food, two analytical methodologies were developed to determine the levels of the lipophilic -tocopherol, -tocopherol, -carotene, lycopene; and hydrophilic antioxidants ascorbic acid. The quantification of total carotenoids (-carotene and lycopene) was assessed through a liquidliquid ultrasound assisted extraction (LL-USAE) in combination with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), according to method of mean, for total carotenoids (mx = 450 nm. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic using both photodiode array and fluorescence detection (UHPLC-PDA/FLR), allows the identification and quantification of the target lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants. This methodology UHPLC-PDA/FLR is fast, simple and revealed a high sensitivity for the compounds under study. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) obtained were much lower (about 10 times) than the reported in literature. The method LL-USAE/UV-Vis was validated and applied to different tomato foodstuffs. The results reveal a small increase of carotenoids content during maturation, reaching the maximum level when ripe. These results complement those obtained by the ORAC and TBARS assays that show an increase of antioxidant capacity during maturation. The LODs ans LOQs obtained were also about 10 times lower than reported in literature. The carotenoid content was also evaluated by LL-USAE/UV-Vis in different tomatoes varieties. Regional variety present the high carotenoid level, followed by campari and gordal, and at last grape. This methodology was also applied to different processed food samples containing tomatoes derivatives. Highest carotenoids content were obtained in concentrated tomato foodstuffs.

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Fifty percent of the European Unions population suffers from an oral disease. Studies have repeatedly shown that while acquiring healthy toothbrushing practices early on in ones life is of significance, children and adults often fail to adhere to those. In this thesis we attempt to design and prototype interactive technologies that motivate healthy tooth brushing habits on individuals. Rather than focusing on the technologies persuasive power over individuals, we tap on the social mechanisms employed by families. In this sense, we think of these technologies as social translucent rather than persuasive, whose goal is to raise awareness within the family on each others habits and that aim at leveraging families existing social mechanisms for behavior change, rather than replacing them. More specifically, we aim to gain insights with respect to the following questions: a) What are the drivers and barriers towards adhering to healthy tooth brushing behaviors? b) Can we effectively measure toothbrushing behaviors? c) How can technologies leverage family communication practices in motivating proper toothbrushing behaviors? First, we present two studies about children and adults tooth brushing behaviors and how these are influenced by social interactions within the family. Secondly, we present the design and prototyping of two systems that sense toothbrushing practices and provide feedback, using the Social Translucence Framework as a design lens. We conclude with an overview of lessons learnt from the prototyping of these systems supported by an analysis of the strengths and pitfalls of the developed technologies.

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O principal objetivo deste projeto foi propor um sistema de aquisio de dados de uma aplicao remota. Existem diversas aplicaes que requerem a recolha de informao remota, sendo, para isso, necessrio estabelecer um sistema de comunicao dedicado. Este trabalho procurou encontrar as melhores solues para o problema em causa, testando e avaliado um sistema de comunicao. Para testar o sistema foi desenvolvido um prottipo de monotorizao de parmetros ambientais, que mede periodicamente os valores de temperatura, humidade, luminosidade e presso atmosfrica. A comunicao entre sensores foi realizada com recurso a rdios XBee com protocolo Zigbee. Foi, tambm, desenvolvido um n de coordenao que tem como objetivo principal gerir e manter todo o sistema de aquisio de dados. Este prottipo recebe, valida e armazena num carto SD todos os dados provenientes do n sensor e periodicamente envia os dados para um servidor com acesso a internet. A aquisio de dados em aplicaes remotas, normalmente, efetuada em zonas de ausncia de energia eltrica. Ento, tendo em considerao a capacidade reduzida dos sistemas de armazenamento de energia, foram desenvolvidos sistemas de alimentao atravs de energia solar, focando-se no mnimo de consumo possvel. Para a comunicao de longa distncia foi implementado e testado um sistema de feixes hertzianos. Estudou-se a propagao, utilizando a banda isenta de licena dos 2,4 GHz. Projetou-se uma ligao entre dois pontos e procedeu-se validao das reas de cobertura, a qual requer a estimao do sinal nos pontos de interesse. Verificou-se as zonas de interferncia e as zonas onde o sinal fraco ou est no seu limite. O desenvolvimento deste sistema de comunicao foi fundamentado com a anlise e avaliao dos modelos de propagao, juntamente com o software criado em plataforma Matlab. Finalmente foram apresentadas as concluses e algumas sugestes de trabalhos futuros.

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With the current proliferation of sensor equipped mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, location aware services are expanding beyond the mere efficiency and work related needs of users, evolving in order to incorporate fun, culture and the social life of users. Today people on the move have more and more connectivity and are expected to be able to communicate with their usual and familiar social networks. That means communications not only with their peers and colleagues, friends and family but also with unknown people that might share their interests, curiosities or happen to use the same social network. Through social networks, location aware blogging, cultural mobile applications relevant information is now available at specific geographical locations and open to feedback and conversations among friends as well as strangers. In fact, nowadays smartphone technologies aloud users to post and retrieve content while on the move, often relating to specific physical landmarks or locations, engaging and being engaged in conversations with strangers as much as their own social network. The use of such technologies and applications while on the move can often lead people to serendipitous discoveries and interactions. Throughout our thesis we are engaging on a two folded investigation: how can we foster and support serendipitous discoveries and what are the best interfaces for it? In fact, to read and write content while on the move is a cognitively intensive task. While the map serves the function of orienting the user, it also absorbs most of the users concentration. In order to address this kind of cognitive overload issue with Breadcrumbs we propose a 360 degrees interface that enables the user to find content around them by means of scanning the surrounding space with the mobile device. By using a loose metaphor of a periscope, harnessing the power of the smartphone sensors we designed an interactive interface capable of detecting content around the users and display it in the form of 2 dimensional bubbles which diameter depends on their distance from the users. Users will navigate the space in relation to the content that they are curious about, rather than in relation to the traditional geographical map. Through this model we envisage alleviating a certain cognitive overload generated by having to continuously confront a two dimensional map with the real three dimensional space surrounding the user, but also use the content as a navigational filter. Furthermore this alternative mean of navigating space might bring serendipitous discovery about places that user where not aware of or intending to reach. We hence conclude our thesis with the evaluation of the Breadcrumbs application and the comparison of the 360 degrees interface with a traditional 2 dimensional map displayed on the devise screen. Results from the evaluation are compiled in findings and insights for future use in designing and developing context aware mobile applications.

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O controlo de banda larga um conceito importante quando lidamos com redes de larga escala. Os ISPs precisam de garantir disponibilidade e qualidade de servio a todos os clientes, enquanto garantem que a rede como um todo no fica mais lenta. Para garantir isto, necessrio que os ISPs recolham dados de trfego, analisem-nos e usem-nos para definir a velocidade de banda larga de cada cliente. A NOS Madeira implementou, durante vrios anos, um sistema semelhante. No entanto, este sistema encontrava-se obsoleto, sendo necessrio construir um novo, totalmente de raz. Entre as limitaes encontrava-se a impossibilidade de alterar os algoritmos de anlise de trfego, fraca integrao com os servios de gesto de rede da NOS Madeira e reduzida escalabilidade e modularidade. O sistema IP Network Usage Accounting a resposta a estes problemas. Este projeto foca-se no desenvolvimento do subsistema Accounting System, o segundo dos trs subsistemas que compem o sistema IP Network Usage Accounting. Este subsistema, implementado com sucesso e atualmente em produo na NOS Madeira, responsvel por analisar os dados referidos acima e usar os resultados dessa anlise para direcionar a disponibilidade de banda larga, de acordo com o uso da rede de cada cliente.

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Organizations are Complex systems. A conceptual model of the enterprise is needed that is: coherent the distinguished aspect models constitute a logical and truly integral comprehensive all relevant issues are covered consistent the aspect models are free from contradictions or irregularities concise no superfluous matters are contained in it essential it shows only the essence of the enterprise, i.e., the model abstracts from all realization and implementation issues. The world is in great need for transparency about the operation of all the systems we daily work with, ranging from the domestic appliances to the big societal institutions. In this context the field of enterprise ontology has emerged with the aim to create models that help to understand the essence of the construction and operation of complete systems; more specifically, of enterprises. Enterprise ontology arises in the way to look through the distracting and confusing appearance of an enterprise right into its deep kernel. This, from the perspective of the system designer gives him the tools needed to design a successful system in a way thats reflects the desires and needs of the workers of the enterprise. This projects context is the use of DEMO (Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations) for (re)designing or (re)engineering of an enterprise, namely a process of the construction department of a city hall, the lack of a well-founded theory about the construction and operation of this processes that was the motivation behind this work. The purpose of studying applying the DEMO theory and method was to optimize the process, automating it as much as possible, while reducing paper and time spent between tasks and provide a better service to the citizens.

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Humans can perceive three dimension, our world is three dimensional and it is becoming increasingly digital too. We have the need to capture and preserve our existence in digital means perhaps due to our own mortality. We have also the need to reproduce objects or create small identical objects to prototype, test or study them. Some objects have been lost through time and are only accessible through old photographs. With robust model generation from photographs we can use one of the biggest human data sets and reproduce real world objects digitally and physically with printers. What is the current state of development in three dimensional reconstruction through photographs both in the commercial world and in the open source world? And what tools are available for a developer to build his own reconstruction software? To answer these questions several pieces of software were tested, from full commercial software packages to open source small projects, including libraries aimed at computer vision. To bring to the real world the 3D models a 3D printer was built, tested and analyzed, its problems and weaknesses evaluated. Lastly using a computer vision library a small software with limited capabilities was developed.

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All over the world, organizations are becoming more and more complex, and theres a need to capture its complexity, so this is when the DEMO methodology (Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations), created and developed by Jan L. G. Dietz, reaches its potential, which is to capture the structure of business processes in a coherent and consistent form of diagrams with their respective grammatical rules. The creation of WAMM (Wiki Aided Meta Modeling) platform was the main focus of this thesis, and had like principal precursor the idea to create a Meta-Editor that supports semantic data and uses MediaWiki. This prototype Meta-Editor uses MediaWiki as a receptor of data, and uses the ideas created in the Universal Enterprise Adaptive Object Model and the concept of Semantic Web, to create a platform that suits our needs, through Semantic MediaWiki, which helps the computer interconnect information and people in a more comprehensive, giving meaning to the content of the pages. The proposed Meta-Modeling platform allows the specification of the abstract syntax i.e., the grammar, and concrete syntax, e.g., symbols and connectors, of any language, as well as their model types and diagram types. We use the DEMO language as a proofof-concept and example. All such specifications are done in a coherent and formal way by the creation of semantic wiki pages and semantic properties connecting them.

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A indstria da construo tem um papel de destaque na vida quotidiana do ser humano e por sua vez uma grande importncia no desenvolvimento da atividade econmica do pas. A construo de novos edifcios e infraestruturas deve contribuir para uma melhoria do desempenho, durabilidade e proporcionar qualidade de vida dos seus cidados. O reconhecimento da importncia das fachadas para o comportamento dos edifcios tem conduzido a uma crescente ateno temtica da durabilidade do ponto de vista econmico, assistindo-se cada vez a uma maior necessidade da sua integrao na fase da elaborao do projeto. O recurso a metodologias econmicas para a previso dos custos de vida til das tecnologias de construo no sentido de avaliar, o seu desempenho nos edifcios, tem permitido selecionar alternativas ao nvel da implementao de solues com menor custo de manuteno e maior probabilidade de reutilizao e reciclagem numa fase de desconstruo. A presente dissertao pretende contribuir para a identificao e seleo de solues construtivas e materiais para a execuo de fachadas ventiladas em paredes exteriores de edifcios, que sejam o mais compatveis possvel com os objetivos econmicos nas diversas fases do ciclo de vida de um edifcio. Sendo apresentadas solues que minimizam o custo econmico de investimento, manuteno e desconstruo, e que por sua vez, aumentam a qualidade de vida dos utilizadores atravs do melhor desempenho que essas solues construtivas apresentam a nvel funcional, arquitetnico, sade, bemestar, conforto e responsabilidade social. Foram analisadas diversas tecnologias construtivas para fachadas-ventilada, tendo sido avaliado o seu impacte econmico ao longo do ciclo de vida a que um edifcio esta sujeito. O melhor cenrio para fachada ventilada foi estudado, tendo em conta o desempenho econmico. Espera-se assim que este trabalho contribua de forma positiva para a seleo das solues construtivas mais econmicas para a execuo de fachadas ventiladas por parte dos projetistas que tenham como objetivo proporcionar as condies de conforto adequadas aos ocupantes dos edifcios, minimizando os custos econmicos no decorrer do ciclo de vida do edifcio.

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The purpose of this study was to identify whether activity modeling framework supports problem analysis and provides a traceable and tangible connection from the problem identification up to solution modeling. Methodology validation relied on a real problem from a Portuguese teaching syndicate (ASPE), regarding courses development and management. The study was carried out with a perspective to elaborate a complete tutorial of how to apply activity modeling framework to a real world problem. Within each step of activity modeling, we provided a summary elucidation of the relevant elements required to perform it, pointed out some improvements and applied it to ASPEs real problem. It was found that activity modeling potentiates well structured problem analysis as well as provides a guiding thread between problem and solution modeling. It was concluded that activity-based task modeling is key to shorten the gap between problem and solution. The results revealed that the solution obtained using activity modeling framework solved the core concerns of our customer and allowed them to enhance the quality of their courses development and management. The principal conclusion was that activity modeling is a properly defined methodology that supports software engineers in problem analysis, keeping a traceable guide among problem and solution.

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Overconsumption of natural resources and the associated environmental hazards are one of todays most pressing global issues. In the western world, individual consumption in homes and workplaces is a key contributor to this problem. Reflecting the importance of individual action in this domain, this thesis focuses on studying and influencing choices related to sustainability and energy consumption made by people in their daily lives. There are three main components to this work. Firstly, this thesis asserts that people frequently make ineffective consumption reduction goal choices and attempts to understand the rationale for these poor choices by fitting them to goalsetting theory, an established theoretical model of behavior change. Secondly, it presents two approaches that attempt to influence goal choice towards more effective targets, one of which deals with mechanisms for goal priming and the other of which explores the idea that carefully designed toys can exert influence on childrens long term consumption behavior patterns. The final section of this thesis deals with the design of feedback to support the performance of environmentally sound activities. Key contributions surrounding goals include the finding that people choose easy sustainable goals despite immediate feedback as to their ineffectiveness and the discussion and study of goal priming mechanisms that can influence this choice process. Contributions within the design of value instilling toys include a theoretically grounded framework for the design of such toys and a completed and tested prototype toy. Finally, contributions in designing effective and engaging energy consumption feedback include the finding that negative feedback is best presented verbally compared with visually and this is exemplified and presented within a working feedback system. The discussions, concepts, prototypes and empirical findings presented in this work will be useful for both environmental psychologists and for HCI researchers studying eco-feedback.

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A presente dissertao tem como propsito a elaborao de um inventrio relativo s estruturas de correo torrencial construdas no concelho do Funchal. Na sequncia da aluvio do dia 20 de fevereiro de 2010, resultante de um perodo prolongado de chuva na ilha da Madeira, aliada ao facto desta ter um relevo muito pronunciado e extremamente acidentado, originaram-se os movimentos de vertente que, na sua grande maioria, so responsveis pela ocorrncia de cheias rpidas. Pois as bacias hidrogrficas da ilha so de pequena dimenso e consequentemente as suas ribeiras, do origem a tempos de concentrao muito reduzidos. Desta forma, as ribeiras que so alimentadas pelo escoamento lquido e slido, tornam-se num agente erosivo e potenciam um rasto de destruio. Esta aluvio teve consequncias devastadoras em toda a vertente sul da ilha da Madeira, no entanto, este trabalho, focou-se apenas no concelho do Funchal, no qual existem trs ribeiras onde foram implantadas as estruturas de correo torrencial, designadas por audes, que constituem o mago deste estudo, atravs da inventariao destas estruturas e posterior elaborao de uma ficha de inventrio relativa a cada uma delas. Inicialmente, procedeu-se identificao de todos os audes, verificao e anlise das condies dos locais intervencionados, alm de um levantamento fotogrfico para execuo posterior de um enquadramento geogrfico dos mesmos. Foram abordadas algumas consideraes de carter hidrolgico, hidrulico e transporte de caudal slido, que so a base dimensional e a razo da execuo dos referidos audes. Numa fase posterior, foi elaborada uma base de dados com a informao disponvel dos vrios audes identificados, munida de valor mpar para futuros desenvolvimentos nesta rea no curso de engenharia civil na Universidade da Madeira. Por fim, so expostas algumas consideraes relativamente aos diferentes modelos de estruturas de correo torrencial encontrados na pouca bibliografia especializada e implantados no terreno.

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O contedo da presente dissertao aborda a importncia da caracterizao dos solos, na medida em que estabilidade dos taludes um fator que depende fortemente da constituio e do tipo de solo presente nos macios. A realizao deste estudo incide sobre os solos da bacia hidrogrfica da ribeira de Santa Luzia. O motivo da escolha da bacia em causa prende-se com o facto de a mesma ser uma das ribeiras que, atualmente se encontra sob observao atravs do projeto MonitorizaRibeiras do LREC. Os ensaios laboratoriais de caracterizao fsico-mecnica dos solos constituem uma das componentes de maior relevncia na engenharia geotcnica. Neste trabalho a caracterizao mecnica feita atravs de ensaios de corte direto (em caixa de corte), que permitem obter os parmetros de resistncia do solo (ngulo de atrito e coeso). A caraterizao fsica foi efetuada recorrendo a ensaios simples que permitem determinar os ndices fsicos do solo, mais particularmente: determinao da baridade seca in situ, anlises granulomtricas, determinao de limites de consistncia de Atterberg e do teor em gua natural, densidade de partculas slidas e determinao da quantidade de matria orgnica. Os parmetros obtidos permitem depois a realizao de uma anlise a vrios taludes com diferentes inclinaes, de modo a verificar que influncias tais parmetros geram na obteno do Fator de Segurana. Verifica-se que medida que o teor em gua aumenta, essa influncia traduz-se na perda de resistncia de um solo. Tal anlise permitiu determinar quais as zonas da bacia de Santa Luzia que com as caractersticas obtidas e nas condies estudadas se encontram em maior perigo de escorregamento. Os sensores de saturao do solo, sendo uma til ferramenta de monitorizao remota foram alvo de pesquisa nesta dissertao. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com propsito de contribuir com informao, que posteriormente auxilie, na implementao destes equipamentos no sistema do projeto MonitorizaRibeiras.