Environment conditions and biological innovations in the european agrarian growth, 1819-1939

The circumstances that were the driving forces behind Europe's economic growth beginning in the 19th century are diverse, and not easily prioritized. Until the 1970's, specifically, in Economy and Economic History, attention was focused on different institutional and technological variables, and various regularities were proposed. Nevertheless, new studies also underlined that the evolution of economic activity could not be understood considering only the new production possibilities offered by market economies. As a result, today it is also accepted that those processes can not be explained without considering two additional circumstances: the energy flows that sustained them, and the changes undergone in their transformation In this context, a question arises that takes on special importance. Which was the influence of the biological change in the economic growth?. A part of the flows of energy must be made into food, and this transformation can only happen with the participation.

Strongylopsalis mathurinii (Dermaptera) e Alphitobius piceus (Coleoptera) novos hospedeiros intermediários para Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819)

O autor descreve o ciclo biológico de hymenolepis diminuta (Rud., 1819) em dois novos hospedeiros intermediários: Strongylopsalis mathurinii (Dermaptera) e Alphitobius piceus (Coleoptera). O desenvolvimento larvar é similar em ambos os hospedeiros, embora algumas diferenças em detalhes tenham sido observadas, tais como os tempos de evolução e as dimensões dos cisticercóides; os cisticercóides obtidos dos dermápteros têm maiores dimensões relativas e o tempo de evolução pode ser de apenas 9 dias. O autor sugere que Strongylopsalis mathurinii, inseto freqüentemente encontrado na ração prensada dos roedores é um excelente hospedeiro intermediário, ideal para trabalhos experimentais com Hymenolepis diminuta.

Los Pioneros del cooperativismo agrario de crédito español (1880-1920)

En las dos últimas décadas del siglo XIX en España el cooperativismo de crédito orientado hacia los pequeños productores agrícolas estuvo bastante ligado a las corrientes del “Regeneracionismo conservador” y el catolicismo social. Hemos estudiado las aportaciones de dos autores: Joaquín Díaz de Rábago y Nicolás Fontes. Díaz de Rábago contó con una fuerte formación teórica y colaboró en la redacción de un proyecto de ley sobre cooperativas, pero a pesar de su influencia no consiguió potenciar ninguna actividad concreta. Nicolás Fontes representa al hombre “práctico”. Sus circunstancias personales, era un importante terrateniente, lo animaron a poner en práctica un sistema de crédito destinado a ayudar a los pequeños arrendatarios. El modelo que puso en práctica se inspiraba en el Raiffeisen System, el mismo que defendía por Rábago. El desconocimiento mutuo de sus actuaciones invita a reflexionar sobre las limitaciones en la difusión del cooperativismo agrícola de crédito en España.

Redescription of Oncophora melanocephala (Rudolphi, 1819) Baudin-Laurencin, 1971 (Nematoda, Camallanidae)

Oncophora melanocephala, a camallanid nematode from the small intestine of Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829 is redescribed from the Coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil and this occurrence represents a new host record for the species

Expanded description of the female of Lernaeenicus longiventris Wilson, 1917, (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Pennellidae) based on specimens from Mugil platanus Günter, 1880 (Perciformes, Mugilidae) of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The description of Lernaeenicus longiventris is expanded and revised, based on specimens collected from the skin and fins of mullets, Mugil platanus Gunther, 1880, from 21 locations in coastal waters of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The effect of different proportions of males and females over the Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) biotic potential and longevity under laboratory conditions

Chrysomya albiceps specimens were derived from colonies kept under laboratory conditions. The oviposition period, total number of eggs-mass and the weight of the eggs-mass (average/female) presented significant differences between colonies regarding the sexual ratio of 1male/1female (situation I), when compared to the other ratios (1male/3female, situation II), (1male/5female, situation III), (3male/1female, situation IV) and (5 male/1female, situation V). It was ascertained that the increase in the proportion of females, resulted in higher weight and greater number of ovipositions and lenghtening of the period of oviposition, leads to a decrease in their lifespan.

Temperature requirements of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) under laboratory conditions

Chrysomya albiceps specimens were obtained from colonies established with larvae and adults collected at the Federal Rural University in Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro. The larval stage of C. albiceps was allowed to develop in climatic chambers at temperatures of 18, 22, 27 and 32ºC, and the pupal stage was allowed to develop at 22, 27 and 32ºC (60 ± 10% RH and 14 hr photoperiod). The duration and viability of the larval stage of C. albiceps at 18, 22, 27 and 32ºC were 21.30, 10.61, 5.0 and 4.0 days and 76.5, 88.5, 98.5 and 99.5%, respectively, with mean mature larval weights of 45.16, 81.86, 84.35 and 70.53 mg, respectively. Mean duration and viability of the pupal stage at 22, 27 and 32ºC were 9.36, 4.7 and 3.0 days and 93.8, 100 and 100%, respectively. The basal temperature for the larval and pupal stage and for the larval and adult phase were 15.04, 17.39 and 15.38ºC, corresponding to 65.67, 44.15 and 114.23 DD.