A cross-cultural study on the effect of decimal separator on price perception

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Dissecting neuronal dysfunction and microglia/motoneurons cross-talk in ALS: an immunofluorescence directed study

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina

Dissecting cross-talk between microglia and motoneurons in ALS: signaling events and soluble factors

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina

Introducing Mobile Money in Rural Mozambique: Evidence from a Field Experiment*

The limitations of access to finance in Africa, together with the recent boom in cell phone use in that continent, created high expectations regarding the introduction of mobile money in many African countries. The success story of M-PESA in Kenya raised the bar further. We designed and conducted a field experiment to assess the impact of randomized mobile money dissemination in rural Mozambique. For this purpose we benefit from the fact that mobile money was only recently launched in the country, allowing for the identification of a pure control group. This paper reports on the first results of this ongoing project after the first wave of dissemination efforts in rural locations, which included the recruitment and training of mobile money agents, community meetings and theaters, as well as individual rural campaigning. Administrative and behavioral data both show clear adherence to the services in the treatment group. Financial literacy and trust outcomes are also positively affected by the treatment. We present behavioral evidence that the marginal willingness to remit was increased by the availability of mobile money. Finally, we observe a tendency for mobile money to substitute traditional alternatives for both savings and remittances.

Directed Giving: Evidence from an Inter-Household Transfer Experiment*

We investigate the determinants of giving in a lab-in-the-field experiment with large stakes. Study participants in urban Mozambique play dictator games where their counterpart is the closest person to them outside their household. Dictators share more with counterparts when they have the option of giving in kind (in the form of goods), compared to giving that must be in cash. Qualitative post-experiment responses suggest that this effect is driven by a desire to control how recipients use gifted resources. Standard economic determinants such as the rate of return to giving and the size of the endowment also affect giving, but the effects of even large changes in these determinants are significantly smaller than the effect of the in-kind option. Our results support theories of giving where the utility of givers depends on the composition (not just the level) of gift-recipient expenditures, and givers thus seek control over transferred resources.

Vitamin A Deficiency and Training to Farmers: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Mozambique

Vitamin A deficiency is a widespread public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper analyzes the impact of a food-based intervention to fight vitamin A deficiency using orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP). We conducted a randomized evaluation of OFSP-related training to female farmers in Mozambique, in which the treatment group was taught basic concepts of nutrition, and OFSP-planting and cooking skills. We found encouraging evidence of changes in behavior and attitudes towards OFSP consumption and planting, and considerable increases in nutrition-related knowledge, as well as knowledge on cooking and planting OFSP.

Migrant Remittances and Information Flows: Evidence from a Field Experiment*

Do information flows matter for remittance behavior? We design and implement a randomized control trial to quantitatively assess the role of communication between migrants and their contacts abroad on the extent and value of remittance flows. In the experiment, a random sample of 1,500 migrants residing in Ireland was offered the possibility of contacting their networks outside the host country for free over a varying number of months. We find a sizable, positive impact of our intervention on the value of migrant remittances sent. Our results exclude that the remittance effect we identify is a simple substitution effect. Instead, our analysis points to this effect being a likely result of improved information via factors such as better migrant control over remittance use, enhanced trust in remittance channels due to experience sharing, or increased remittance recipients’ social pressure on migrants.

Vitamin A deficiency and training to farmers: Evidence from a field experiment in Mozambique

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Italian interlocking directorates: structure, evolution and cross-country comparisons

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Corruption and Education: Empirical evidence from cross-country micro-data

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

The stone and the cross. Indo-Portuguese Jesuit Architecture in Ethiopia. 1603-33

A fundação de uma missão jesuita no Norte da Etiópia em 1603, na província do Tigré, pelo enérgico Pe. Pero Pais, S. J. teólogo, construtor e historiador vindo de Goa, tomou um forte impulso com a aliança pretendida com os Portugueses pelo imperador Susénios (1619-20) para o apoio militar contra os muçulmanos; e, sobretudo, após a sua conversão oficial à Igreja Católica Romana, em 1626. Uma dúzia de inovadores edifícios foram então construídos pelos Jesuítas na região paradisíaca em torno do Lago Tana: basílicas, igrejas, palácios e jardins, complexos palatinos e eclesiásticos, colégios, etc. A tipologia em cruz latina e ornatos incisos é deliberadamente diferente das igrejas ortodoxas etíopes, circulares e em madeira. A técnica de construção em pedra e cal, ignorada na Etiópia, significou uma revolução. No presente texto procura-se determinar a quem deve ser atribuído este inédito surto construtivo, deixando de lado as teorias tradicionais de pedreiros vindos de Portugal ou de construtores locais. Com base na evidência estilística e em referências de textos da época, atribui-se a inovação a padres e “irmãos” jesuitas com experiência de arquitectos na Índia portuguesa e a construtores de Goa e de Diu, definindo a arte portuguesa na Etiópia como uma província da arquitectura indo-portuguesa na Índia, prosseguida após a expulsão dos Jesuítas (1633) com os “castelos portugueses”, ou paços acastelados da nova capital, Gondar.

Assembly and function of a protein cross-linking enzyme during bacterial spore morphogenesis

Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis culminates with the formation of a dormant endospore. The endospore (or spore) is one of the most resilient cell types known and can remain viable in the environment for extended periods of time. Contributing to the spore’s resistance and its ability to interact with and monitor its immediate environment is the coat, the outermost layer of B. subtilis spores. The coat is composed by over 70 different proteins, which are produced at different stages in sporulation and orderly assembled around the developing spore.(...)

Absence of experimental cross-protection induced by a Trypanosoma cruzi-like strain isolated from bats

This study evaluated the possibility of inoculation and reinoculation with a trypanosomatid isolated from bats that is morphologically, biologically and molecularly similar to Trypanosoma cruzi, to protect against infection by virulent strains. Non-isogenic mice were divided into 24 groups that received from zero to three inoculations of Trypanosoma cruzi-like strain RM1, in the presence or absence of Freund's adjuvant, and were challenged with the VIC or JG strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitemia and survival were monitored and animals were sacrificed for histopathological analysis. Animals immunized with Trypanosoma cruzi-like strain RM1 presented decreased parasitemia, independently of the number of inoculations or the presence of adjuvant. In spite of this reduction, these animals did not present any protection against histopathological lesions. Severe eosinophilic infiltrate was observed and was correlated with the number of inoculations of Trypanosoma cruzi-like strain RM1. These findings suggest that prior inoculation with this strain did not protect against infection but, rather, aggravated the tissue inflammatory process.

Exploring deregulated signals involved in motor neuron-microglia cross-talk in ALS

Part of the results discussed in this thesis was presented in the following meetings: Cunha MI, Cunha C, Vaz AR, Brites D. Studying microglial-motoneuron cross-talk in ALS pathology. 6th iMed.UL Postgraduate Students Meeting, Lisbon, July 2, 2014. [Abstract and Poster] Vaz AR. Motoneuron degeneration and glial reactivity in ALS: insights from cellular to animal models. Neuroscience Seminars at IMM 2012, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, June 9, 2014. [Oral Communication (by invitation)]

Mechanical characterization of aortas using 2D ultrasound elastography

Rupture of aortic aneurysms (AA) is a major cause of death in the Western world. Currently, clinical decision upon surgical intervention is based on the diameter of the aneurysm. However, this method is not fully adequate. Noninvasive assessment of the elastic properties of the arterial wall can be a better predictor for AA growth and rupture risk. The purpose of this study is to estimate mechanical properties of the aortic wall using in vitro inflation testing and 2D ultrasound (US) elastography, and investigate the performance of the proposed methodology for physiological conditions. Two different inflation experiments were performed on twelve porcine aortas: 1) a static experiment for a large pressure range (0 – 140 mmHg); 2) a dynamic experiment closely mimicking the in vivo hemodynamics at physiological pressures (70 – 130 mmHg). 2D raw radiofrequency (RF) US datasets were acquired for one longitudinal and two cross-sectional imaging planes, for both experiments. The RF-data were manually segmented and a 2D vessel wall displacement tracking algorithm was applied to obtain the aortic diameter–time behavior. The shear modulus G was estimated assuming a Neo-Hookean material model. In addition, an incremental study based on the static data was performed to: 1) investigate the changes in G for increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP), for a certain pressure difference (30, 40, 50 and 60 mmHg); 2) compare the results with those from the dynamic experiment, for the same pressure range. The resulting shear modulus G was 94 ± 16 kPa for the static experiment, which is in agreement with literature. A linear dependency on MAP was found for G, yet the effect of the pressure difference was negligible. The dynamic data revealed a G of 250 ± 20 kPa. For the same pressure range, the incremental shear modulus (Ginc) was 240 ± 39 kPa, which is in agreement with the former. In general, for all experiments, no significant differences in the values of G were found between different image planes. This study shows that 2D US elastography of aortas during inflation testing is feasible under controlled and physiological circumstances. In future studies, the in vivo, dynamic experiment should be repeated for a range of MAPs and pathological vessels should be examined. Furthermore, the use of more complex material models needs to be considered to describe the non-linear behavior of the vascular tissue.