Comportamentos de saúde e doença numa comunidade Cabo-Verdiana em Lisboa

This study aims at analysing, through personal reports, the way individuals behave in terms of health and illness. A comparative analysis of the collected data was performed, with the purpose of highlighting divergences in the health and illness practices. The study was undertaken with a sample of 40 «first generation» Cape Verdeans living in the Metropolitan area of Lisbon, divided into distinct groups: social (popular and elite), generation (younger and older) and gender (men and women). A qualitative methodology was employed, by conducting semi-structured interviews for the collection of information. The health and illness practices were grouped into preventive and health care practices, practices used in episodes of illness, resources used for prevention and treatment, use of home remedies, and other alternative resources. Individuals who are part of our study experimented, at the level of practices, with the three health systems that existed in Cape Verde, namely, the official, popular and traditional, and recourse to religion. The discourse analysis concerning health and disease practices showed there are differences, in some respects, between social groups. There were also slight differences between genders and generations. These immigrants’ health practices are identical to those of the Portuguese who are in similar socioeconomic contexts, with no significant effects of immigration itself on these practices. The analysis of the results confirms the existence of differences between social groups concerning the health and illness practices. They were more determined by the socioeconomic factors than by the cultural and ethnic aspects. Those differences also highlighted the existence of a unifying aspect, resulting from their cultural heritage. Although belonging to different social groups, the existence of a common culture and ethnic identity originates a shared feeling of cultural belonging, but not identical behaviours and practices.

Lidar com a doença mental : a pluralidade de sistemas de cuidados e de itinerários terapêuticos : análise comparativa de dois estudos efectuados junto de duas populações residentes em Portugal

Several studies point to the plurality of care systems to deal with illness. They can be organized into professional, popular and alternative systems (the latter includes the complementary and the traditional ones). What the particular setup is in each cultural system is the core question of both the empirical studies we report. The purpose of this article is to understand how lay people deal with mental illness, examining the therapeutic itineraries that are constructed between plural care systems, featuring in particular the use of traditional medicine. The analysis of the two studies (one carried out in the north region and the other in Lisbon) allowed us to interpret these practices and discuss the social and cultural factors that determine and explain the settings that were found. Both researches fit into a qualitative methodology. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed and were analyzed using discourse analysis to describe and interpret data. The results point to a plurality of therapeutic itineraries, built around public and private speeches, where the explanatory systems underlying the use of official medicine and/or traditional practices found plural meanings. People may use these systems in several forms, using one or combining more than one, simultaneously or sequentially, depending on the context and on the needs they feel to face both illness and mental suffering. It is in between the space of the impotence and ‘incompetence’ of the ‘wise’ medicine that other therapeutic systems develop. It is important to understand those systems because of their achievements and their heuristic power to explain society and culture.

Comportamentos de saúde e doença numa comunidade Cabo-Verdiana em Lisboa

O objetivo foi compreender como os indivíduos se comportam em termos de saúde e o que fazem em caso de doença. Análise comparativa realçou semelhanças e divergências de práticas de saúde ou em caso de doença. O estudo foi efetuado numa amostra de 40 cabo-verdianos da primeira geração residentes na região de Lisboa, dividida em subgrupos: grupo social, geração e genero. Baseou-se em metodologia qualitativa com entrevistas semi-estruturadas. As práticas analisadas foram agrupadas em preventivas e de saúde, práticas utilizadas em episódios de doença, recursos para prevenção e tratamento, utilização de remédios caseiros e outros recursos ou terapeutas. Indivíduos experimentaram, ao nível das práticas, três sistemas de saúde que coexistiam em Cabo Verde, oficial, popular e tradicional e o recurso à religião. O discurso acerca das práticas de saúde e de doença demonstrou existirem diferenças, em alguns aspectos, entre grupos sociais e entre generos e gerações. Práticas de saúde destes imigrantes são idênticas às dos portugueses em contextos socioeconomicos semelhantes. Resultados sugerem existência de diferenças entre grupos sociais relativamente às práticas, na esfera da saúde e da doença. Mais que cultura e etnicidade, que se moldam às condições materiais de existência, neste estudo, o nível socioeconomico determinou as maiores diferenças a interferir nas práticas de saúde e doença, de grupo com cultura de base comum. Em geral, os indivíduos sobrevalorizaram sua identidade étnica e cultura de origem. Pertencimento a grupos sociais diferentes dá origem a partilha do sentimento de pertença cultural, mas não a comportamentos e práticas idênticos.

Selonteot ja oman toiminnan ymmärrettäväksi tekeminen

Summary: Accounts and making sense of action

Jäsenkategorisoinnin analyysi kulttuurisena metodina

Summary: Membership categorization device as a cultural method

The emergence of forensic nursing and advanced nursing practice in Switzerland: an innovative case study consultation.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The objectives of this article were to systematically describe and examine the novel roles and responsibilities assumed by nurses in a forensic consultation for victims of violence at a University Hospital in French-speaking Switzerland. Utilizing a case study methodology, information was collected from two main sources: (a) discussion groups with nurses and forensic pathologists and (b) a review of procedures and protocols. Following a critical content analysis, the roles and responsibilities of the forensic nurses were described and compared with the seven core competencies of advanced nursing practice as outlined by Hamric, Spross, and Hanson (2009). RESULTS: Advanced nursing practice competencies noted in the analysis included "direct clinical practice," "coaching and guidance," and "collaboration." The role of the nurse in terms of "consultation," "leadership," "ethics," and "research" was less evident in the analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: New forms of nursing are indeed practiced in the forensic clinical setting, and our findings suggest that nursing practice in this domain is following the footprints of an advanced nursing practice model. Further reflections are required to determine whether the role of the forensic nurse in Switzerland should be developed as a clinical nurse specialist or that of a nurse practitioner.

Uses of also in oral semi-informal German

In recent grammars and dictionaries also (`therefore, so, well¿) continues to be preferably presented as an adverb with a conclusive-consecutive connective function that essentially corresponds to its use in formal written German. Its function as a modal particle is documented, however, since the beginnings of what is known as Partikelforschung, though not all its uses have been systematically investigated contrasting oral and written German, either in mode or concept. In this article we analyse the uses of also in semi-informal oral interactions on the basis of empirical data (from a subsample of the VARCOM corpus). Specifically, we will analyse the presence and frequency of also at the beginning of a sentence or sequence, the functions it serves as a logical-semantic connector or discourse and interaction marker and the interrelations between these functions, in order to contrast these results with the description of also provided by current reference works.

Aprenentatge intercultural i competencia discursiva: entrevista a Clarie Kramsch

La Sra. Claire Kramsch, fins ara professora del Masachussets Institute of Technology, als Estats Units i actualment de la Universitat de Cornell, va ser convidada pel Departament de Didactica de la llengua i la Literatura a impartir un seminari sobre "Comunicació i interacció a la classe de llengua" i una conferéncia sobre l'aprenentatge del discurs intercultural, al mes de maig de 1989, de retorn deis " Etats Géneraux des Langues" de París, on hi presenta una ponéncia sobre l'avaluació.

Aproximación al análisis textual informatizado

Este articulo pretende acercar al lector conocedor del análisis textual clásico, como el análisis de contenido, a alguna de las técnicas mas recientes de análisis textual mediante programas informáticos. Para cada una de ellas se facilitan unas minimas bases teóricas, información sobre el tipo de material verbal adecuado para ser analizado, el tipo de cuantificación del texto utilizado por el programa, los indices calculados y finalmente la utilidad y aplicación de dichos indices. En todos los casos, y para facilitar la comprensión, se ofrecen datos sobre investigaciones en las que se ha aplicado dicha técnica. Se hace referencia a la lexicometria, la lexicometria cronológica, al análisis factorial de correspondencias de Benzecri (1974), al análisis de correspondencias de protocolos verbales, y al sistema.

Se_nos gener@ mujeres La construcción discursiva del pecho femenino en el ámbito médico

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el impacto de los mandatos de género en los cuerpos de las mujeres en el contexto biomédico. Exploramos cómo se construye discursivamente la mamoplastia en tres grupos de mujeres: que han padecido cáncer de pecho, trans y que se intervienen por motivos estéticos. Mediante el análisis del discurso estudiamos cómo profesionales de la salud especialistas en los tres casos elaboran la distinción entre ellos, cómo otorgan diferentes grados de legitimidad a la demanda y cómo justifican si su coste se debe cubrir públicamente. Resultado de este análisis detectamos que se establecen dos fronteras entre los cuerpos susceptibles de recibir esta intervención: una relativa a la necesidad y otra a la legitimidad de la demanda.

The Emergence of Forensic Nursing and Advanced Nursing Practice in Switzerland: An Innovative Case Study Consultation.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS:: The objectives of this article were to systematically describe and examine the novel roles and responsibilities assumed by nurses in a forensic consultation for victims of violence at a University Hospital in French-speaking Switzerland. Utilizing a case study methodology, information was collected from two main sources: (a) discussion groups with nurses and forensic pathologists and (b) a review of procedures and protocols. Following a critical content analysis, the roles and responsibilities of the forensic nurses were described and compared with the seven core competencies of advanced nursing practice as outlined by Hamric, Spross, and Hanson (2009). RESULTS:: Advanced nursing practice competencies noted in the analysis included "direct clinical practice," "coaching and guidance," and "collaboration." The role of the nurse in terms of "consultation," "leadership," "ethics," and "research" was less evident in the analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:: New forms of nursing are indeed practiced in the forensic clinical setting, and our findings suggest that nursing practice in this domain is following the footprints of an advanced nursing practice model. Further reflections are required to determine whether the role of the forensic nurse in Switzerland should be developed as a clinical nurse specialist or that of a nurse practitioner.

El discurso escrito de la Odontología : análisis retórico discursivo de casos clínicos hispanos (1999-2005)

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar y analizar algunos rasgos retóricos discursivos de casos clínicos (CC) odontológicos. Se seleccionó, al azar, un corpus de 40 CC de cuatro revistas odontológicas hispanas (1999-2005). Se encontró que predomina el formato 'introducción, descripción del caso , discusión', siendo la 'descripción del caso' la sección distintiva. Prevalecen las secuencias narrativas y descriptivas en todas las secciones retóricas. Además,hay muy pocas citas, aparecen esencialmente en la 'introcucción' y en la 'discusión' . Se registró el uso de atenuantes en las distintas secciones retóricas del CC: predominó el uso de impersonales, empleados para ocultar el agente de la acción, y aproximadores, para expresar impresión, variabilidad y honestidad. En cuanto al posicionamiento, predominaron el impersonal y plural mayestático. Se concluye que pese a la variabilidad retórica discursiva, el corpus analizado podría definirse como un género discursivo, descriptivo, narrativo e impersonal. El CC es un género importante para las distintas sub-especialidades odontológicas; por lo tanto, los resultados tienen aplicaciones didácticas para la enseñanza del discurso odontológico. Incorporar el CC al currículum de odontología permitiría al estudiante desarrollar las competencias para producir, comprender y publicar este género