Aplicação de mapas auto-organizáveis na classificação de padrões de escoamento bifásico

O escoamento bifásico de gás-líquido é encontrado em muitos circuitos fechados que utilizam circulação natural para fins de resfriamento. O fenômeno da circulação natural é importante nos recentes projetos de centrais nucleares para a remoção de calor. O circuito de circulação natural (Circuito de Circulação Natural - CCN), instalado no Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN / CNEN, é um circuito experimento concebido para fornecer dados termo-hidráulicos relacionados com escoamento monofásico ou bifásico em condições de circulação natural. A estimativa de transferência de calor tem sido melhorada com base em modelos que requerem uma previsão precisa de transições de padrão de escoamento. Este trabalho apresenta testes experimentais desenvolvidos no CCN para a visualização dos fenômenos de instabilidade em ciclos de circulação natural básica e classificar os padrões de escoamento bifásico associados aos transientes e instabilidades estáticas de escoamento. As imagens são comparadas e agrupadas utilizando mapas auto-organizáveis de Kohonen (SOM), aplicados em diferentes características da imagem digital. Coeficientes da Transformada Discreta de Cossenos de Quadro Completo (FFDCT) foram utilizados como entrada para a tarefa de classificação, levando a bons resultados. Os protótipos de FFDCT obtidos podem ser associados a cada padrão de escoamento possibilitando uma melhor compreensão da instabilidade observada. Uma metodologia sistemática foi utilizada para verificar a robustez do método.

Bulgarian-Russian games in the energy sector: an outcome is getting closer. OSW Commentary No. 61, 2011-10-5

Bulgaria and Russia are entering the final phase of setting the conditions of their co-operation in the energy sector. A new gas contract is being negotiated because the currently applicable agreements will have expired by the end of 2012. The fate of two major energy projects – whose implementation depends on good co-operation between Sofia and Moscow: the Burgas– –Alexandroupolis oil pipeline and the construction of a Bulgarian nuclear power plant in Belene with Russian participation – is currently being decided. Another issue ever-present on the agenda is the future of the South Stream gas pipeline promoted by Russia, which is to run through Bulgarian territory. The outcome of all the aforementioned discussions and negotiations will determine for years the model of Bulgarian-Russian relations and may strongly affect the shape of the oil, gas and electricity markets in South-Eastern Europe.

The shadow of Chornobyl. Ukraine thirty years after the disaster. OSW COMMENTARY NUMBER 210/22.04.2016

Thirty years after the Chornobyl nuclear power plant disaster, its aftermath and consequences are still a permanent element of the economic, environmental and social situation of Ukraine, Belarus and some regions of Russia. Ukraine, to which the scope of this text is limited, experienced the most severe shock because, among other factors, the plant where the accident took place was located just 100 km away from Kyiv. Its consequences have affected the course of political developments in the country, and have become part of the newly-shaped national identity of independent Ukraine. The country bore the huge cost of the clean-up effort but did not give up on nuclear energy, and today nuclear power plants generate more than half of its electricity. The system of social benefits for people recognised as disaster survivors, which was put in place by the Soviet government, has become a huge burden on the country’s budget; if implemented fully, it would account for more than 10% of total public spending, and is therefore being implemented to only a partial extent. This system has reinforced the Ukrainian people’s sense of helplessness and dependence on the state. The disaster has also become part of the ‘victim nation’ blueprint of the Ukrainian national myth, which it has further solidified. The technological and environmental consequences of the disaster, and hence also its economic costs, will persist for centuries, while the social consequences will dissipate as the affected generation passes away. In any case, Chornobyl will remain an important part of the life of the Ukrainian state and society.

Sweet's engineering catalogue.

Compiled and edited by: -1922, Sweet's Catalogue Service.

Response of Enrico Fermi reactor to TNT simulated nuclear accidents /

"Published January 1964."--i.

Distribution and use of electricity,

On cover: Power plant engineering handbook.

Bailly Generating Station Nuclear 1 : Northern Indiana Public Service Company /

Includes list of indexes issued.

State energy policy hearings

Hearings held in Sacramento, Feb. 15-Mar. 9, 1973

Diesel engineering handbook.

Earlier editions published under titles: Oil engine power plant handbook and Diesel power plant handbook.

NRC plan for cleanup operations at Three Mile Island Unit 2 /

"NUREG-0698."

Yellow Creek Nuclear Plants : socioeconomic monitoring and mitigation report.

"YNCP-SMR-1."

A study of the airplane crash hazard at the PRDC site /

"Study prepared for Prof. W. McGuire, Cornell University."

Rural electric generating and transmission cooperative Clinton impact study /

"ILENR/RE-SP-87/03."

Unearthed artifact, Figurines

Henan. Luoyang. Xin'an Power Plant; Hts: 3 11/32 in. to 3 ft. 1 13/32 in.; bronze

Factory management course and service : a series of interlocking text books written for the Industrial extension institute by factory managers and consulting engineers.

v. 1. The factory buildings / W. L. Case -- v. 8. The power plant / D. M. Myers. [c1920] -- v. 9. The mechanical equipment / J. W. Roe. [c1922]