Bicarbonato ingestion has no ergogenic effect on consecutive all out sprint test in MWX elite cyclists

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on consecutive "all out" sprint tests, analyzing the acid-base status and its influence on performance and perceived effort. Ten elite bicycle motocross (BMX) riders (20.7 ± 1.4 years, training experience 8-12 years) participated in this study which consisted of two trials. Each trial consisted of three consecutive Wingate tests (WTs) separated by 15 min recovery. Ninety minutes prior to exercise subjects ingested either NaHCO(3) (-) (0.3 g kg(-1) body weight) or placebo. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of blood acid-base status: bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(3) (-)]), pH, base excess (BE) and blood lactate concentration ([La(-)]). Performance variables of peak power (PP), mean power (MP), time to peak power and fatigue index were calculated for each sprint. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in acid-base variables [pH before WT1: 7.47 ± 0.05 vs. 7.41 ± 0.03; [HCO(3) (-)] before WT1: 29.08 ± 2.27 vs. 22.85 ± 0.24 mmol L(-1) (bicarbonate vs. placebo conditions, respectively)], but there were not significant differences in performance variables between trials [PP WT1: 1,610 ± 373 vs. 1,599 ± 370 W; PP WT2: 1,548 ± 460 vs. 1,570 ± 428 W; PP WT3: 1,463 ± 361 vs. 1,519 ± 364 W. MP WT1: 809 ± 113 vs. 812 ± 108 W; MP WT2: 799 ± 135 vs. 799 ± 124 W; MP WT3: 762 ± 165 vs. 782 ± 118 W (bicarbonate vs. placebo conditions, respectively)]. Rating of perceived effort (RPE) was not influenced nor ratings of perceived readiness. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion modified significantly the blood acid-base balance, although the induced alkalosis did not improve the Wingate test performance, RPE and perceived readiness across three consecutive WTs in elite BMX cyclists.

Validation of a Dumbbell Body Sway Test in Olympic Air Pistol Shooting

We present and validate a test able to provide reliable body sway measurements in air pistol shooting, without the use of a gun. 46 senior male pistol shooters who participated in Spanish air pistol championships participated in the study. Body sway data of two static bipodal balance tests have been compared: during the first test, shooting was simulated by use of a dumbbell, while during the second test the shooters own pistol was used. Both tests were performed the day previous to the competition, during the official training time and at the training stands to simulate competition conditions. The participants performance was determined as the total score of 60 shots at competition. Apart from the commonly used variables that refer to movements of the shooters centre of pressure (COP), such as COP displacements on the X and Y axes, maximum and average COP velocities and total COP area, the present analysis also included variables that provide information regarding the axes of the COP ellipse (length and angle in respect to X). A strong statistically significant correlation between the two tests was found (with an interclass correlation varying between 0.59 and 0.92). A statistically significant inverse linear correlation was also found between performance and COP movements. The study concludes that dumbbell tests are perfectly valid for measuring body sway by simulating pistol shooting.

Barreras para la práctica de actividad física y deportiva en las personas adultas de la Comunidad de Madrid. Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento

El propósito de este estudio fue la construcción y validación de un instrumento de medición de barreras a la práctica de la actividad física y deportiva por parte de las personas adultas desde la teoría ecológico social y analizar la presencia de las diferentes barreras así como las innovaciones y alternativas de conciliación a las barreras relacionadas con el empleo, el cuidado de hijos e hijas y las tareas del hogar, identificando las posibles diferencias existentes en función del género y del tipo de demanda en la población adulta de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se ha realizado un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal en una muestra representativa de la población residente en la Comunidad de Madrid entre 30 y 64 años. El tipo de muestreo fue probabilístico, de tipo polietápico según tamaño demográfico de municipio y género, con un margen de error del ± 5,27% y un intervalo de confianza del 95,5%. El tamaño de la muestra final fue de 360 personas (50,3% mujeres, 49,7% hombres), quienes completaron un cuestionario estructurado mediante entrevista personal cara a cara en su domicilio entre octubre y diciembre de 2011, que incluía una escala de barreras específica, así como sub-cuestionarios de innovaciones y alternativas de conciliación vinculados a los tres ítems relacionados con el empleo, cuidado de hijos e hijas y hogar de la escala de barreras. La escala de barreras fue completada por las personas practicantes de actividad física y deportiva que deseaban realizar otra actividad, es decir, por la Demanda Establecida, así como por las personas no practicantes pero deseosas de hacerlo o Demanda Latente, y las personas no practicantes no interesadas en practicar o Demanda Ausente (n=246). Las personas que alcanzaron elevadas puntuaciones en los tres ítems de la escala de barreras vinculados al empleo, cuidado de hijos e hijas y hogar, completaron sub-cuestionarios específicos de innovaciones y alternativas de conciliación vinculados a estas barreras. Para el estudio métrico de los ítems y la dimesionalidad de la escala de barreras se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos de los ítems, análisis correlacionales y análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE). Como resultado se obtuvo una escala de barreras constituida por 13 ítems que explicaron el 59,1% de la variabilidad total de los datos, agrupados en cuatro dimensiones denominadas: Barreras Interpersonales (2 ítems), Barreras Individuales (4 ítems), Barreras Comunidad-Institucionales (4 ítems) y Barreras Obligaciones-Tiempo (3 ítems). Los datos de la escala de barreras y los sub-cuestionarios de innovaciones y alternativas de conciliación fueron analizados con el SPSS v. 18. Para la comparación de variables cuantitativas y ordinales se utilizaron ANOVAS de dos factores (género por tipo de demanda), el tamaño del efecto para esta prueba se cuantificó mediante eta cuadrado. Los resultados se expresaron como porcentajes para las variables nominales y como medias y desviaciones típicas para las variables ordinales y cuantitativas. El nivel de riesgo se fijó en 0,05. El instrumento presentó una fiabilidad aceptable (α=0,58) en consonancia con el modelo ecológico social presentando dimensiones que explicaron los niveles de influencia de las diferentes esferas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron avalar tanto la adecuación de las propiedades psicométricas de los ítems, así como la validez y fiabilidad de la escala de barreras para la práctica de actividad física y deportiva. Los distintos análisis realizados han aportado evidencia de la validez de una estructura de cuatro dimensiones acorde a los planteamientos teóricos previos de los modelos ecológicos sociales. En la dimensión barreras Individuales se identificaron diferencias según el tipo de demanda (F2,237=40,28; p<0,001; η2=0,25) y el género (F1,237=8,72; p<0,01; η2=0,84). En la dimensión barreras Interpersonales se identificaron diferencias de género (F1,239 =14,9; p<0,01; η2=0,06) pero no entre demandas (F2,239=2,35; p>0,05; 1-β=0,47). En la dimensión Barreras Obligaciones-Tiempo se identificaron diferencias en función del tipo de demanda (F2,239=3,88; p<0,05; η2=0,03) sin presentar diferencias entre hombres y mujeres (F1,239=1,06; p>0,05; 1-β=0,18). Por último, en la dimensión Comunidad Institucionales, se identificaron diferencias en función del tipo de demanda (F2,240=5,69; p<0,01; η2=0,045) y no hubo diferencias en función del género (F1,240=0,65; p>0,05; 1-β=0,13). Las innovaciones y alternativas de conciliación relacionadas con el empleo más valoradas fueron la de flexibilidad en los horarios de trabajo y adecuación de horarios; las más valoradas relacionadas con la barrera cuidado de hijos fueron que en la instalación deportiva se ofertaran actividades físicas conjuntas, en las en las que pudiesen participar madres e hijos y que la instalación deportiva ofreciera, en el mismo horario, actividades para ellos y sus hijos, y, por último, las más valoradas en relación con las tareas del hogar, una mayor implicación de la pareja seguida por una mayor implicación de los hijos. ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to build and validate an instrument to measure the barriers of adult people to the practice of sport and physical activities from the perspective of the social-ecological theory, analyse the presence of the different barriers, as well as the innovations and alternatives regarding conciliation with work and the care of children and home as barriers, identifying the possible differences that exist based on gender and the type of demand of the adult population within the Community of Madrid. For this, a quantitative, descriptive and transversal study was carried out on a representative sample of the resident population of the Community of Madrid, ages ranging from 30 to 64 years old. Given that is an infinite or very large population, and working with an interval of confidence of the 95,5%, and assuming in the population variance, the worst case of p equal to q, the margin of sampling error was ± 5,27. The sample consisted of 360 people (50,3% women, 49,7% men), who completed a questionnaire during face-to-face personal interviews between October and December 2011. The questionnaire included a scale of specific barriers, as well as sub-questionnaires on the innovations and alternatives linked to the three items regarding work, the care of children and home of the barriers scale. The barriers scale was completed by people who practice physical and sport activities and wanted to do other activities, i.e. by the Established Demand; by people who do not practice these activities but would like to do so, i.e. Latent Demand; and by people who do not practice these activities and have no desire to do so, i.e. Absent Demand (n=246). The people who peaked on the three items of the barriers scale regarding work, the care of children and home, then completed specific sub-questionnaires on the innovations and alternatives for conciliation related to these barriers. The metric study of the items and the dimensionality of the barriers scale was carried out through descriptive analyses of the items, as well as correlation analyses and exploratory factor analyses (EFA). This resulted in a barriers scale composed of 13 items that explained 59,1% of the total variability of the data, grouped in four dimensions as follows: Interpersonal Barriers (2 items), Individual Barriers (4 items), Community-Institutional Barriers (4 items) and Obligations-Time Barriers (3 items). The data obtained from the barriers scale and sub-questionnaires on the innovations and alternatives for conciliation were analyzed using software SPSS v. 18. Two-way ANOVA (gender by type of demand) was used for the comparison of quantitative and ordinal variables, and the effect size for this test was quantified with eta squared. The results were expressed as percentages for nominal variables, and as means and standard deviations for quantitative and ordinal variables. The level of risk was set at 0,05. The instrument showed an acceptable reliability (α=0,58) in line with the social-ecological model, providing dimensions that explained the influence levels of the different spheres. The results obtained establish both the adaptation of the psychometric properties of the items, and the validity and reliability of the barriers scale for the practice of physical and sport activities. The different analyses have supported the validity of a four-dimensional structure consistent with the previous theoretical approaches on the social-ecological models, while showing adequate statistical indices. The differences identified in the Individual Barriers dimension were based on the type of demand (F2,237=40,28; p<0,001; η2=0,25) and gender (F1,237=8,72; p<0,01; η2=0,84). The differences identified in the Interpersonal Barriers dimension were based on gender (F1,239 =14,9; p<0,01; η2=0,06) but not on demand (F2,239=2,35; p>0,05; 1-β=0,47). The differences identified for the Obligations-Time Barriers dimension were based on the type of demand (F2,239=3,88; p<0,05; η2=0,03) and did not show differences between men and women (F1,239=1,06; p>0,05; 1-β=0,18). Finally, the differences identified for the Community-Institutional Barriers dimension were based on the type of demand (F2,240=5,69; p<0,01; η2=0,045) and provided no differences based on gender (F1,240=0,65; p>,05; 1-β=0,13). The most valued innovations and alternatives for conciliation regarding work were the adaptation and flexibility of working hours and timetables; the most valued related to the care of children were the offer of joint activities for adults and children in sport centres, as well as separate activities within the same timetable; and, finally, the most valued regarding the home was a higher degree of participation and involvement on the part of the spouse or partner, followed by a higher degree of participation and involvement on the part of the children.

Search for the pathogenesis of the differing phenotype in two compound heterozygote Hungarian brothers with the same genotypic triosephosphate isomerase deficiency

In a Hungarian family with triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency, two compound heterozygote brothers were found with the same severe decrease in TPI activity, but only one of them had the classical symptoms. In search for the pathogenesis of the differing phenotype of the same genotypic TPI deficiency, an increase in red cell membrane fluidity was found. There were roughly 100% and 30% more 16:0/20:4 and 18:0/20:4 diacyl-phosphatidylcholine species in erythrocytes from the two TPI-deficient brothers than in the probes from healthy controls. The activities of acethylcholinesterase and calmodulin induced Ca2+ ATPase were significantly enhanced in erythrocytes from the propositus as compared with those of the neurologically symptom-free brother and other members of the TPI-deficient family as well as to those from healthy controls. Both enzymes are crucially involved in the function of nerve cells. The observed differences in membrane fluidity and enzyme activities between the erythrocytes from the phenotypically differing TPI-deficient brothers underline the importance of investigations into the effect of biophysical changes in the lipid environment of the membrane proteins on the development of disseminated focal neurological disorders of unknown pathogenic origin.

Efeito do treinamento físico associado a um programa de perda de peso no controle clínico e nos fatores de saúde relacionados à qualidade de vida em asmáticos obesos

Introdução: O fenótipo asma-obeso caracteriza-se por uma asma mais grave, no qual o controle clínico é mais difícil de ser alcançado, mesmo sob terapia medicamentosa otimizada. A cirurgia bariátrica tem sido recomendada para perda de peso e melhora dos sintomas, porém os benefícios de intervenções não-cirúrgicas têm sido pouco estudados. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico associado a um programa de perda de peso no controle clínico da asma, qualidade de vida e sintomas psicossociais em asmáticos obesos. Métodos: 55 pacientes com asma moderada a grave e obesidade grau II (IMC >= 35 e < 39.9 kg/m2) foram alocados em 2 grupos: programa de perda de peso + placebo (PP+P) ou programa de perda de peso + exercícios (PP+E), sendo que o programa de perda de peso incluiu terapia nutricional e psicológica (12 sessões semanais de 60 minutos cada). O grupo PP+E associou exercícios aeróbios e resistidos programa de perda de peso, enquanto o grupo PP+P associou exercícios placebo (respiratórios e alongamentos), 2xvezes/semana, 60 minutos/sessão durante 3 meses. Antes e após as intervenções, foram avaliados o controle clínico da asma, os fatores de saúde relacionados a qualidade de vida (FSRQV), a capacidade física, a composição corporal, os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, a qualidade do sono, a função pulmonar e as inflamações das vias aéreas e sistêmica. A comparação dos dados contínuos entre os grupos foi realizada por ANOVA de dois fatores com medidas repetidas e das variáveis categóricas pelo teste qui-quadrado. A correlação linear e a regressão linear múltipla foram utilizadas para avaliar associações entre as variáveis avaliadas. Resultados: Foram analisados os resultados de 51 pacientes que foram reavaliados. Comparado com o grupo PP+P, os pacientes que realizaram exercício apresentaram melhora no controle clínico da asma (- 0,7 [-1,3 - -0,3] vs. -0,3 [-0,9 - 0,4] escore ACQ; p=0,01) e nos FSRQV (0,8 [0,3 -2,0] vs. 0,4 [-0,3 - 0,9] escore AQLQ; p=0,02), respectivamente. Essa melhora parece ter sido consequência do aumento do condicionamento físico (3,0 [2,4-4,0] vs. 0,9 [-0,3-1,3] mL.O2/Kg/min; p < 0,001) e da perda de peso (6,8±3,5% vs. 3,1±2,6% do peso corpóreo; p < 0,001) nos pacientes do grupo PP+E, que também apresentaram uma melhora dos sintomas de depressão, da qualidade do sono (ronco, latência e eficiência) e dos níveis séricos de vitamina D. Houve também melhora da função pulmonar (capacidade vital forçada e volume de reserva expiratório) e das inflamações das vias aéreas (FeNO) e sistêmica (CCL2, CXCL9, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-alfa, IL-10 e leptina/adiponectina), que parecem ser possíveis mecanismos associados à melhora do controle clinico da asma nos pacientes do grupo PP+E (p < 0,05 para todas variáveis apresentadas). Conclusão: A inclusão do treinamento físico em um programa de perda de peso a curto prazo deve ser considerada como uma intervenção eficiente para associar à terapia medicamentosa da asma na melhora do controle clínico em asmáticos obesos

Further investigation of traffic operations on two-lane, two-way rural highways. Research summary. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

A decision-making framework for the evaluation of climbing lanes on two-lane two-way rural roads: research summary. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Review of channelizing devices for two-lane two-way operations. Interim report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research, Development and Technology, Washington, D.C.

Performance criteria for channelizing devices used for two-lane two-way operations. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research, Development and Technology, Washington, D.C.

Assessment of the benefits of two-way center left turn lanes. Phase I: report (revised).

Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing

The works of Mr. Congreve in two volumes.

T. 1: The old bachelor ; The double dealer ; Love for love. -- T. 2: The mourning bride ; The way of the world ; The judgment of Paris ; Semele ; Poems on several occasions.

An experimental study of a reinforced concrete two-way floor slab /

Mode of access: Internet.

Elizabethan drama : in two volumes ; with introductions and notes.

Series title on spine: Harvard classics : the five foot shelf of books.

Corporate Social Media: How Two-Way Disclosure Channels Influence Investors

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Oral glucose tolerance test in children and adolescents: Positives and pitfalls

Objectives: To describe the glycaemic status (assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)) and associated comorbidities in a cohort of Australian children and adolescents at risk of insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis (IGH). Methods: Twenty-one children and adolescents (three male, 18 female) (18 Caucasian, one Indigenous, two Asian) (20 obese, one lipodystrophy) referred to the Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic underwent a 2-h OGTT with plasma glucose and insulin measured at baseline, + 60 and + 120 min. If abnormal, the OGTT was repeated. Results: The mean (SD) age was 14.2 (1.6) years, BMI 38.8 (7.0) kg/m(2) and BMI-SDS 3.6 (0.6). Fourteen patients had fasting insulin levels >21 mU/L. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in one patient, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in four patients and impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) in one patient. Despite no weight loss, only one patient had a persistently abnormal OGTT on repeat testing. Three patients with IGH were medicated with risperidone at the time of the initial OGTT. One patient who had persistent IGT had continued risperidone. The other two patients had initial OGTT results of IGT and diabetes mellitus type 2. They both ceased risperidone between tests and repeat OGTT showed normal glycaemic status. Conclusions: Use of fasting glucose alone may miss cases of IGH. Diagnosis of IGT should not be made on one test alone. Interpretation of glucose and insulin responses in young people is limited by lack of normative data. Larger studies are needed to generate Australian screening recommendations. Further assessment of the potential adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic medication on glucose homeostasis in this at-risk group is important.