Shallow water tidal constituents in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea from a numerical adjoint model with TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data

A numerical adjoint model with TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimeter data was set up to investigate the shallow water tidal constituents in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Shallow water tidal constituents W-4, MS4 and M-6) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea were first extracted from nearly 10 years of T/P data and then assimilated into a nonlinear barotropic tidal model by using adjoint method in order to fully describe the tides in this area. The general patterns of M-4 and MS4 solutions were in good agreement with those of Kang et al. (Cont. Shelf. Res. IS (1998) 739.) and Lefevre et al., (J. Geophys. Res. 105 (2000) 8707.). The RMS values for the principal constituents and coastal constituents were obviously less than those calculated by Kang et al. (1998) and Lefevre et al. (2000). It was shown that the calculated tidal constituents charts obtained in the present study were more accurate than those in other models. In the future the model will be applied to other coastal areas and some semi-enclosed seas. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

黄海冷水团及邻近海域小型底栖动物多样性及其环境效应

2007年夏季对黄海冷水团及邻近海域共48个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了科考研究。所调查站位的小型底栖动物平均丰度达2194 ± 1598 inds./10cm2，其中北黄海17个站位平均丰度为3408 ± 1578 inds./10cm2，南黄海31个站位平均丰度为1529 ± 1121 inds./10cm2。调查站位平均生物量为1839 ± 1289 g dwt/10cm2，其中北黄海站位平均生物量为2760 ± 1340g dwt/10cm2，南黄海平均生物量为1335 ± 902g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共18个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，达总量的88%，且在南（88.3%）、北黄海（87.7%）基本无差异。在生物量上，同样以自由生线虫贡献最多（42％），多毛类居次（22%），其他生物量较多的还有桡足类（13%）和甲壳类幼体（12%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物占79%，次表层2-5cm占17%，最底层5-8cm仅占4%。统计分析表明研究站位小型底栖动物丰度和生物量与沉积物叶绿素a、有机质含量、中值粒径显著或极显著正相关，与水深呈极显著负相关，此外小型底栖动物生物量与沉积物粉砂粘土含量显著负相关。 同年秋季搭载开放航次对黄海5个站位、东海3个站位、南海2个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了调查研究。对三个海域小型底栖动物的比较研究发现，平均丰度以黄海最高，达2132 ± 946 inds./10cm2，东海次之，为1954 ± 2047 inds./10cm2，而南海仅156 ± 56 inds./10cm2；三海域的平均生物量依次为2193 ± 1148 g dwt/10cm2、1865 ± 1555 g dwt/10cm2和212 ± 22 g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共14个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，分别占总量的85%、89%、85%。在生物量上，黄海以自由生线虫贡献最多（33％），多毛类居次（18%）；东海二者比例相近（约37％），而南海则以多毛类占绝对优势（56％），线虫居次（25%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，三个海区差异较大：分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物在黄海高达90%，东海仅46%，在南海为63%。统计分析表明，本研究站位小型底栖动物丰度与沉积物中的叶绿素a及脱镁叶绿素a含量和底温呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关。该结果与本航次之后在广东湛江和海南以东的南海海域开展的908调查结果形成了鲜明对照，后者的小型底栖动物及线虫丰度与沉积物中有机质含量呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关，表明近海受人类干扰影响较大。 本文利用微宇宙实验方法，来确定不同浓度梯度的Cu、Pb以及Cu/ Pb混合重金属污染物对青岛湾小型底栖动物（主要是线虫）的影响。加入污染物后，分别在1、3、7、14、21天进行取样分析。结果显示，Cu和Cu/Pb混合高浓度实验单元组的线虫丰度除在第21天有较明显减少外，在整个实验周期内基本没有变化，分析可能系高浓度Cu的固定作用从而使小型底栖动物无法腐烂降解造成的。同一时间尺度上，各重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度均高于（或接近于）空白对照组，较高浓度的重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度高于（或接近于）较低浓度重金属污染物实验单元，Cu/Pb混合低浓度实验单元的线虫丰度高于同一时间尺度Cu低浓度和Pb低浓度实验单元。推测是由于采样点的线虫群落中存在对Cu和Pb的耐受种或者“机会种”造成的。

中国海散射计风、浪算法研究及海面风场、有效波高的时空特征分析

海面风场系统对天气变化起着至关重要的作用。本文对ERS-2散射计风场数据进行了分析，并将其与NCEP再分析风场和浮标观测风场进行了比较。对连续13年中国海海区ERS-1/2和QuikSCAT散射计海面风场资料进行插值平均处理，得到一个中国海月平均海面风场资料集。首先对该资料集进行了逐月多年平均风场分析，进而对该资料集的距平风场进行矢量经验正交函数（Vector EOF）分解，分别探讨了中国海海面风场的年际和年代际变化特征。年际EOF分解得到的第一模态具有较好的年变化波动周期，与多年平均风场中的冬季风和夏季风（当时间系数为负值时）流型相近，表现为冬-夏振荡型，反映了影响整个中国海的东亚季风强盛时期的风场特征。第二模态与多年平均风场中的季节转换流型相近，表现为春－秋振荡型，反映了冬季风和夏季风之间的转换过渡时期的风场特征。年代际EOF分解得到的第一模态反映了中国海季风的年代际变化特征。第二模态时间系数分布与滞后4个月Nino3.4指数分布相似，反映了中国海海面风场对El Nino的响应。第三模态时间系数分布与南方涛动（SOI）指数分布相似，反映了ENSO现象对中国海海面风场异常的影响。 本文利用一种新的风浪成长关系计算了瞬时风场下的有效波高分布，并利用经验公式计算了风浪充分成长状态下的有效波高分布。分别以NCEP与QuikSCAT的混合风场和NCEP风场为输入，利用第三代海浪数值模式WAVEWATCH Ⅲ对2000年1月东中国海的风浪场进行了模拟，再现了当时的风浪演化过程。通过计算结果与实测的比较，说明将WAVEWATCH Ⅲ模式应用于东中国海海域进行大区域范围的风浪预报是可行的。 最后分析了WAVEWATCH Ⅲ模式计算得到的有效波高的月平均分布，并利用经验正交函数（EOF）方法对有效波高距平值进行分解，探讨了中国海有效波高的年际变化特征。有效波高距平场的前两个模态的时间系数分布和空间结构与海面风距平场的前两个模态基本相似，说明中国海风、浪之间有很好的相关性。第一模态表现为冬－夏振荡型，反映了冬季有效波高的分布特征及海面风场对有效波高分布的影响。第二模态表现为春－秋振荡，反映了季风转换过渡时期有效波高偏差的分布特征。第三模态反映了中国海地形对有效波高偏差分布的影响。

水母雪莲毛状根细胞系

本发明涉及一种水母雪莲毛状根细胞系R0405，其保藏号CGMCC No.1557；本发明的水母雪莲毛状根细胞系能够在无激素培养中自主生长，而且毛状根中的生物碱含量得到提高，可达到干重的2.1％。将有利于离体培养条件下生产目的产物研究，并有助于下一步解决天然雪莲资源匮乏的问题的研究。

中低纬电离层暴的统计分析与经验建模

As a key issue of ionospheric weather study, systemic studies on ionospheric storms can not only further improve our understanding of the response of the ionosphere to solar and geomagnetic disturbances, but also help us to reveal the chemical, dynamic and electro-dynamic mechanisms during storms. Empirical modelling for regional ionospheric storm is also very useful, because it can provide us with tools and references for the forecasting and further practical application of ionospheric activity. In this thesis, we focus on describing and forecasting of ionospheric storms at middle and low latitudes. The main points of my investigations are listed as follows. (1) By using magnetic storms during the period over 50 years, the dependence of the type, onset time and time delay of the ionospheric storms on magnetic latitude, season and local time at middle and low latitudes in the East-Asian sector are studied. The results show that the occurrences of the types of ionospheric disturbances differ in latitude and season. The onset of the ionospheric storms depends on local time. At middle latitudes, most negative phase onsets are within the local time interval from night to early morning, and they rarely occurred in the local noon and afternoon sectors. At low latitudes, positive phases commence most frequently in the daytime sector as well as pre-midnight sector. The average time delays for both the positive and negative ionospheric storms increase with descending latitudes. The time delay has significant dependence on the local time of main phase onset (MPO). The time delay of positive response is shorter for daytime MPO and longer for night-time MPO, whereas the opposite applies for negative response. (2) Based on some previous researches, a primary empirical model for mid-latitude ionospheric disturbance is set up. By fitting to the observed data, we get a high accuracy with a mean RMSE of only 12-14% in summer and equinox. The model output has been compared with the output of STORM model, and the results show that, our model is much better than STORM in summer and a little better for some mid-latitude stations at equinox. Especially, for the type of two-step geomagnetic storm, our model can present twice descending of foF2 very well. In addition, our model can forecast positive ionospheric storms.

水环境中腐殖质对重金属吸附行为的影响

水环境中金属离子－腐殖质－矿物(或细菌)之间的相互作用能够显著影响金属离子在地质体的迁移和归宿。文章综述了水环境中腐殖质对金属离子在矿物、微生物等表面吸附行为影响的研究现状，分析讨论了复合型表面的基本特点、腐殖质对金属吸附到矿物表面的影响因素、腐殖质影响细菌表面吸附金属离子的机理以及对于三相体系不同研究者的研究思路与结论等。

The Role of Fixation and Visual Attention in Object Recognition

This research project is a study of the role of fixation and visual attention in object recognition. In this project, we build an active vision system which can recognize a target object in a cluttered scene efficiently and reliably. Our system integrates visual cues like color and stereo to perform figure/ground separation, yielding candidate regions on which to focus attention. Within each image region, we use stereo to extract features that lie within a narrow disparity range about the fixation position. These selected features are then used as input to an alignment-style recognition system. We show that visual attention and fixation significantly reduce the complexity and the false identifications in model-based recognition using Alignment methods. We also demonstrate that stereo can be used effectively as a figure/ground separator without the need for accurate camera calibration.

Unexpected promotion of Au/TiO2 by nitrate for CO oxidation

The catalytic activity for Au/TiO2 for CO oxidation can be significantly enhanced by the addition of nitrates and this may relate to the variable catalyst performance observed in many studies.

Dona Zilá e Tardia de Caxias: uvas tardias para mesa.

1994

Bioecologia e controle das pragas da videira.

2005

Competitiveness in a globalised world: Michael Porter on the microeconomic foundations of the competitiveness of nations, regions, and firms.

In this paper, we provide the text of an interview with Professor Michael Porter discussing his research and ideas relating to the microeconomic foundations of global competitiveness. The discussion provides a microeconomic perspective on some of the key issues relating to recent research on competitiveness, productivity, clusters, US economic leadership, economic growth and development.

Structure of glasses and melts

Wilding, M. C., Benmore, C. J. (2006). Structure and Glasses and Melts. reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 63 (1), 275-311 RAE2008

Synchrotron-laser pump-probe luminescence spectroscopy: Correlation of electronic defect states with x-ray absorption in wide-gap solids

Poolton, Nigel; Hamilton, B.; Evans, D.A., (2005) 'Synchrotron-laser pump-probe luminescence spectroscopy: Correlation of electronic defect states with x-ray absorption in wide-gap solids', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38 pp.1478-1484 RAE2008

Asistencia técnica en los procesos de producción identificados como críticos en el aseguramiento de la calidad en los productos finales. Chimichagua, Mandinguilla, Candelaria y Antequera departamento del Cesar.

12 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías a color.