D1 cap region involved in the receptor recognition and neural cell survival activity of human ciliary neurotrophic factor.

Human ciliary neurotrophic factor (hCNTF), which promotes the cell survival and differentiation of motor and other neurons, is a protein belonging structurally to the alpha-helical cytokine family. hCNTF was subjected to three-dimensional structure modeling and site-directed mutagenesis to analyze its structure-function relationship. The replacement of Lys-155 with any other amino acid residue resulted in abolishment of neural cell survival activity, and some of the Glu-153 mutant proteins had 5- to 10-fold higher biological activity. The D1 cap region (around the boundary between the CD loop and helix D) of hCNTF, including both Glu-153 and Lys-155, was shown to play a key role in the biological activity of hCNTF as one of the putative receptor-recognition sites. In this article, the D1 cap region of the 4-helix-bundle proteins is proposed to be important in receptor recognition and biological activity common to alpha-helical cytokine proteins reactive with gp130, a component protein of the receptors.

Cap a una bibliografia musical de Màrius Torres

Com és ben sabut, en el cas del poeta lleidatà Màrius Torres (1910-1942), la relació entre la poesia i la música esdevé una vinculació essencial. Més enllà, la formació musical de Torres el va dur a musicar alguns poemes, on es barregen els trobadors medievals i els textos modernistes. Aquesta relació dual que estableix Torres amb la música ha generat al llarg dels anys una bibliografia específica que cal organitzar, definir i ampliar. Aquest article té la voluntat d’aportar un estat de la qüestió pel que fa a la bibliografia musical de Torres, no sols per les abundants referències a elements o aspectes musicals dins la seua obra, sinó també per la necessària revisió dels materials musicals manuscrits que hi conservem. Davant el projecte d’una edició de les seues obres completes, i com una mena de pas previ, el treball repassa les diferents aportacions que s’han fet des de la mort del poeta, així com les manifestacions musicals que ha generat la seua obra.

The early history of man : with special reference to the Cap-Blanc skeleton / by Henry Field, Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology.

no.26(1927)

Mission scientifique du cap Horn, 1882-1883.

t.6:ptie.3:pt.2 (1888)

Introducing more equity in the CAP: a difficult challenge. Egmont Paper #55, June 2012

[From the Introduction]. The main question addressed by this paper is how to reach a more equitable distribution of CAP’s payments pragmatically, politically and economically? Pragmatically, the CAP is a multi-functional policy, which has to combine different goals, i.e. to be more equitable, green and market-oriented. However, these objectives are not always compatible and require trade-offs. Politically, regarding the CAP’s significant share (40%) of the EU budget and the current public debt crisis, Member States are most likely to keep their attention on the juste retour calculations rather than the promotion of the European public interest in the EU negotiations. Economically, reaching a more equitable distribution of payments should be achieved without significant disruptive changes that could have serious consequences on the costs and benefits of the agricultural sector in the EU. Considering these elements, it is already clear that reaching a more equitable distribution of CAP’s payments represents a difficult challenge.