Variabilidad de las condiciones oceanográficas en el punto fijo Paita (05°04’S – 81°16´W), abril 2014 – octubre 2015

En los años 2014 y 2015 el mar peruano ha presentado marcadas alteraciones que repercutieron positiva o negativamente en la concentración y distribución de los recursos vivos del mar. Estas alteraciones ocasionadas por factores océano-atmosféricos (ondas, vientos etc.) se reflejan claramente en la serie de parámetros oceanográficos del Punto Fijo Paita, lo que nos permite el seguimiento del arribo, intensidad y posibles efectos de las ondas en la costa peruana. En estos 2 últimos años, el IMARPE viene realizando un monitoreo continuo en el Punto Fijo Paita a través del programa: Proyecto por Resultados El Niño (PpR 068 EN), y se ha podido catalogar en el año 2014 el desarrollo de un evento El Niño costero de intensidad moderada según el Índice Costero El Niño (ICEN; ENFEN 2012), asimismo, a partir de mayo del 2015 a la actualidad, se viene desarrollando otro evento El Niño costero de intensidad fuerte; este último asociado a las anomalías en el acoplamiento océano-atmosfera en el Pacífico Central, a la propagación de ondas Kelvin hacia el Pacífico Oriental y a las fluctuaciones que vienen presentando los vientos en el Pacífico Ecuatorial Oriental y Sudoriental.

Plan de sistemas de información

Plan integral de sistemas de información con una visión integradora entre el sistema de información propuesto y las estrategias de la organización. La propuesta se enmarca en un entorno sanitario donde el proceso asistencial y la gestión clínica, centrada en el paciente y profesionales, son los elementos diferenciadores y específicos del propio sistema.

Effects of cage size and obstructed view from cage on use of resting platforms by farmed silver foxes

Selostus: Häkin koon ja häkissä olevien näköesteiden vaikutus tarhattujen hopeakettujen makuuhyllyn käyttöön

Soil organic matter and fertility of anthropogenic dark earths (Terra Preta de Índio) in the Brazilian Amazon basin

Fertility properties, total C (Ctot), and chemical soil organic matter fractions (fulvic acid fraction - FA, humic acid fraction - HA, humin fraction - H) of anthropogenic dark earths (Terra Preta de Índio) of the Amazon basin were compared with those of Ferralsols with no anthropogenic A horizon. Terra Preta soils had a higher fertility (pH: 5.1-5.4; Sum of bases, SB: 8.93-10.33 cmol c kg-1 , CEC: 17.2-17.5 cmol c kg-1 , V: 51-59 %, P: 116-291 mg kg-1) and Ctot (44.6-44.7 g kg-1) than adjacent Ferralsols (pH: 4.4; SB: 2.04 cmol c kg-1, CEC: 9.5 cmol c kg-1, V: 21 %, P 5 mg kg-1, C: 37.9 g kg-1). The C distribution among humic substance fractions (FA, HA, H) in Terra Preta soils was also different, as shown by the ratios HA:FA and EA/H (EA=HA+FA) (2.1-3.0 and 1.06-1.08 for Terra Preta and 1.2 and 0.72 for Ferralsols, respectively). While the cation exchange capacity (CEC), of Ferralsols correlated with FA (r = 0.97), the CEC of Terra Preta correlated with H (r = 0.82). The correlation of the fertility of Terra Preta with the highly stable soil organic matter fraction (H) is highly significant for the development of sustainable soil fertility management models in tropical ecosystems.

Ácidos Húmicos em solo fertirrigado no Vale do São Francisco

A aplicação de ácidos orgânicos, principalmente húmicos (AH), associada à adubação mineral e orgânica pode levar a alterações nas propriedades dos AH do solo. No Vale do São Francisco, o uso de ácidos orgânicos vem despertando o interesse de produtores que usam sistema de irrigação. Entretanto, não são conhecidas as modificações que podem ocorrer nas características das substâncias húmicas do solo quando são aplicados ácidos orgânicos associados à fertilização mineral e estercos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar e caracterizar, por métodos espectroscópicos (UV-Vis, Infravermelho, Fluorescência e RPE), as possíveis mudanças qualitativas no AH extraído de solo fertirrigado com duas fontes de fertilizantes (orgânica e mineral), associadas à aplicação de ácidos orgânicos comerciais na cultura da goiabeira. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina - PE. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: F - fertirrigação com fertilizantes minerais (ureia, fosfato monoamônio, cloreto de potássio); FE - F + aplicação de 20 dm³/planta de esterco; FH - F + fertirrigação com 30 dm³ ha-1 de Codahumus 20®; FEH - fertirrigação mineral + aplicação de 20 dm³/planta de esterco + fertirrigação com 30 dm³ ha-1 de Codahumus 20®, e R- tratamento testemunha, sem adubação. A relação E4/E6 dos AH variou de 4,8 a 5,4 para os tratamentos FEH e F. Os dados obtidos por meio da espectroscopia FTIR sugerem mistura de características aromático-alifáticas, grande quantidade de grupos carboxílicos e menor número de grupos nitrogenados para os AH dos tratamentos FEH, FH e FE. Os valores obtidos do índice A465 variaram de 1,04 a 1,74, referentes aos AH dos tratamentos FEH e FE. Verificou-se uma concentração de radicais livres orgânicos no AH do tratamento FEH (2,66 spins g-1 10(17)) três vezes maior do que o AH do tratamento F (0,95 spins g-1 10(17)). O esterco foi o responsável pelo maior de policondensação e grau de humificação do ácido húmico dos tratamentos FE e FHE.

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: intensive care.

Nutritional support in the intensive care setting represents a challenge but it is fortunate that its delivery and monitoring can be followed closely. Enteral feeding guidelines have shown the evidence in favor of early delivery and the efficacy of use of the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral nutrition (PN) represents an alternative or additional approach when other routes are not succeeding (not necessarily having failed completely) or when it is not possible or would be unsafe to use other routes. The main goal of PN is to deliver a nutrient mixture closely related to requirements safely and to avoid complications. This nutritional approach has been a subject of debate over the past decades. PN carries the considerable risk of overfeeding which can be as deleterious as underfeeding. Therefore the authors will present not only the evidence available regarding the indications for PN, its implementation, the energy required, its possible complementary use with enteral nutrition, but also the relative importance of the macro- and micronutrients in the formula proposed for the critically ill patient. Data on long-term survival (expressed as 6 month survival) will also be considered a relevant outcome measure. Since there is a wide range of interpretations regarding the content of PN and great diversity in its practice, our guidance will necessarily reflect these different views. The papers available are very heterogeneous in quality and methodology (amount of calories, nutrients, proportion of nutrients, patients, etc.) and the different meta-analyses have not always taken this into account. Use of exclusive PN or complementary PN can lead to confusion, calorie targets are rarely achieved, and different nutrients continue to be used in different proportions. The present guidelines are the result of the analysis of the available literature, and acknowledging these limitations, our recommendations are intentionally largely expressed as expert opinions.

Relationship between Megastigmus suspectus borr.size and Abies alba mill.seed size

Summary

Effects of restricted methionine and energy intake on egg weight and shell quality

Selostus: Metioniinin ja energian saannin rajoittamisen vaikutukset kananmunan painoon ja laatuun

Two Cultures of Arts Education, Finland and Canada? An integrated View

Taidekasvatuksen kaksi kulttuuria, Suomi ja Kanada? Integroitu näkemys Tutkimuksessa kuvataan kanadalaisen Learning Through The Arts –pedagogiikan mukainen suomalainen kokeiluhanke, jonka aikana taiteilija–opettaja-parit opettivat yhdessä eri oppiaineita koululuokille: esim. matematiikkaa tanssien, biologiaa maalaten tai yhdistäen eri taiteenlajeja projektimuotoiseen oppimiseen. Hanketta arvioitaessa nousee esille, ei niinkään yksittäisten taiteilijoiden ja opettajien toiminta, vaan pikemminkin Kanadan ja Suomen rakenteelliset sekä kulttuuriset eroavuudet. Tutkimus sivuaa myös Suomessa käytävää keskustelua taiteen hyödyllisyydestä ja pohtii samalla taito- ja taideaineiden asemaa koulussa. Työn teoreettisessa osassa integroidaan opetussuunnitelmateoriaa, kasvatuksen historiaa ja filosofiaa, tähdentäen taidekasvatuksen merkitystä osana koko ihmisen kasvatusta. Opetussuunnitelmateorian osalta tarkastellaan romanttista ja klassista opetussuunnitelmaa, jotka eroavat toisistaan menetelmiensä, sisältöjensä, tavoitteidensa sekä arvioinnin osalta. Ns. kovat ja pehmeät aineet tai matemaattis-luonnontieteelliset aineet vastakohtanaan humanismi, voidaan ymmärtää sekä historiallisia että epistemologisia taustojaan vasten. Pepperin maailmanhypoteesien mukaisesti on kasvatuksen ongelmien ratkaisemiseksi hahmotettavissa neljä selvästi toisistaan eroavaa lähestymistapaa: formismi; organisismi; mekanisismi; sekä kontekstualismi. Kantin filosofiaan viitaten tutkimus puolustaa käsitystä taiteesta rationaalisena ja propositionaalisena kokonaisuutena, joka ei ole vain kommunikaation väline, vaan yksi todellisuuden kohtaamisen lajeista, tiedon ja etiikan rinnalla. Näin ajateltuna taito- ja taidekasvatuksen tulisi olla luonteeltaan aina myös kulttuurikasvatusta. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella voidaan väittää, että moniammatillinen yhteistyö monipuolistaa koulun opetusta. Mikäli huolehditaan siitä, että taiteilijat saavat riittävästi koulutusta opettamiseen liittyvissä asioissa, on mahdollista käyttää taiteilijoita opettajien rinnalla koulutyössä.

ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS IN A QUARTZIPSAMMENT UNDER CULTIVATION OF IRRIGATED MANGO IN THE LOWER SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY REGION, BRAZIL

Improper land use has lead to deterioration and depletion of natural resources, as well as a significant decline in agricultural production, due to decreased soil quality. Removal of native vegetation to make way for agricultural crops, often managed inadequately, results in soil disruption, decreased nutrient availability, and decomposition of soil organic matter, making sustainable agricultural production unviable. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of growing irrigated mango (over a 20 year period) on the organic carbon (OC) stocks and on the fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in relation to the native caatinga (xeric shrubland) vegetation in the Lower São Francisco Valley region, Brazil. The study was carried out on the Boa Esperança Farm located in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango and native caatinga, soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. After preparing the soil samples, we determined the OC stocks, carbon of humic substances (fulvic acid fractions, humic acid fractions, and humin fractions), and the light and heavy SOM fractions. Growing irrigated mango resulted in higher OC stocks; higher C stocks in the fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin fractions; and higher C stocks in the heavy and light SOM fraction in comparison to nativecaatinga, especially in the uppermost soil layer.

A clinical pattern-based etiological diagnostic strategy for sensory neuronopathies: a French collaborative study.

Sensory neuronopathies (SNNs) encompass paraneoplastic, infectious, dysimmune, toxic, inherited, and idiopathic disorders. Recently described diagnostic criteria allow SNN to be differentiated from other forms of sensory neuropathy, but there is no validated strategy based on routine clinical investigations for the etiological diagnosis of SNN. In a multicenter study, the clinical, biological, and electrophysiological characteristics of 148 patients with SNN were analyzed. Multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression were used to identify patterns differentiating between forms of SNNs with different etiologies. Models were constructed using a study population of 88 patients and checked using a test population of 60 cases. Four patterns were identified. Pattern A, with an acute or subacute onset in the four limbs or arms, early pain, and frequently affecting males over 60 years of age, identified mainly paraneoplastic, toxic, and infectious SNN. Pattern B identified patients with progressive SNN and was divided into patterns C and D, the former corresponding to patients with inherited or slowly progressive idiopathic SNN with severe ataxia and electrophysiological abnormalities and the latter to patients with idiopathic, dysimmune, and sometimes paraneoplastic SNN with a more rapid course than in pattern C. The diagnostic strategy based on these patterns correctly identified 84/88 and 58/60 patients in the study and test populations, respectively.