Traumatic abdominal wall hernia. Case report

Despite the high incidence of abdominal traumas, traumatic abdominal wall hernias (TAWHs) remain rare probably because of elasticity of the abdominal wall. The TAWH is due to blunt abdominal trauma with disruption of the abdominal wall muscles and fascia with intact overlying skin. TAWH can be classified into high energy injures (generally motor vehicle accidents) and low energy injures (impact on a small blunt object). Common example of the latter type is a fall onto a bicycle handlebar. The mechanism of the trauma includes sudden increase of intra-abdominal pressure and extensive shear forces applied to the abdominal wall. The diagnosis of TAWH is difficult in the Emergency Room because during the primary diagnostic process most attention is directed toward the detection of internal injures and TAWH can be missed. In this article we report a case of TAWH caused by a work accident (an heavy steel tube fallen onto the abdominal wall of the patient from a height of five meters) with delayed diagnosis.

Gospel Music Training, Performance Practice and Its Impact on Leadership Development and Performed Nationalism in a Collegiate Military Choir

Since America’s beginnings as a British colony, its musical standards have adhered to those of Western Europe. For this reason, musical forms native to America like Black folk spirituals and Gospel music have historically been marginalized in favor of music in the Western classical tradition. Today, a bias towards music of the Western classical tradition exists in those American universities that grant music degrees. While this bias is understandable, inclusion of Gospel music history and performance practice would result in a more complete understanding of American music and its impact on American nationalism. The United States Naval Academy is one of the few American universities that have consistently elevated the performance of Gospel music to the level of Western Classical music within its institutional culture. The motivations for writing this document are to provide a brief history of Gospel music in the United States and of choral music at the Naval Academy. These historical accounts serve as lenses though which the intersection of Gospel music performance practice and leadership development at the United States Naval Academy may be observed. During the last two decades of the twentieth century, Gospel music intersected American military culture at the U.S. Naval Academy. After a few student-led attempts in the 1970s, a Gospel Choir was formed in 1986 but by 1990, it had become an official part of the Music Department. Ultimately, it received institutional support and today, the Gospel Choir is one of three touring choirs authorized to represent the Academy in an official capacity. This document discusses the promotion of Gospel music by the Naval Academy in its efforts to diversify Academy culture and ultimately, Naval and Marine Corps leadership. Finally, this dissertation examines the addition of performed cultural expression (Gospel music) in light of a shift in American nationalism and discusses its impact on Naval Academy culture.

Programa ciclovida como política de mobilidade urbana sustentável: estudo empírico na Universidade Federal do Paraná

The urban mobility has in the bicycle its symbol of the most environmentally sustainable modal of transportation of the planet, title conferred by the United Nations Organization (ONU). Nevertheless, the cities suffer with the traffic jam caused by the automobile fleet growth, what implies in a larger displacement time, injuries to the environment, to financials and to the quality of life. In order to build in a sustainable way the urban mobility, public policies are necessary to encourage the preferential usage, by the society, of the mass transit or the non-motorized type of transportation. Objecting cooperate with the public power and the civil society, this study intents to, through an analysis about the UFPR Extension Program - CICLOVIDA, propose a sustainable urban mobility public policy development, with emphasis in the bicycle´s usage. eferentially, it is discussed concepts such as Society, State and Government as well as public policies, which go in cycles to the State´s and Government´s responsibilities; and are presented the Sustainable Urban Mobility Public Policies (PPMUS) in Brazil. Also, it is debated about the transport by bicycle as an option to the sustainable mobility. Methodologically, the study is of an empiric-social nature, with the application of both qualitative and observational methods, what characterizes as an exploratory level of research, with the researcher´s involvement in the participant form, due to her acting on the Program. Regarding the research lineation, it was used the bibliographic and documental form as well as case study, by means of the nonparametric sampling by accessibility or convenience. Related to the data collection technique, it was used structured interviews with self-applied questionnaires and natural participant observation. Aligned with the research´s objective and matter, the outcome confirmed that the Extension Program CICLOVIDA of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) may effectively contribute in the development of a PPMUS proposal with emphasis in the bicycle usage. Thus, it was built a political proposal with a free form writing, objecting subsidize policies both institutional as public MUS through the bicycle usage and therefore, support the mobility, also contributing to the sustainability and to the public development planning.

Morristown National Historical Park, New Jersey, official map and guide /

Also covers Morristown and surrounding areas.

Morristown National Historical Park, New Jersey, official map and guide /

Also covers Morristown and surrounding areas.

Morristown National Historical Park, New Jersey, official map and guide /

Also covers Morristown and surrounding areas.

Avaliação do desempenho do aço D6 tratado termicamente e netretado em plasma com gaiola catódica visando aplicação industrial

In this research there was an evaluation of the best conditions of nitriding in plasma within a cathodic cage at an atmosphere of 80% N2-20%H2 in samples of tool manganese steel AISI D6, cold working, treated thermally in the following conditions: tension relief, treated thermally to temperature of maximum heat, temperate heat and temperate and temperate heat. A pressure of 2.5mbar and temperatures of 400 and 300ºC com treatment time of two and three hours were used to evaluate its performance as cutting tool (punch) of bicycle backs. Hardness, micro-structural aspects (layer thickness, interface, grain size etc), and crystal phases on the surface were appraised. When treated to tension relief, thermally treated to maximum heat temperature, temperature and temperate heat, the samples presented hardness levels of 243HV, 231HV, 832HV, and 653HV, respectively. The best nitrification conditions were: four hours and 300ºC for heat samples. A superficial hardness of 1000HV and a 108µm thickness for the nitrided layer were found in these samples

Procedimento para estudo da escolha modal em viagens realizadas por estudantes de instituições de ensino médio, mediado pela psicologia social

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Invención e innovación tecnológica en el ciclismo en España a través de la documentación de patentes : 1826-1929

El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en sacar a la luz un conjunto de documentos, los documentos de patentes presentadas en España, sobre un tema concreto, la bicicleta y el ciclismo, y durante un periodo determinado, 1826-1929, presentes en la Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas (OEPM), organizando esta documentación para su posterior utilización por la comunidad científica. Para ello se han identificado y sistematizado las patentes referidas a la bicicleta, presentadas entre 1826 y 1929, realizando tablas de frecuencia que permitan extraer datos de su incidencia en la invención en el periodo considerado. Ello ha permitido conocer una serie de datos de los inventores, que, en definitiva son los creadores del desarrollo tecnológico en este campo, extrayendo, ordenando y categorizando la información sobre lugar de origen, tipo de inventor (empresa o particular), sexo, práctica de colaboración y profesión. Finalmente se ha estudiado el tipo de inventos, mostrando los sectores en los que se producen las invenciones, identificando si se han puesto en práctica, y determinando aspectos tales como su carácter de invención incremental, su posible consideración como invento raro y curioso, y su coexistencia con una marca registrada. El trabajo se inicia con la introducción seguida de un apartado en el que se presenta el marco teórico en el que se desarrolla la investigación, en una doble vía: en primer lugar el contexto de los documentos de patente, su relación con la innovación y su utilidad como fuentes de información, y en segundo lugar el marco de la invención en el ciclismo, presentando las fases esenciales de la evolución de la bicicleta (capítulo 2). En el marco metodológico (capítulo 3) se explican fuentes y metodología, presentando a continuación el diseño de la investigación, que se resume como sigue: 1- Determinación del universo de datos, 2- Consulta en el Archivo Histórico de la OEPM, 3- Diseño y creación de la base de datos propia, 4- Consulta de los expedientes y toma de imágenes, 5- Tratamiento y análisis de los datos, 6- Búsqueda de información en fuentes para patentes extranjeras, y 7- Consulta a la base de datos de Marcas de la OEPM. El capítulo 4 está dedicado a la investigación propiamente dicha, estructurado en tres grandes bloques. El primero recoge las cuantificaciones tabuladas del total de patentes y el análisis de determinados aspectos generales como la cronología de la invención y diversas comparaciones con resultados obtenidos en otros trabajos. El segundo bloque está centrado en los estudios de solicitantes de patentes, protagonistas de las invenciones. De ellos se contemplan una serie de datos extraídos de los expedientes, y posteriormente tabulados y cuantificados: su procedencia geográfica, su adscripción como empresas o solicitantes particulares, y sus datos de colaboración, finalizando el bloque con un apartado que dedicamos a la innovación femenina, que consideramos una línea de investigación interés. El tercer bloque, el más amplio de todos, está dedicado a la descripción y análisis de los datos referidos a los propios inventos, puesto que es la aplicación de los inventos lo que marca el desarrollo tecnológico de la máquina bicicleta, y su consiguiente evolución histórica y social. Se estructura asimismo en varias secciones. La primera es la más amplia, donde se muestran y explican los datos que tienen que ver con la adscripción de los inventos a sectores temáticos, es decir, que desarrolla las funciones o componentes de la bicicleta que han sido objeto de invención. Los apartados siguientes muestran datos y consideraciones sobre las patentes puestas en práctica, las invenciones incrementales, los inventos curiosos, y las patentes con posible marca registrada de su nombre. Finalmente, las conclusiones del estudio, el establecimiento de posibles líneas abiertas de investigación, la relación de fuentes consultadas y los anexos cerrarán la exposición de esta tesis. ABSTRACT The main goal of this research thesis is to shed light on a specific documentary record: patents presented in Spain, regarding a specific theme: bicycles and cycling, within a given period: 1826-1929. This record is organized for the ulterior use by the scientific community. In order to carry out this goal, the mentioned patents have been identified and systematized, and analyzed for frequency in order to infer the incidence of its invention in the period under consideration. This has brought to light some information on the inventors which are, after all, the creators in the technological development of that field. Their bibliographical information: origin, type of inventor (company or individual), gender, collaboration behavior and profession. Finally, the type of inventions has been studied, showing the sectors in which inventions are produced, whether these were transferred to practice, and other key information like the incremental nature of their invention, their possible consideration as ‘rare or curious invention’, and their coexistence with a registered trademark. This thesis is organized with an initial introduction, after which a section outlines the theoretical framework for the research along two axes: first the context of the patent documents, their relation with innovation and their usefulness as information sources; second, the invention of cycling and the development phases of bicycles. In the methodological section the sources and methodology are explained and reasoned, followed by the research design: 1-determination of the data universe, 2-consultation at the historical archive of the OEPM (National Patent Office), 3-design and creation of a database, 3-analysis of the files and image catchment, 5-treatment and analysis of data, 6-browsing of source information for foreign patents, and 7-consultation of the trademark information at the OEPM. Chapter 4 is dedicated to research itself, in three main sections. The first one has the quantification of the patent total in tables and the analysis of specific overall chronological aspects of the invention, and some comparisons with the results obtained in other research. The second section is centered on the studies of patent requests and inventors. Some data extracted from the files has been systematized: geographical origin, adscriptions as companies or individuals, and their collaboration data, ending with a sub-section on women’s invention, which we consider an interesting research line. The third section, the biggest one of them all, is dedicated to the description and analysis of the data referred to the inventions themselves, because it is the application of the inventions which constitutes the technological development of the bicycle, and therefore its historical and social evolution. It is also structured in various sub-sections. The first one is the longest one, with information regarding the thematic typology of the inventions: functions and bicycle components which are innovated. The other ensuing subsections study patents which were actually incorporated and used, incremental inventions, curious inventions and patents with possible associated trademarks. Finally, the study conclusions, the establishment of lines of potential further research, the references used, and the annexes which culminate the thesis exposition.

Estudio y optimización de las infraestructuras de los carriles para bicicletas

La necesidad cotidiana de los ciudadanos de desplazarse para realizar diferentes actividades, sea cual fuere su naturaleza, se ha visto afectada en gran medida por los cambios producidos. Las ventajas generadas por la inclusión de la bicicleta como modo de transporte y la proliferación de su uso entre la ciudadanía son innumerables y se extienden tanto en el ámbito de la movilidad urbana como del desarrollo sostenible. En la actualidad, hay multitud de programas para la implantación, fomento o aumento de la participación ciudadana relacionado con la bicicleta en las ciudades. Pero en definitiva, todos y cada uno de estas iniciativas tienen la misma finalidad, crear una malla de vías cicladles eficaz y útil. Capaces de permitir el uso de la bicicleta en vías preferentes con unas garantías de seguridad altas, incorporando la bicicleta en el modelo de intermodalidad del transporte urbano. Con la progresiva implantación del carril bici, muchas personas han empezado a utilizarlas para moverse por la ciudad. Pero todo lo nuevo necesita un periodo de adaptación. Y, la realidad es que la red de viales destinados para estos vehículos está repleta de obstáculos para el ciclista. La actual situación ha llevado a cuestionar qué cantidad de kilómetros de carriles bici son necesarios para abastecer la demanda existente de este modo de transporte y, si las obras ejecutadas y proyectadas son las correctas y suficientes. En este trabajo se presenta una herramienta, basada en un modelo de programación matemática, para el diseño óptimo de una red destinada a los ciclistas. En concreto, el sistema determina una infraestructura para la bicicleta adaptada a las características de la red de carreteras existentes, con base en criterios de teoría de grafos ponderados. Como una aplicación del modelo propuesto, se ofrece el resultado de estos experimentos, obteniéndose un número de conclusiones útiles para la planificación y el diseño de redes de carriles bici desde una perspectiva social. Se realiza una aplicación de la metodología desarrollada para el caso real del municipio de Málaga (España). Por último se produce la validación del modelo de optimización presentado y la repercusión que tiene éste sobre el resultado final y la importancia o el peso del total de variables capaces de condicionar el resultado final de la red ciclista. Se obtiene, por tanto, una herramienta destinada a la mejora de la planificación, diseño y gestión de las diferentes infraestructuras para la bicicleta, con capacidad de interactuar con el modelo de red vial actual y con el resto de los modos de transportes existentes en el entramado urbano de las ciudades.

2ª Circular

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com Especialização em Gestão Urbanística, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.

Arquitectura e turismo

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

Design of bicycling suitability maps for hilly cities

Post-print version. Pictures and tables separated from main text and presented at the end.

Social and physical environmental factors influencing adolescents' physical activity in urban public open spaces: a qualitative study using walk-along interviews

Most previous studies examining physical activity in Public Open Spaces (POS) focused solely on the physical environment. However, according to socio-ecological models the social environment is important as well. The aim of this study was to determine which social and physical environmental factors affect adolescents' visitation and physical activity in POS in low-income neighbourhoods. Since current knowledge on this topic is limited, especially in Europe, qualitative walk-along interviews were used to obtain detailed and context-specific information. Participants (n = 30, aged 12-16 years, 64% boys) were recruited in POS in low-income neighbourhoods in Brussels, Ghent and Antwerp (Belgium). Participants were interviewed while walking in the POS with the interviewer. Using this method, the interviewer could observe and ask questions while the participant was actually experiencing the environment. All audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed using Nvivo 10 software and thematic analysis was used to derive categories and subcategories using a grounded theory approach. The most important subcategories that were supportive of visiting POS and performing physical activity in POS were; accessibility by foot/bicycle/public transport, located close to home/school, presence of (active) friends and family, cleanliness of the POS and features, availability of sport and play facilities, large open spaces and beautiful sceneries. The most important subcategories that were unsupportive of visiting POS and physical activity in POS were; presence of undesirable users (drug users, gangs and homeless people), the behaviour of other users and the cleanliness of the POS and features. Social factors appeared often more influential than physical factors, however, it was the combination of social and physical factors that affected adolescents' behaviour in POS. Easily accessible POS with high quality features in the proximity of adolescents' home or school may stimulate physical activity, if adolescents also experience a safe and familiar social environment.

Avancement vers la synthèse du (+) et du (-)-hodgsonox

Ce mémoire décrit les travaux qui ont été réalisés sur la synthèse de l’hodgsonox, un sesquiterpène tricyclique comportant un éther diallylique dans un cycle tétrahydropyranique. Les approches envisagées sont la formation du cycle à cinq puis la formation du tétrahydropyrane et une autre plus convergente qui implique la synthèse des deux cycles en une seule étape. La première partie du mémoire discute de la synthèse d’un précurseur acyclique du cycle à cinq membres, afin de réaliser une réaction de métathèse de fermeture de cycle. Toutefois, les essais n’ont pas été concluants et cette voie a été abandonnée. Dans la deuxième partie, une nouvelle approche impliquant la synthèse d’un bicycle par une réaction de Pauson-Khand a été étudiée. Le précurseur de la réaction de Pauson- Khand a été préparé en 9 étapes (30% de rendement global) à partir du diéthyle tartrate. Le produit de cyclisation a été également obtenu mais il n’a pas été possible par la suite d’introduire le groupement isopropyle. Dans la dernière partie de ce mémoire, les travaux de Lise Brethous sur la synthèse de l’hodgsonox ont été repris. Celle-ci avait montré que le cycle à 5 membres pouvait être obtenu à partir de l’a-acétyl g-butyrolactone et que la formation du bicycle pouvait être réalisée par une réaction catalytique d’insertion d’un composé diazoïque dans un lien O-H. Certaines de ces étapes ont été optimisées et différents tests ont été effectués pour réaliser les dernières étapes de la synthèse de l’hodgosonox, mais sans succès.