Sugarcane grown in an oxisol amended with sewage sludge and vinasse: nitrogen contents in soil and plant

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Antibiosis effects of wild bean lines containing arcelin on Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

A biologia de Bemisia tabaci biótipo B (Genn.) foi avaliada em genótipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) que contêm arcelina em suas sementes. Foi também realizada análise bioquímica de proteínas, em sementes e em folhas dos genótipos de feijoeiro, a fim de verificar se haveria traços de arcelina nas folhas dos materiais a serem avaliados. Os testes foram conduzidos em condições de casa de vegetação, nas épocas das águas e da seca, em dois anos consecutivos, com os seguintes genótipos: ARC 3s, ARC 5s (genótipos selvagens portadores de arcelina); ARC 1, ARC 2, ARC 3, ARC 4 (linhagens quase-isogênicas portadoras de arcelina - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)), Porrillo 70, Bolinha e IAPAR MD 808 (genótipos sem arcelina). Os genótipos selvagens, ARC 3s e ARC 5s, apresentaram altos níveis de antibiose, com ênfase para o ARC 5s (as ninfas tiveram alta mortalidade, em torno de 90%). O prolongamento do ciclo de desenvolvimento dos insetos provenientes do genótipo ARC 5s podem sugerir uma resistência do tipo antibiose e/ou não-preferência para alimentação. A resistência dos genótipos selvagens não está relacionada com a presença de arcelina nas sementes, já que nenhum traço dessa proteína foi encontrado nas folhas destes.

Molibdênio via semente e nitrogênio em cobertura no feijoeiro irrigado em solo de cerrado

O nitrogênio é o nutriente mais exigido pelo feijoeiro e seu metabolismo pode ser seriamente prejudicado pela deficiência de molibdênio. Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de molibdênio via semente e nitrogênio em cobertura nas características agronômicas e produtividade do feijoeiro 'BRS Pontal' irrigado, cultivado em Neossolo Quartzarênico, no município de Cassilândia, MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4x2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação ou não de Mo (80 g ha-1) via semente e quatro doses de N (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1), em cobertura aos 16 dias, após a emergência, na forma de uréia. A aplicação de Mo via semente aumentou o índice relativo de clorofila, o número de vagens por planta, a massa e a produtividade de grãos no feijoeiro, principalmente com o uso de altas doses de N em cobertura. O índice relativo de clorofila, o número de vagens por planta, a massa e a produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro foi aumentada linearmente pela aplicação de até 120 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura. O fornecimento de Mo via tratamento de semente aumentou a eficiência de utilização do N pelo feijoeiro.

Physiological and genomic variations in rice cells recovered from direct immersion and storage in liquid nitrogen

The use of cryoprotectants and slow cooling rates are routine procedures for the cryopreservation of plant cell lines. However, our results with rice (Oryza sativa L,, ev. Taipei 309) show that calli can be cryopreserved by direct immersion and stored in liquid nitrogen without any cryoprotection, the efficiency of recovery using this method, as well as a conventional method was generally increased with a previous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Following cryopreservation, calli demonstrated some differences with respect to unfrozen calli of the same lines, Thus, resistance to freezing stress (- 20 degrees C for 2 h) increased significantly in all lines tested, irrespective of their pre-incubation with ABA, Calli that had been directly stored in liquid nitrogen also demonstrated a higher competence for genetic transformation than their unfrozen counterparts, as indicated by the transient gene expression levels obtained after particle bombardment, These differences might lead to further biotechnological applications, A genetic analysis of amplified DNA polymorphisms was performed with three independent lines that had been subjected to four combinations of ABA treatment and direct immersion in liquid nitrogen, At the loci screened with the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers tested, the genetic variations among lines and among calli of the same line appear to bd more related to tissue-culture-induced somaclonal variation than to cryoselection.

Establishing Standards for the Integrated Recommendation and Diagnosis System (DRIS) for Irrigated Bean Crops

This article addresses the establishment of integrated diagnostics and recommendation system (DRIS) standards for irrigated bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris) and compares leaf concentrations and productivity in low- and high-productivity populations. The work was carried out in Santa Fe de Goias, Goias State, Brazil, in the agricultural years 1999/2000 and 2000/2001. For the nutritional diagnosis, leaf samples were collected, and leaf concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were established in 100 commercial bean crops. A database was set up listing the leaf nutrient content and the respective productivities, subdivided into two subpopulations, high and low productivity, using a bean yield value of 3000 kg ha-1 to separate these subpopulations. Sufficiency values found in the high-productivity population matched only for the micronutrients B and Zn. The nutritional balance among the populations studied was coherent and was lower in the high-productivity population. The DRIS standards proposed for irrigated bean farming were efficient in evaluating the nutritional status of the crop areas studied. Calcium, Cu, and S were found to be the least available nutrients, indicating high response potential for the fertilizing using these nutrients.

Manejo de irrigação e nitrogênio no feijoeiro comum cultivado em sistema plantio direto

With technological innovations, such as irrigation, the bean has been grown by producers who have the most varied levels of technology that, in suitable times, allows the planting great success in grain yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of the dry bean to different managements of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization with no-tillage system, in Aquidauana - MS, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), with the soil of the area classified as Alfisol, using the bean crop "Perola" sown on June 30, 2007. The experimental design was a randomized block split-plot consisting of three blocks and two replications within each block. The plots were composed of three management of irrigation, by the Class A pan method, using Hargreaves-Samani equation, and management by tensiometry (-40 kPa), with water replacement of 16.5 mm for all irrigation plots. The subplots consisted on four rates of nitrogen fertilization (0; 50; 100 and 150 kg ha(-1)), in which the nitrogen source was urea. It was concluded that the irrigation management through the Class A pan and Hargreaves-Samani equation conduced to higher grain yields of bean, 3031.11 and 3005.02 kg ha(-1) respectively.

Growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of cowpea in soils amended with composted tannery sludge

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio para híbridos de mamona no sistema plantio direto em safrinha

The castor bean cultivation has a high demand for nitrogen, in addition, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in most cases is low, so that this essential nutrient is provided at the appropriate time. The objective was to study the time nitrogen application in castor bean hybrids under no-till system in off-season. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area located in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, for two growing off-seasons (2006 and 2007). The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot design, with four replications. The plots were constituted by two castor bean hybrids (Lyra/Savana in 2006 and Lyra/Sara in 2007). Six combination of times out rates (0-0, 0-100, 100-0, 30-70, 70-30, 50-50 kg ha-1 of N) side dressing nitrogen fertilization constituted the subplots. The N source used was ammonium nitrate, applied 20 days after emergence and 40 days after emergence. Measurements were carried out: dry matter production of shoots, nitrate and ammonium leaf, leaf analysis, yield components and nitrogen factor utilization. The highest grain yield was obtained to the hybrid Lyra with nitrogen fertilization. In 2006 the highest nitrogen utilization factor to the hybrid Lyra was obtained with the form 70-30 and in the 2007 with 50-50.

Nitrogen and potassium fertilization of 'Nanicao' banana (Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup) under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions

A field experiment was carried out in São Paulo State, Brazil, with the objective of investigating the response of 'Nanicao' banana (Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup) to nitrogen and potassium fertilization under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions during two crop seasons. The effects of cropping on some soil chemical properties were also investigated. A split-plot design was used with irrigation (micro-sprinkler) and no irrigation applied to main plots, and a combination of four rates of N (0, 200, 400 and 800 kg N ha-1) and K (0, 300, 600 and 900 kg K2O ha-1) as the sub-plot treatments. Irrigation caused a significant increase in fruit yield and determined the response to N and K fertilizers. In spite of a high level of exchangeable K, a positive response to K application was observed on the plant crop in non-irrigated plants. Fruit yield was impaired by N application in the plant crop (1st cycle). A positive response to N application was observed in the 2nd cycle. Soil pH decreased with increasing N rates. Exchangeable K was significantly reduced due to crop exhaustion.

Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio no feijoeiro irrigado cultivado em plantio direto

The nitrogen is the nutrient required in greatest quantities by the bean crop and the response to its application depends on the applied N rate as well as the time of its application. The objective of this work was to evaluate yield components, grain productivity and physiological quality of bean seeds, affected by different nitrogen (urea) rates top-dressed at three crop growth stages. The experiment was conducted in no-till system. The treatments were constituted by 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg ha-1 N top-dressed at V4-5, R5 and R6 growth stages, corresponding to 21, 32 and 38 days after plant emergence, respectively. Seed physiological quality was evaluated by germination and vigor tests. Nitrogen applied at different crop growth stages did not interfere on the yield components, but interfered on bean productivity. Maximum grain productivity was obtained with top-dressed 164 kg ha-1 N, independently of growth stage application. Seed physiological quality was not affected by the treatments, fitting in the category of seeds for commercialization.

AMMONIUM AND NITRATE IN SOIL AND RATOON SUGARCANE GROWN IN FUNCTION OF NITROGEN ON OXISOL

After harvest, sugarcane residues left on the soil surface can alter nitrogen (N) dynamics in the plant-soil system. In Oxisols, the nitrogen fertilizer applied had its effects on the levels of ammonium and nitrate in the soil, N concentration in the plant leaves, and on the growth and productivity of second ratoon plants. The N rates tested were of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1. Each treatment was replicated four times. Four months after the experiment was started, ammonium and nitrate concentration in the soil, N levels in plant leaves, and plant growth were evaluated. Productivity was evaluated 11 months after the experiment was set. By increasing the content of mineral N in soil, plant growth variables reflected differences in the production of stems; however, it did not affect foliar N. The use of leaf analysis was not important to assess the nutritional status of nitrogen in the ratoon sugarcane. Nitrogen concentration in soil was affected by nitrogen fertilization, but not the N content in leaves. The rate of 138 kg N ha-1enabled greater production of sugarcane stalks (140 t ha-1). © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Adubação nitrogenada e inoculação com rizóbio no feijoeiro em sucessão ao milho consorciado com braquiárias no sistema plantio direto

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na nutrição, produção e qualidade do feijoeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Manejo da adubação nitrogenada em híbridos de mamona de porte baixo cultivados na safra e na safrinha em sistema plantio direto

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Plantas de cobertura em pré-safra e aplicação de nitrogênio na cultura do milho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)