913 resultados para Avaliação da fertilidade do solo
AVALIAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA APA CORUMBATAI SEGUNDO CRITÉRIOS DE ERODIBILIDADE DO SOLO E COBERTURA VEGETAL
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O objetivo do presente foi avaliar a Vulnerabilidade Ambiental da APA Corumbataí, segundo uma análise multicritério, em ambiente SIG, visando o ordenamento do uso e cobertura vegetal. Os fatores definidos foram: distância dos recursos hídricos, erodibilidade do solo, declividade, geologia, geomorfologia e cobertura vegetal. Segundo a influência que cada um dos fatores apresenta no processo de avaliação da vulnerabilidade, eles foram ponderados por meio do interpolador Media Ponderada, no SIG. Esse procedimento culminou em duas propostas de mapas de Vulnerabilidades Ambiental: tendo como fator determinante a cobertura vegetal, no primeiro caso, e a erodibilidade do solo, no segundo. A avaliação comparativa dos dois modelos evidenciou situações bastante homogêneas, embora a ponderação tenda a uma análise subjetiva. Em ambas as propostas, a ocorrência das classes se apresentou na seguinte ordem, de maior a menor freqüência: Alta, Média, Muito Alta e Baixa vulnerabilidade; a classe Muito Baixa foi inexpressiva. A segunda proposta apresentou valores mais representativos das classes alta e muito alta, e por ser uma propriedade intrínseca dos solos e estática quando comparada com a dinâmica de uso e cobertura vegetal, entende-se como a melhor opção quanto a escolha dos modelos trabalhados para a área estudada. Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade Ambiental, APA Corumbataí, SIG, Análise Multicritério.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB
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Petroleum and its subproducts are considered a treat for the environmental quality because of the many environmental accidents that may occur during exploitation, transport and storage. A common remediation technique used in the contaminated areas is based on the use of surfactants, mainly the chemical ones, because they have low production costs. In the other hand, some microorganisms have indicate capacities of producing surfactants that emulsify substances and as result, offer a bigger contact surface for the microbiota degradation. This biossurfactants stand out in comparison with the chemical surfactants because they present lower micelar concentration values, are more tolerant for temperature and pH variation, because they are biodegradable, have low toxicity, higher emulsification and hydrocarbon solubilization index. In this way, after the surfactant application, a toxicity evaluation have to be made to identify the treatment effects. In soil, the activity of some microbial enzymes can show the environmental behavior of the contaminant under different treatment conditions. Dehydrogenase is one example of those enzymes that can demonstrate indirectly the effect of the pollutant on the soil microorganisms. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the toxicity after the addition of a surfactant and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI in soil contaminated by a mineral automotive lubricant. The previous mentioned bacteria are a potential biossurfactant (rhamnolipid) producer. In order to evaluate the toxicity, the dehydrogenase test was run. In this test, trifeniltetrazolium compound (TTC) after utilized as an electron acceptor, turns into trifenil formazan (TPF), that can be indirectly quantified using the absorbance measured by the spectrophotometer UV-visible. In this way, it was possible to quantify the dehydrogenase activity from the contaminated soil samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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O Brasil possui um enorme potencial de plantas medicinais usadas popularmente e ainda pouco estudadas pela comunidade científica. Dentro da família Polygonaceae, destaca-se a espécie Polygonum punctatum Ell., conhecida popularmente como erva-de-bicho, acataia, cataia, capiçoba, pimenta-do brejo ou pimenta-da-água. Essa espécie é perene e encontrada em lugares úmidos ou inundados, desenvolvendo-se preferencialmente em solo de boa fertilidade, areno-argiloso ou argiloso e com bom teor de matéria orgânica. É originária da Ásia e encontra-se aclimatada no Brasil em todos os Estados, particularmente no Rio Grande do Sul, Sul e Sudeste (LOPES et al., 2003). Há relatos de que na medicina popular faz-se o uso de todas as partes da planta para as mais diversas finalidades, tais como: antidisentérica, antisséptica, detersiva, diurética, antitérmica, anti-reumática, vermífuga e excelente cicatrizante de feridas e úlceras. E que por ser fortemente emenagoga e abortiva, seu uso não é recomendado para gestantes (MORGAN, 1984). Dentre as propriedades terapêuticas relatadas, destaca-se também o uso no tratamento de problemas circulatórios, visto que ela estimula a circulação e diminui a fragilidade capilar, e que por isso, apresenta um efeito hemostático bastante útil no tratamento de hemorróidas (TESKE e TRENTINI, 1995). No entanto, plantas medicinais utilizadas popularmente necessitam de estudos científicos que comprovem sua eficácia, segurança e qualidade. A espécie Polygonum acre H.B.K. (sinonímia de Polygonum punctatum Ell) possui poucos estudos científicos comprovando essa vasta utilização na medicina popular, sendo assim, se faz necessário estudar atentamente seus extratos e óleos essenciais, bem como associar a estes, estudos fitoquímicos e de identificação anatômica e morfológica para que não haja problemas que comprometam a qualidade e a eficácia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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This work aimed to evaluate some aspects of construction and operation of full-scale best management practices and their effects on infiltration loading rate. Two systems were studied: i) filter-swale-trench (FST) and ii) infiltration well (IW). In these units, field essays and full-scale measurements were made in order to assess the soil permeability. Further, the fine particles transportation and the geotextile blanket permeability were determined before and after operation. The results pointed out that there were soil transportation to inside the FST and IW systems, despite of the installed protections, and that these material were responsible for diminishing the geotextile (reduction from 30 to 90% for FST and 40 to 70% for IW) and the full-scale infiltration loading rates (varying from 4,7 x 10-6 to 10-5 m.s-1).
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA
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The planting of seedlings, the establishment and maintenance of the natural regeneration process, or the combination thereof, are methods used in the recovery of degraded or disturbed environments, however, often require the addition of soil conditioners. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of conditioners, introduced in degraded soil on growth and nutritional status of Astronium fraxinifolium seedlings. To conduct the experimentation were used as degraded soil conditioner, ash from sugarcane bagasse (CZ) and macrophytes (MC), at the doses of 0, 15, 30 and 45 t ha-1 and 0, 16 and 32 t ha-1 respectively, which combined produced 12 treatments, with three replications, and for field installation, was used the experimental randomized block design. Astronium fraxinifolium (Gonçalo Alves) seedlings, native tree species in cerrado, were introduced in the experimental area and, after 12 months, were evaluated for leaf concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively). Seedlings and adult plants of A. fraxinifolium were collected in preserved cerrado reserve were also analyzed for nutrients foliar concentration to perform a comparative analysis. The leaves collection in the preserved cerrado and experimental area, was accompanied by soil sampling (0.0 - 0,20 m deep), which was analyzed for phosphorus, OM (organic matter), pH, K, Ca, Mg, Al+H (potential acidity), Al (aluminum), Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The results show that the applied residues contributed to raise the foliar concentration of Cu and Fe. The foliar concentration of nutrients was higher in A. fraxinifolium seedlings from preserved cerrado, except for B, which was similar between areas, besides Cu and Fe with higher levels in the seedlings from experimental area. The combined addition of residues (MC and CZ), led to increase the plants height and diameter. This...
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Water erosion is one of the main processes responsible for soil degradation, resulting in loss of parcels of land suitable for agriculture, to the loss of agricultural inputs and the resulting drift of pesticides and excess sediment to rivers, causing phenomena such as the siltation and eutrophication of water bodies. Such a scenario makes it necessary to perform work of a technical and scientific to provide subsidies to land-use planning, in order to protect natural resources biotic and abiotic. To develop this work is necessary to find a unit of analysis capable of integrating the different elements of the landscape, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. Therefore we adopt for this work the watershed as main unit studies. From this question, this project will focus on the assessment of surface water erosion through MEUPS (Equation Modified Universal Soil Loss) predictive model. With the aid of maps, remote sensing products, and the use of geotechnology, this study aims to evaluate for the for Natural Erosion Potential the basin of the Jacutinga river, located in Rio Claro - SP