Iowa Board of Dental Examiners, August 5, 2003, Vol 1, no. 2

Newsletter produced by the Iowa Dental Board.

Iowa Board of Dental Examiners, October 27, 2003, Vol 1, no. 3

Newsletter produced by the Iowa Dental Board.

Iowa Board of Dental Examiners, March 29, 2004, Vol 2, no. 1

Newsletter produced by the Iowa Dental Board.

Iowa Board of Dental Examiners, September, 2004, Vol 2, no. 2

Newsletter produced by the Iowa Dental Board.

Iowa Board of Dental Examiners, April 2005, Issue 6

Newsletter produced by the Iowa Dental Board.

Iowa Board of Dental Examiners, January 2006, Issue 7

Newsletter produced by the Iowa Dental Board.

Iowa Board of Dental Examiners, July 8

Newsletter produced by the Iowa Dental Board.

Fluoride supplements (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gums) for preventing dental caries in children.

BACKGROUND: Dietary fluoride supplements were first introduced to provide systemic fluoride in areas where water fluoridation is not available. Since 1990, the use of fluoride supplements in caries prevention has been re-evaluated in several countries. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of fluoride supplements for preventing dental caries in children. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 12 October 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 3), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 12 October 2011), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 12 October 2011), WHOLIS/PAHO/MEDCARIB/LILACS/BBO via BIREME (1982 to 12 October 2011), and Current Controlled Trials (to 12 October 2011). We handsearched reference lists of articles and contacted selected authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing, with minimum follow-up of 2 years, fluoride supplements (tablets, drops, lozenges) with no fluoride supplement or with other preventive measures such as topical fluorides in children less than 16 years of age at the start. The main outcome was caries increment measured by the change in decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors, independently and in duplicate, assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion, and carried out risk of bias assessment and data extraction. In the event of disagreement, we sought consensus and consulted a third review author. We contacted trial authors for missing information. We used the prevented fraction (PF) as a metric for evaluating the efficacy of the intervention. The PF is defined as the mean caries increment in controls minus mean caries increment in the treated group divided by mean caries increment in controls. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses when data could be pooled. We assessed heterogeneity in the results of the studies by examining forest plots and by using formal tests for homogeneity. We recorded adverse effects (fluorosis) when the studies provided relevant data. MAIN RESULTS: We included 11 studies in the review involving 7196 children.In permanent teeth, when fluoride supplements were compared with no fluoride supplement (three studies), the use of fluoride supplements was associated with a 24% (95% confidence interval (CI) 16 to 33%) reduction in decayed, missing and filled surfaces (D(M)FS). The effect of fluoride supplements was unclear on deciduous or primary teeth. In one study, no caries-inhibiting effect was observed on deciduous teeth while in another study, the use of fluoride supplements was associated with a substantial reduction in caries increment.When fluoride supplements were compared with topical fluorides or with other preventive measures, there was no differential effect on permanent or deciduous teeth.The review found limited information on the adverse effects associated with the use of fluoride supplements. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that the use of fluoride supplements is associated with a reduction in caries increment when compared with no fluoride supplement in permanent teeth. The effect of fluoride supplements was unclear on deciduous teeth. When compared with the administration of topical fluorides, no differential effect was observed. We rated 10 trials as being at unclear risk of bias and one at high risk of bias, and therefore the trials provide weak evidence about the efficacy of fluoride supplements.

Round robin test: wear of nine dental restorative materials in six different wear simulators - supplement to the round robin test of 2005.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to submit the same materials that were tested in the round robin wear test of 2002/2003 to the Alabama wear method. METHODS: Nine restorative materials, seven composites (belleGlass, Chromasit, Estenia, Heliomolar, SureFil, Targis, Tetric Ceram) an amalgam (Amalcap) and a ceramic (IPS Empress) have been submitted to the Alabama wear method for localized and generalized wear. The test centre did not know which brand they were testing. Both volumetric and vertical loss had been determined with an optical sensor. After completion of the wear test, the raw data were sent to IVOCLAR for further analysis. The statistical analysis of the data included logarithmic transformation of the data, the calculation of relative ranks of each material within each test centre, measures of agreement between methods, the discrimination power and coefficient of variation of each method as well as measures of the consistency and global performance for each material. RESULTS: Relative ranks of the materials varied tremendously between the test centres. When all materials were taken into account and the test methods compared with each other, only ACTA agreed reasonably well with two other methods, i.e. OHSU and ZURICH. On the other hand, MUNICH did not agree with the other methods at all. The ZURICH method showed the lowest discrimination power, ACTA, IVOCLAR and ALABAMA localized the highest. Material-wise, the best global performance was achieved by the leucite reinforced ceramic material Empress, which was clearly ahead of belleGlass, SureFil and Estenia. In contrast, Heliomolar, Tetric Ceram and especially Chromasit demonstrated a poor global performance. The best consistency was achieved by SureFil, Tetric Ceram and Chromasit, whereas the consistency of Amalcap and Heliomolar was poor. When comparing the laboratory data with clinical data, a significant agreement was found for the IVOCLAR and ALABAMA generalized wear method. SIGNIFICANCE: As the different wear simulator settings measure different wear mechanisms, it seems reasonable to combine at least two different wear settings to assess the wear resistance of a new material.

O cuidado com o elo entre saúde e educação

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa, realizada em creche, na qual buscou-se compreender a prática dos educadores infantis em torno do cuidado com as crianças, num contexto educativo, sob a ótica da saúde.

Políticas integradas de educação e cuidado infantil: desafios, armadilhas e possibilidades

Este artigo é uma síntese de pesquisa realizada no âmbito da OCDE e da Unesco em 2001 sobre o desenvolvimento e implementação de serviços integrados ou coordenados de educação e cuidado infantil em uma perspectiva sistêmica, sublinhando aspectos pertinentes a países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. O tema central da discussão é a proposta de um novo modelo de sistema integrado, em que a responsabilidade pela educação e cuidado infantil deixa de ser exclusiva da família para ser compartilhada por toda a sociedade. Essa mudança de paradigma pressupõe a legitimação da socialização infantil extrafamiliar, tornando a educação da criança pequena uma questão ao mesmo tempo pública e privada. A pesquisa aponta as implicações desse modelo para o desenvolvimento de políticas e práticas e identifica tendências convergentes e divergentes entre os países analisados, assim como os principais desafios e armadilhas que se apresentam no caminho rumo a uma política de integração consistente e coerente.

Predictors of endocarditis in isolates from cultures of blood following dental extractions in rats with periodontal disease.

Rats with periodontitis and catheter-induced aortic valve vegetations underwent dental extractions. Cultures of blood obtained 1 min later showed polymicrobial bacteremia in 19 of 19 rats, mostly due to viridans streptococci (18 of 19), Morganella (15 of 19), group G streptococci (13 of 19), and Staphylococcus aureus (10 of 19). Viridans streptococci circulated in higher numbers than did group G streptococci and S. aureus (P less than .01). Three days after dental extractions, 18 of 20 rats had endocarditis. Fifteen (83%) of 18 infections were due to group G streptococci, 9 (50%) of 18 were due to S. aureus, and 2 (11%) of 18 were due to viridans streptococci (P less than .05). In vitro, adherence to platelet-fibrin matrices of endocarditis strain 8 of group G streptococcus was two times greater than that of endocarditis strain S. aureus 23 and three to four times greater than that of Streptococcus sanguis 44 and Morganella morganii 93 (P less than 10(-5)). The inoculum size that produced endocarditis in 90% of rats after iv challenge was 10(5) cfu for group G streptococcus strain 8 and 10(7) for S. sanguis 44.

Arenas de cuidado nas interseções entre gênero e classe social no Brasil

A passagem das mulheres do trabalho não pago para o trabalho remunerado, desde meados do século XX, como decorrência da reestruturação das economias capitalistas e, sobretudo, do crescimento do setor de serviços, acelerou o processo de desfamilização do cuidado das crianças pequenas, que vai sendo cada vez mais compartilhado com instituições públicas ou privadas. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar como funcionam alguns dos dispositivos de cuidado no Brasil, em particular a família, a legislação trabalhista e a educação infantil, privilegiando a ótica de gênero e classe social. Trata-se de compreender como tais arenas de cuidado influenciam a quantidade e a qualidade da participação das mães no mercado de trabalho.

Emociones de ancianos beneficiarios de programas sociales en metrópoli de Guadalajara

En este artículo se analizan las emociones y los significados que ancianos en situación de pobreza establecen respecto a los programas sociales de los que son beneficiarios. Este estudio etnográfico se realizó en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara México a partir de entrevistas abiertas y observaciones no participantes en las viviendas de los adultos mayores. La información se trabajó con análisis de contenido temático. En los resultados se analiza de qué manera los programas sociales de gobierno impactan el bienestar emocional y el posicionamiento familiar y social del envejecido.