Jungle yellow fever: clinical and laboratorial sudies emphasizing viremia on a human case

The authors report the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological aspects of a human case of jungle yellow fever. The patient suffered from fever, chills, sweating, headaches, backaches, myalgia, epigastric pains, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and prostration. He was unvaccinated and had been working in areas where cases of jungle yellow fever had been confirmed. Investigations concerning the yellow fever virus were performed. Blood samples were collected on several days in the course of the illness. Three of these samples (those obtained on days 5,7 and 10) were inoculated into suckling mice in attempt to isolate virus and to titrate the viremia level. Serological surveys were carried out by using the IgM Antibodies Capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (MAC-ELISA), Complement Fixation (CF), Hemagglulinalion Inhibition (HI) and Neutralization (N) tests. The yellow fever virus, recovered from the two first samples and the virus titration, showed high level of viremia. After that, specific antibodies appeared in all samples. The interval between the end of the viremia and the appearance of the antibodies was associated with the worsening of clinical symptoms, including bleeding of the mucous membrane. One must be aware of the risk of having a urban epidemics in areas where Aedes aegypti is found in high infestation indexes.

TRANFUSION-TRANSMITED VIRUS (TTV) IN BRAZIL. PRELIMINARY REPORT

TTV is a recently discovered DNA virus, isolated from a patient with post-transfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology by Japanese researchers. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of TTV among chronic liver diseases patients in São Paulo and Pará states, representing two geographically distinct Brazilian regions. TTV DNA was found in 21/105 (20%) and 9/20 (45%) cases from São Paulo and Pará States, respectively. DNA sequence data confirmed the presence of TTV genotypes 1a and 2a, as well as other genotypes not yet described. In conclusion, TTV is present in chronic liver diseases cases from Southeast and North Brazil. However, further studies involving healthy populations are necessary before establishing any causal relationship among TTV and human hepatitis.

Morbidity and survival in advanced AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Opportunistic diseases (OD) are the most common cause of death in AIDS patients. To access the incidence of OD and survival in advanced immunodeficiency, we included 79 patients with AIDS treated at Hospital Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ) from September 1997 to December 1999 with at least one CD4 count <=100 cells/mm³. The incidence of OD was analyzed by Poisson's regression, and survival by Kaplan Meier and Cox analysis, considering a retrospective (before CD4 <=100 cells/mm³) and a prospective (after CD4 <=100 cells/mm³) period, and controlling for demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. The confidence interval estipulated was 95%. Mean follow-up period was 733 days (CI = 683-782). During the study 9 (11.4%) patients died. Survival from AIDS diagnosis was a mean of 2589 days (CI = 2363-2816) and from the date of the CD4 count CD4 <=100 cells/mm³ was a mean of 1376 (CI = 1181-1572) days. Incidence of OD was 0.51 pp/y before CD4 <= 100 cells/mm³ and 0.29 pp/y after CD4 <= 100 cells/mm³. A lower number of ODs before CD4 < 100 cells/mm³ was associated with lower incidence rates after CD4 <= 100 cells/mm³. AIDS diagnosis based on CD4+ counts <= 200 cells/mm³ was associated with lower incidence rates after CD4 <= 100 cells/mm³. Baseline CD4 counts above 50 cells/mm³ (HR = 0.13) and restoration of baseline CD4+ counts above 100 cells/mm³ (HR = 0.16) were associated with a lower risk of death. Controling both variables, only restoration of baseline counts was statistically significant (HR = 0.22, p = 0.04). We found a very low incidence of OD and long survival after CD4 < 100 cells/mm³. Survival was significantly associated with restoration of baseline CD4 counts above 100 cells/mm³.

Human papillomavirus status and cervical abnormalities in women from public and private health care in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

This article reports the HPV status and cervical cytological abnormalities in patients attended at public and private gynecological services from Rio de Janeiro State. It also comments the performance of each HPV DNA tests used. A set of 454 women from private health clinics was tested by routine Capture Hybrid II HPV DNA assay. Among these, 58.4% presented HPV and nearly 90% of them were infected by high risk HPV types. However, this group presented few premalignant cervical lesions and no invasive cervical cancer was registered. We also studied 220 women from low income class attended at public health system. They were HPV tested by polymerase chain reaction using My09/11 primers followed by HPV typing with E6 specific primers. The overall HPV prevalence was 77.3%. They also showed a high percentage of high squamous intraepithelial lesion-HSIL (26.3%), and invasive cervical carcinoma (16.3%). HPV infection was found in 93.1% and 94.4% of them, respectively. The mean ages in both groups were 31.5 and 38 years, respectively. In series 1, HPV prevalence declined with age, data consistent with viral transient infection. In series 2, HPV prevalence did not decline, independent of age interval, supporting not only the idea of viral persistence into this group, but also regional epidemiological variations in the same geographic area. Significant cytological differences were seen between both groups. Normal and benign cases were the most prevalent cytological findings in series 1 while pre-malignant lesions were the most common diagnosis in the series 2. HPV prevalence in normal cases were statistically higher than those from series 1 (p < 0.001), indicating a higher exposure to HPV infection. Women from both samples were referred for previous abnormal cytology. However, socio-demographic evidence shows that women from series 1 have access to treatment more easily and faster than women from series 2 before the development of pre-malignant lesions. These data provides baseline support for the role of social inequalities linked to high risk HPV infection leading to cervical cancer. Broadly screening programs and the development of safe and effective vaccines against HPV would diminish the toll of this disease that affect mainly poor women.

Características epidemiológicas da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em uma região endêmica do Estado da Bahia: II leishmaniose canina

Um inquérito em cães realizado na região de Três Braços, Bahia, mostrou que 3,0% de 98 animais tinham amastigotas em lesões de pele. Parasitos não foram encontrados em pele normal da orelha. De uma amostra selecionada de 13 cães, portadores de lesão cutânea ativa, nove (69,2%) deles estavam comprovadamente infectados. Sete amostras de lesão produziram infecção em hamsters. O estudo biológico (crescimento em meio de cultura, evolução da lesão em hamster e desenvolvimento no tubo digestivo de Lutzomyia longipalpis) identificou o parasito como pertencente ao complexo L. braziliensis. A caracterização bioquímica (mobilidade eletroforética de enzimas em placas de acetato de celulose) e o estudo imunotaxonômico (anticorpos monoclonais) definiram as amostras como L. braziliensis braziliensis. O papel do cão como um possível reservatório de L. b. braziliensis na região de Três Braços é discutido.

Jornada Científica da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (4. : 2015 : Sinop, MT).

A IV Jornada Científica da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (Jcea) teve como objetivo promover o intercâmbio de conhecimento entre pesquisadores, estudantes e estagiários, colocando em discussão temas relevantes para pesquisa e inovação. Objetivou também valorizar alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, estimulando sua adesão e consolidando sua participação no meio científico e, por fim, divulgar os resultados obtidos. A IV Jcea aconteceu no período de 18 a 20 de agosto de 2015. Foram realizadas duas palestras e seções de apresentação de trabalho em formato de pôster e oral. A programação completa segue abaixo. Como em edições anteriores, foram mantidas atividades de interesse dos participantes, como a publicação e a apresentação de trabalhos técnico-científicos. Nesta edição, foram submetidos ao todo 36 resumos, destes, foram selecionados 18 para apresentação oral. O comitê selecionou os três melhores trabalhos e estes foram premiados com uma menção honrosa. Também foram aceitos para publicação uma revisão de literatura e um relato de caso. O Núcleo de Apoio a Projetos, o Comitê de Iniciação Científica e o Núcleo de Comunicação Organizacional foram responsáveis pela organização do evento.

Semana Acadêmica - Sinop/2014, 1., 2014, Sinop, MT.

"Visando desenvolver um espaço que possibilite a discussão e a troca de conhecimentos fundamentais na formação dos profissionais comprometidos com os problemas contemporâneos, a Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop e a Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril promovem a SEMANA ACADÊMICA ? Sinop/2014, de 13 a 16 de outubro de 2014. A Semana Acadêmica vai agregar quatro eventos paralelos "Seminário Integrador PIBID e Tutoria"; "Mostra de Ensino e Extensão"; "XXII Seminário de Iniciação Científica" e "III Jornada Científica da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril" Em ação conjunta da UFMT, através de suas Pró-Reitorias, a saber, Pró-Reitoria de Ensino de Graduação, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Pró-Reitoria de Cultura, Extensão e Vivência, Pró-Reitoria do Campus Universitário de Sinop e da Embrapa, através de várias Unidades que desenvolvem trabalhos em Mato Grosso, a Semana Acadêmica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, campus Sinop ? 2014, objetiva elevar a valorização dos acadêmicos, incentivar a divulgação de trabalhos de pesquisa, ensino e extensão, estimular as atividades de investigação, promovendo debates interdisciplinares para o desenvolvimento institucional, profissional e pessoal. A comissão organizadora espera que aproximadamente 600 trabalhos sejam apresentados, com destaque às sessões científicas, como parte do Programa Institucional de Iniciação Científica, Extensão como parte do Programa de Extensão da UFMT e de Monitoria e Tutoria como parte dos Programas de Ensino de Graduação. O evento será composto por palestras e apresentação de trabalhos de Iniciação Científica, Extensão e Graduação desenvolvidas na UFMT, Campus Sinop e pela Embrapa, consolidando assim, um espaço para divulgação e troca de experiências no Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão.

Influência de diferentes sistemas alimentares nos atributos da carcaça e da carne de novilhos.

Objetivou-se avaliar as características da carcaça e da carne de novilhos submetidos a diferentes sistemas alimentares.

Assessment of hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas using a field scale anoxic biotrickling filter.

Hydrogen sulphide is one of the most toxic and corrosive compound present in swine-derived biogas streams.In this study, afield scale biotrickling filter for the removal of hydrogen sulfide was investigated.A Biofilter packed with supporting biofilm materials was fed continuously with a proprietary nutrient solution and operatedfor over 73days. The system has been operating with a H2S inlet concentrations ranging from 1,000to 3,000 ppm.Significant removal efficiencies >95% was demonstrated. pH of the stock feeding solution decreased from 6.2 to as low as 3.5within couple days.The resulting drop in pH provided circumstantial evidence to support biological H2 Soxidation to sulphuric acid by sulfide-oxidizers. Sulfur precipitation was also observed to occur. The results suggested that H2S removal from biogas stream can be efficiently achieved using portable, low cost and maintenance free biotrickling filters.

Use of swine waste-derived biogas to enhance microalgae productivity.

The effects of swine wastewater-derived biogas on microalgae productivity were determined. Experiments were conducted in a closed photobioreactor containing digestate effluent as culturing media and biogas in the headspaceas source of CO2. Experiments were carried out under mixothrophic and autothrophic conditions. Results showed that autotrophic growth rate (0.6 d-1)was twofoldfaster than mixotrophic. Frequent reinjections of biogas containing up to 2,000 ppm of hydrogen sulfide was not inhibitory to microalgae growth. The rapid removal of H2S in the system suggests photobioreactors can be an interesting alternative to biogas purification. A model to estimate microalgae productivity based on the amount of available CO2, inorganic and organic carbon was developedand showed good data fit correlation (r²= 0.99).

Determination of microalgae cellular composition after phycoremediation of swine wastewaters.

Phycoremediation of swine wastewaters has been widely reported as an attractive tertiary treatment system, that effectively removes the excessive nutrient loadswhilst offering a valuable source of feedstock biomass. Digestate from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB, 6%v/v) and a nitrification reactor (NR; 50% v/v) were used as culturing media to microalgae. Experiments were carried out in lab scale photobioreactors (PBRs) using a consortia of Chlorella and Scenedesmus. Ammonia (44 to 90%) and phosphorus (77%) were efficiently removed from both effluents tested after 4 days. Microalgae biomass harvested from the UASB effluent showed 57, 34 and 1% of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, respectively. Comparatively, the cellular composition of microalgae grown on NR effluent had lower protein (43%) but higher carbohydrate (42%) contents. Negligible difference in lipid fraction was observed independently of the effluents tested. The results suggest that the biomass harvested from phycoremediation of swine wastewaters can offer a valuable protein and carbohydrate feedstock for nutritional and biotechnological applications.

Apparent metabolizable energy from microalgae spirulina maxima for broiler chickens.

2016

Broiler chicken ileal apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus from microalgae spirulina maxima.

2016