Iowa Technology Governance Board Annual Report, January 9, 2006

This is the annual report of the Technology Governance Board that is established in Iowa Code Section 8A.204. This annual report was produced in compliance with Iowa Code §8A.204(3a) and was submitted to the Governor, the Department of Management, and the General Assembly on January 9, 2006.

Annual Report of Highway Division Highway Research and Development in Iowa for the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 2005

The Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation engages in research and development for two reasons: first, to find workable solutions to the many problems that require more than ordinary, routine investigation; second, to identify and implement improved engineering and management practices. This report, entitled Highway Division Highway Research and Development in Iowa, is submitted in compliance with Sections 310.36 and 312.3A, Code of Iowa, which direct the submission of a report of the Secondary Road Research Fund and the Street Research Fund respectively. It is a report of the status of research and development projects, which were in progress on June 30, 2005; it is also a report on projects completed during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2004, and ending June 30, 2005. Detailed information on each of the research and development projects mentioned in this report is available in the Research and Technology Bureau in the Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation.

Is There a Crime Drop in Western Europe?

Combining data from police statistics and crime victim surveys, this article analyses the evolution of crime in Western Europe from 1988 to 2007. The results show that there is no general drop in crime. Property offences and homicide have been decreasing since the mid 1990s, while violent and drug offences have increased during the period under study. These trends highlight the limits of the explanations to the crime drop in the United States, which are based on the premise of a correlation in the evolution of all offences. The drop in property offences seems related to changes in the socioeconomic situation in Europe as well as to increases in security measures in households, and the reinforcement of private security. The increase in violent offences can be explained by the combination of several factors, including changes in youth's free time provoked by the development of the Internet, changing demographics, and the rise of episodic heavy alcohol consumption and street gangs.

Iowa Technology Governance Board Annual Report, January 8, 2007

This Technology Governance Board Annual Report provides information o the total annual executive branch information technology expenditures (hardware, software, and personnel) and estimates for the amount of technology spending to be requested for the succeeding fiscal year. The report contains a projection of technology cost savings, an accounting of the level of technology cost savings for the current fiscal year, and a comparison of the level of technology cost savings for the current fiscal year with that of the previous fiscal year. This report was produced in compliance with Iowa Code §8A.204(3a) and was submitted to the Governor, the Department of Management, and the General Assembly on January 8, 2007.

Annual report of the Iowa Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities FY 2006

The Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation engages in research and development for two reasons: first, to find workable solutions to the many problems that require more than ordinary, routine investigation; and second, to identify and implement improved engineering and management practices. This report is submitted in compliance with Sections 310.36 and 312.3A, Code of Iowa, which direct the submission of a report of the Secondary Road Research Fund and the Street Research Fund, respectively. It is a report of the status of research and development projects, which were in progress on June 30, 2006; it is also a report on projects completed during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2005, and ending June 30, 2006.

Iowa Technology Governance Board Annual Report, January 2, 2008

This Technology Governance Board Annual Report provides information on the FY05 – FY09 Information Technology Personnel Spending; FY05 – FY09 Technology Equipment and Services Spending; and FY05 – FY09 Internal IT Expenditures with the Iowa Communications Network and Department of Administrative Services - Information Technology Enterprise. The report also contains a projection of technology cost savings. This report was produced in compliance with Iowa Code §8A.204(3a) and was submitted to the Governor, the Department of Management, and the General Assembly on January 2, 2008.

Report of Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities FY2007

The Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) engages in research and development for two reasons: first, to find workable solutions to the many problems that require more than ordinary, routine investigation; second, to identify and implement improved engineering and management practices. This report, entitled “Iowa Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities FY2007” is submitted in compliance with Sections 310.36 and 312.3A, Code of Iowa, which direct the submission of a report of the Secondary Road Research Fund and the Street Research Fund respectively. It is a report of the status of research and development projects, which were in progress on June 30, 2007; it is also a report on projects completed during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2006, and ending June 30, 2007. Detailed information on each of the research and development projects mentioned in this report is available in the Research and Technology Bureau in the Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation.

Mulheres imigrantes em Portugal : memórias, dificuldades de integração e projetos de vida

Nos últimos trinta anos tem sido desenvolvido pouco esforço concertado para incorporar o género nas teorias das migrações internacionais. As teorias das migrações têm-se centrado nas causas das imigrações, não conseguindo encontrar respostas para uma diversidade de questões. As teorias não proporcionam uma real compreensão sobre quem são as mulheres migrantes, sobre as condições em que as mulheres migram e não explicam o predomínio das mulheres em determinados fluxos laborais, em detrimento de outros. Não explicam, ainda, as circunstâncias que encorajam as mulheres a tornarem-se migrantes transnacionais, a entrarem em canais de tráfico ou a procurar asilo. A dificuldade à escala internacional em incorporar o género nos estudos das migrações pontua, naturalmente, os estudos em Portugal e diferentes áreas disciplinares tendem a centrar-se exclusivamente em determinados tipos de migrações, enfatizando diferentes explicações. Este estudo privilegia uma perspectiva psicológica de análise (para além das perspectivas sociológica e económica mais comuns na análise da temática). Nele as mulheres não representam uma das dimensões de análise, constituindo o próprio objecto de estudo.

Pi*-pi* bonding interactions generated by halogen oxidation of zirconium(IV) redox-active ligand complexes.

The new complex, [Zr(pda)2]n (1, pda2- = N,N'-bis(neo-pentyl)-ortho-phenylenediamide, n = 1 or 2), prepared by the reaction of 2 equiv of pdaLi2 with ZrCl4, reacts rapidly with halogen oxidants to afford the new product ZrX2(disq)2 (3, X = Cl, Br, I; disq- = N,N'-bis(neo-pentyl)-ortho-diiminosemiquinonate) in which each redox-active ligand has been oxidized by one electron. The oxidation products 3a-c have been structurally characterized and display an unusual parallel stacked arrangement of the disq- ligands in the solid state, with a separation of approximately 3 A. Density functional calculations show a bonding-type interaction between the SOMOs of the disq- ligands to form a unique HOMO while the antibonding linear combination forms a unique LUMO. This orbital configuration leads to a closed-shell-singlet ground-state electron configuration (S = 0). Temperature-dependent magnetism measurements indicate a low-lying triplet excited state at approximately 750 cm-1. In solution, 3a-c show strong disq--based absorption bands that are invariant across the halide series. Taken together these spectroscopic measurements provide experimental values for the one- and two-electron energies that characterize the pi-stacked bonding interaction between the two disq- ligands.

Projecto de Cooperacao Bilateral entre Cabo-Verde e os Países Baixos - Energias Renováveis - Relatório Final - 2ª Fase

o interesse da República de Cabo Verde na utiliza9ao da energia renovável é basicamente económico. O país é muito pobre e todo o custo de energia pesa profundamente na sua economia nacional,visto nao existirem recursos de energia "tradicional". A utiliza~ao da energia renovável para bombagem de água é por isso, de grande importancia porque reduz a importa~ao de petróleo. Tanto a energia eólica como a energia solar oferecem grandes possibilidades em Cabo Verde. O país está sendo atingido pelo pior e mais langa período de seca jamais experimentado na sua história. Pode-se imaginar os problemas enfrentados para abastecimento de água a populac~o, abeberamento de animais e irriga- .., , ,,, , ~ao das poucas areas agrlcolas. O abastecimento de água potável é extremamente importante neste país, é apenas para a sobrevivencia da maior parte da sua popula9ao rural (190.000 habitantes), com pouco poder aquisitivo dado a diminuisao da área agrícola irrigada e a quantidade de gado, nos últimos 15 anos. Na agricultura irrigada, de momento totalizando apenas 2.000 ha, utilizase relativamente grande quantidade de combustível, porque 50% consiste em irrigasao por bombagem. Por esta razao o governo de Cabo Verde estimula fortemente a utilizasao das energias renováveis. As actividades neste campo come~aram em 1977 com a cria~ao da Divisao de Energias Renováveis (DER) dentro do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Rural (MUR). O governo de Cabo Verde e a PNUD (Projecto PNUD CVI/76/X05 - Demonstrasao de Energia Nao Convenciorial) puseram fundos a disposi~ao. Este projecto contribuiu com 3 aerogeradores e um volontário, Sr. Van Meel, que trabalhou anteriormente no Grupo de Energia Eólica de Eindhoven e que faz parte do CWD. Desde o seu início, a Divisao deu prioridade a bombagem de água para o abastecimento de água potável, o que foi e continua a ser urna necessidade urgente nas Ilhas de Cabo Verde. Os Servi~os da Igreja Mundial ofereceram 25 aerobombas Dempster com ventoinha de 8' de diametro e mais tarde a UNICEF distribuiu 10 Dempsters de ]4'. Gradualmente mais organiza90es financiadoras envolveram-se nas actividades da DER, como por exemplo a ClMADE, FAC, Embaixada An~ricana, Embaixada do Canadá, ICCO, etc. O Ministério do Desenvolvimento e Coopera9ao dos Países Baixos (DGIS) encarregou- se, em 1979, da norneasao do voluntárío da PNUD. Também em 1979 a USAID envolveu-se. Foi reconhecido e implementado um projecto de energia renovável (ref. 1). Este projecto comecou em Agosto de 1980. O papel prin cipal do projecto consistia na aquisiq~o de material e equipamento para urna nova oficina da DER. Urna das premissas do projecto era que o DGIS prestaria assistencia él Divisao. A pedido do DGIS a CWD realizou um estudo sobre a viabilidade de aplica9ao de aerobombas durante o primeiro semestre de 1980 (ref. 2). O estudo revelou que 75% das necessidades de água por bombagem em Cabo Verde, pode ria ser desempenhado pelos moinhos. - O projecto proposto diz respeito nao apenas a assistencia técnica, mas também ao financiamento da nova oficina e a aquisi9ao de cerca de 30 moi nhos. Este projecto bilateral entre Cabo Verde e os Países Baixos - Energias Renováveis", depois da aprova<;ao de Cabo Verde e do DGIS, veia a comecar no dia 1 de Julho de 1981 e estendeu-se por 3 anos. O período de 1977 a Julho de 1981 classifica-se agora como a primeira fase das actividades. Durante este período o CWD contribuiu com a assist€ncia técnica. O período de Julho de 1981 a Julho de 1984 é classificado como segunda fase e será relatado neste documento. O projecto foi executado pela DER. O Director da DER é, desde Fevereiro de 1983, o Sr. Daniel Livramento, licenciado em Física (Brasil 1982). Outros funcionários do corpo directivo sao o Sr. David Cardoso (desde Novem bro de 1983) e muito recentemente, desde Maio de 1984, o Sr. F. Ferreira7 A colaboracao dos Países Baixos para o projecto tem sido efectuada por En genheiros Consultores do DHV, em nome e como associados do CWD. O Sr. K.Versteegh, consultor do CWD, comecou a trabalhar para o projecto em 1 de Julho de 1981 e o Sr. N.Pieterse,~consultordo CWD, em 15 de Setembro de 1981. O Sr. Van Meel deixou o projecto a 1 de Novembro de 1981. O projecto foi avaliado em Novembro de 1983, por urna missao tripartida (Cabo Verde, USAID, DGIS) - Ref. 3. As conclusoes desta missao de avaliacao foram, em geral, positivas e o prolongamento do projecto foi fortemen te recomendado, com €nfase sobre aprodu~ao local. Entretanto, a DER e o CWD prepararam urna proposta para a extensao do projecto por mais 3 anos (Ref. 4). Esta extensao foi aprovada por Cabo Verde e pelo DGIS. O Sr. Versteegh foi substituído em Julho de 1984 e o Sr. Pieterse será substituido em Setembro de 1984 pelos Srs. J.Diepens e H. van der Spek, respectivamente. O conteúdo deste relatório é o seguinte: No capitulo 2 é apresentada urna exposi~ao do trabalho que incluiu um resumo das actividades realizadas na fase 1. Nos restantes capítulos descrevem-se as actividades durante a segunda fase. O relatório divide-se em tr€s partes: la. Parte (capítulo 3 a 8) refere-se ao trabalho executado: instalacao, funcionamento e rnanutencao de aerobombas servi~o~ e materiais distribuidos J pessoal e organiza9ao finalidade e sistema económico revisao da pot€ncia da água bombeada apoio ao projecto relatórios 2a. Parte salienta alguns aspectos importantes do projecto: funcionamento e manuten9ao de aerobombas (Cp. 19) metodologia de selec~ao de locais (Cp. 10) alguns estudos dos sistemas de funcionamento (Cp. 1]) elabora~ao de dados do vento (Cp. ]2) rendirnento das aerobombas utilizadas pela DER (Cp. ]3) 3a. Parte apresenta as conclusoes e recomendações (Cp. 14)

Annual Report of Iowa Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities FY 08

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) engages in research and development for two reasons: first, to find workable solutions to the many problems that require more than ordinary, routine investigation; second, to identify and implement improved engineering and management practices. This report, entitled "Iowa Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities FY2008" is submitted in compliance with Sections 310.36 and 3 I2.3A, Code of Iowa, which direct the submission of a report of the Secondary Road Research Fund and the Street Research Fund respectively. It is a report of the status of research and development projects in progress on June 30, 2008; it is also a report on projects completed during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2007, and ending June 30, 2008. Detailed information on each of the research and development projects mentioned in this report is available in the Research and Technology Bureau in the Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation. IOWA HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD In developing a progressive, continuing and coordinated program of research and development, the Highway Division is assisted by the Iowa Highway Research Board. This advisory group was established in 1949 by the Iowa State Highway Commission to respond to the research denoted in Section 310.36 of the Code of Iowa and now is denoted by 312.3A. The Research Board consists of 15 regular members: seven Iowa county engineers, four Iowa DOT engineers, one representative from Iowa State University, one from The University of Iowa, and two engineers employed by Iowa municipalities. Each regular member may have an alternate who will serve at the request of the regular member. The regular members and their alternates are appointed for a three-year term. The membership of the Research Board as of June 30, 2008, is listed in Table I. The Research Board held nine regular meetings during the period ofJuly 1, 2007, to June 30, 2008. Suggestions for research and development were reviewed at these meetings and recommendations were made by the Board.

RAX and anophthalmia in humans: Evidence of brain anomalies.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical and genetic study of two families of Egyptian origin with clinical anophthalmia. To further determine the role of the retina and anterior neural fold homeobox gene (RAX) in anophthalmia and associated cerebral malformations. METHODS: Three patients with clinical anophthalmia and first-degree relatives from two consanguineous families of Egyptian origin underwent full ophthalmologic, general and neurologic examination, and blood tests. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in the index cases of both families. Genomic DNA was prepared from venous leukocytes, and direct sequencing of all the exons and intron-exon junctions of RAX was performed after PCR amplification. RESULTS: Clinical bilateral anophthalmia was observed in all three patients. General and neurologic examinations were normal; obesity and delay in psychomotor development were observed in the isolated case. Orbital MRI showed a hypoplastic orbit with present but rudimentary extraocular muscles and normal lacrimal glands. Cerebral MRI showed agenesis of the optic nerves, optic tracts, and optic chiasma. In the index case of family A, the absence of the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses was also noted. In the index case of family B, only the sphenoidal sinus was absent, and there was significant cortical atrophy. The three patients carried a novel homozygous c.543+3A>G mutation (IVS2+3A>G) in RAX. Parents were healthy heterozygous carriers. No mutations were detected in orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), ventral anterior homeobox 1 (VAX1), or sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a homozygous splicing RAX mutation associated with autosomal recessive bilateral anophthalmia. To our knowledge, only two isolated cases of anophthalmia, three null and one missense case affecting nuclear localization or the DNA-binding homeodomain, have been found to be caused by compound heterozygote RAX mutations. A novel missense RAX mutation was identified in three patients with bilateral anophthalmia and a distinct systemic and neurologic phenotype. The mutation potentially affects splicing of the last exon and is thought to result in a protein that has an aberrant homeodomain and no paired-tail domain. Functional consequences of this change still need to be characterized.

Annual Report of Iowa Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities 2007

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) engages in research and development for two reasons: first, to find workable solutions to the many problems that require more than ordinary, routine investigation; second, to identify and implement improved engineering and management practices. This report, entitled "Iowa Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities FY2008" is submitted in compliance with Sections 310.36 and 3 I2.3A, Code of Iowa, which direct the submission of a report of the Secondary Road Research Fund and the Street Research Fund respectively. It is a report of the status of research and development projects in progress on June 30, 2008; it is also a report on projects completed during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2007, and ending June 30, 2008. Detailed information on each of the research and development projects mentioned in this report is available in the Research and Technology Bureau in the Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation. IOWA HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD In developing a progressive, continuing and coordinated program of research and development, the Highway Division is assisted by the Iowa Highway Research Board. This advisory group was established in 1949 by the Iowa State Highway Commission to respond to the research denoted in Section 310.36 of the Code of Iowa and now is denoted by 312.3A. The Research Board consists of 15 regular members: seven Iowa county engineers, four Iowa DOT engineers, one representative from Iowa State University, one from The University of Iowa, and two engineers employed by Iowa municipalities. Each regular member may have an alternate who will serve at the request of the regular member. The regular members and their alternates are appointed for a three-year term. The membership of the Research Board as of June 30, 2008, is listed in Table I. The Research Board held nine regular meetings during the period ofJuly 1, 2007, to June 30, 2008. Suggestions for research and development were reviewed at these meetings and recommendations were made by the Board.