Ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums following harvest and cold storage as affected by inhibition of ethylene action

The inhibition of ethylene action by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) extends shelf and storage life of many climacteric fruits. However, 1-MCP appears to have limited effects on stone fruit depending on specie and cultivar. The effects of 1-MCP on ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums were determined during ripening at 23ºC following harvest and cold storage. Japanese plums (Prunus salicina, cv. Laetitia) were harvested at mature pre-climacteric stage, cooled to 2ºC within 36 hours of harvest and then treated with 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 or 1.00 muL L-1 of 1-MCP at 1°C for 24 hours. Following treatment, fruits were either held at 23ºC for 16 days or stored at 1ºC for 50 days. Fruits were removed from cold storage at 10-day intervals and allowed to ripe at 23°C for five days. A delay of climacteric respiration and ethylene production by 1-MCP treatment during ripening following harvest and cold storage was associated to a slow rate of fruit softening. 1-MCP treatment also delayed the loss of titratable acidity and changes of flesh and skin color, whereas it had little or no effect on soluble solids content. 1-MCP effects were concentration- and storage duration-dependent and, generally, a saturation fruit response to 1-MCP occurred between 0.5 and 1.0 muL L-1. During ripening, 1-MCP treated fruits attained quality similar to that of controls. Results indicated that 1-MCP treatment may extend shelf life (23ºC) and storage life (1ºC) of 'Laetitia' plums by approximately six and 20 days, respectively.

Sensitivity to Change of the Ultrasound synovitis SONAR Score in RA Patients: Results of the Scqm Cohort

Background/Purpose: Since the end of 2009, an ultrasound scoring call SONAR has been implemented for RA patients as a routine tool in the SCQM registry (Swiss Clinical Quality Management registry for rheumatic diseases). A cross-sectional evaluation of patients with active disease and clinical remission according to the DAS28ESR and the novel ACR/EULAR remission criteria from 2010 clearly indicated a good correlational external validity of synovial pathologies with clinical disease activity in RA (2012 EULAR meeting. Objective: of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity to change of B-mode and Power-Doppler scores in a longitudinal perspective along with the changes in DAS28ESR in two consecutive visits among the patients included in the SCQM registry Methods: All patients who had at least two SONAR scores and simultaneous DAS28ESR evaluations between December 2009 and June 2012 were included in this study. The data came from 20 different operators working mostly in hospitals but also in private practices, who had received a previous teaching over 3 days in a reference center. The SONAR score includes a semi-quantitative B mode and Power-Doppler evaluation of 22 joints from 0 to 3, maximum 66 points for each score. The selection of these 22 joints was done in analogy to a 28 joint count and further restricted to joint regions with published standard ultrasound images. Both elbows and wrist joints were dynamically scanned from the dorsal and the knee joints from a longitudinal suprapatellar view in flexion and in joint extension. The bilateral evaluation of the second to fifth metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints was done from a palmar view in full extension, and the Power-Doppler scoring from a dorsal view with hand and finger position in best relaxation. Results: From the 657 RA patients with at least one score performed, 128 RA patients with 2 or more consultations of DAS28ESR, and a complete SONAR data set could be included. The mean (SD) time between the two evaluations was 9.6 months (54). The mean (SD) DAS28ESR was: 3.5 (1.3) at the first visit and was significantly lower (mean 3.0, SD.2.0, p:_0.0001) at the second visit. The mean (SD) of the total B mode was 12 (9.5) at baseline and 9.6 (7.6) at follow-up (p_0.0004). The Power-Doppler score at entry was 2.9 (5.7) and 1.9 (3.6), at the second visit, p _0.0001. The Pearson r correlation between change in DAS28ESR and the B mode was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.57, p_ 0.0001),and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.50, p _ 0.0002) for the Power-Doppler score,. Clinical relevant change in DAS (_1.1) was associated with a change of total B mode score _3 in 23/32 patients and a change a Doppler score _0.5 in 19/26. Conclusion: This study confirms that the SONAR score is sensitive to change and provides a complementary method of assessing RA disease activity to the DAS that could be very useful in daily practice.

Virosome-Formulated Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1 & CSP Derived Peptides as Malaria Vaccine: Randomized Phase 1b Trial in Semi-Immune Adults & Children.

Background: This trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two virosome formulated malaria peptidomimetics derived from Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1 and CSP in malaria semi-immune adults and children.Methods: The design was a prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled, age-deescalating study with two immunizations. 10 adults and 40 children (aged 5-9 years) living in a malaria endemic area were immunized with PEV3B or virosomal influenza vaccine Inflexal (R) V on day 0 and 90.Results: No serious or severe adverse events (AEs) related to the vaccines were observed. The only local solicited AE reported was pain at injection site, which affected more children in the Inflexal (R) V group compared to the PEV3B group (p = 0.014). In the PEV3B group, IgG ELISA endpoint titers specific for the AMA-1 and CSP peptide antigens were significantly higher for most time points compared to the Inflexal (R) V control group. Across all time points after first immunization the average ratio of endpoint titers to baseline values in PEV3B subjects ranged from 4 to 15 in adults and from 4 to 66 in children. As an exploratory outcome, we found that the incidence rate of clinical malaria episodes in children vaccinees was half the rate of the control children between study days 30 and 365 (0.0035 episodes per day at risk for PEV3B vs. 0.0069 for Inflexal (R) V; RR = 0.50 [95%-CI: 0.29-0.88], p = 0.02).Conclusion: These findings provide a strong basis for the further development of multivalent virosomal malaria peptide vaccines.

Efeito de densidade de plantas na produtividade de cultivares de pepino para processamento tipo "cornichon"

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de cultivares de pepino para processamento, tipo "cornichon", semeadas em diferentes espaçamentos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Petrolina, PE, no período de abril a julho de 1999. Foram estudadas as cultivares para processamento Calypso, Eureka, Prêmio, Vlaspik e Vlasset e os espaçamentos entre plantas de 0,20, 0,30 e 0,50 m, em sistema rasteiro. Os tratamentos foram arranjados no esquema fatorial 5x3, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A parcela experimental foi composta de quatro linhas de 3,0 m, com espaços entre elas de 1,0 m, duas plantas por cova, e área útil constituída pelas linhas centrais. O incremento do espaçamento entre plantas teve efeitos lineares negativos na produtividade das cultivares Vlaspik, Vlasset e Prêmio. As menores produtividades das cultivares Calypso e Eureka ocorreram sob espaçamento, respectivamente, de 0,50 e 0,46 m. Os maiores valores de massa de matéria fresca dos frutos foram observados nas cultivares Vlasset (6,94 g/fruto) e Eureka (6,82 g/fruto) que não apresentaram diferenças entre si. Observaram-se efeitos lineares positivos do aumento do espaçamento entre plantas no número de frutos por planta em todas as cultivares. As cultivares apresentaram uma variação de 12,18 a 15,10% de frutos tipo 3 (5,0 a 5,5 cm de comprimento), tendo as cultivares Vlaspik (15,10%), Eureka (14,50%) e Calypso (13,60%) apresentado as maiores proporções, sem diferirem entre si.

Eficiência de fungos ectomicorrízicos na absorção de fósforo e na promoção do crescimento de eucalipto

O potencial de fungos ectomicorrízicos na promoção do crescimento das plantas e o controle da micorrização podem alavancar a exploração comercial desses fungos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de isolados de fungos ectomicorrízicos na colonização radicular, absorção de P e no crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii, sob diferentes doses de fósforo. O inóculo dos isolados fúngicos INRA-Cou (Paxillus involutus), UFSC-Hg93 (Hysterangium gardneri), UFSC-Pt116 (Pisolithus microcarpus) e UFSC-Ch163 (Chondrogaster angustisporus) foi produzido assepticamente numa mistura turfa-vermiculita-meio de cultura. As plantas foram cultivadas num substrato de igual composição, suplementado com macro e micronutrientes, e diferentes doses de fósforo: 0, 0,25, 0,50, 1,00, 2,00, 4,00 e 8,00 mg por planta. Os isolados UFSC-Pt116 e UFSC-Ch163 promoveram maior colonização radicular, absorção de P e crescimento das plantas, medido pela altura e massa de matéria seca. A colonização micorrízica foi inibida pelo aumento das doses de fósforo. As doses de 0,50 e 1,00 mg de P por planta mostraram-se mais adequadas em compatibilizar a colonização radicular com um bom crescimento das mudas. Os isolados UFSC-Ch163 e UFSC-Pt116 são promissores em um programa de micorrização controlada de E. dunnii.