999 resultados para Água - Consumo
Resumo:
Realizada uma intervenção educativa com o objetivo de reduzir o número de famílias que consomem água sem tratamento e suas consequências na população da ESF "Elis Renys dos Santos”, do município de Dourados, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A amostra do estudo foram 120 pessoas, entre os 20 e 65 anos de idade de nossa comunidade. Os dados primários foram obtidos com a aplicação de um questionário, de acordo as principais necessidades de conhecimentos sobre o tema, desenvolvendo um programa educativo. Posteriormente aplicamos novamente o questionário, observando-se um aumento significativo dos conhecimentos sobre a importância de se tratar a água de consumo e a prevenção de parasitoses intestinais. Para a análise estatística da informação foi usado o cálculo porcentual. Foi possível observar que o nível de conhecimento inicial sobre parasitoses intestinais era baixo e com a intervenção educativa isto mudou significativamente de maneira positiva.
Resumo:
Realizou-se uma intervenção educativa com o objetivo de reduzir o número de famílias que consomem água sem tratamento e suas consequências na população da ESF "Jardim Maracanã”, do município de Dourados, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A amostra do estudo foram 120 pessoas, entre os 20 e 65 anos de idade da comunidade. Os dados primários foram obtidos com a aplicação de um questionário, de acordo as principais necessidades de conhecimentos sobre o tema, desenvolvendo um programa educativo. Posteriormente aplicou-se novamente o questionário, observando-se um aumento significativo dos conhecimentos sobre a importância de tratar a água de consumo e a prevenção de parasitoses intestinais. Para a análise estatística da informação foi usado o cálculo porcentual. Foi possível observar que o nível de conhecimento inicial sobre parasitoses intestinais era baixo e com a intervenção educativa isto mudou significativamente de maneira positiva, dando cumprimento ao objetivo geral e que terá continuidade em nosso trabalho, fazendo promoção e prevenção de saúde em nossa comunidade.
Resumo:
Realizou-se uma intervenção educativa com o objetivo de reduzir o número de famílias que consomem água sem tratamento e suas consequências na população da ESF "Jardim Maracanã”, do município de Dourados, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A amostra do estudo foram 120 pessoas, entre os 20 e 65 anos de idade da comunidade. Os dados primários foram obtidos com a aplicação de um questionário, de acordo as principais necessidades de conhecimentos sobre o tema, desenvolvendo um programa educativo. Posteriormente aplicou-se novamente o questionário, observando-se um aumento significativo dos conhecimentos sobre a importância de tratar a água de consumo e a prevenção de parasitoses intestinais. Para a análise estatística da informação foi usado o cálculo porcentual. Foi possível observar que o nível de conhecimento inicial sobre parasitoses intestinais era baixo e com a intervenção educativa isto mudou significativamente de maneira positiva, dando cumprimento ao objetivo geral e que terá continuidade em nosso trabalho, fazendo promoção e prevenção de saúde em nossa comunidade.
Resumo:
A cárie dentária ainda é um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil, causando infecções, dor e sofrimento, em todas as idades. Entre as medidas preventivas, a fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público para consumo humano é um dos métodos mais recomendados. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção científica sobre a importância da fluoretação da água de abastecimento como medida de base populacional para a prevenção da cárie dentária. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de produções científicas em saúde, através de levantamento na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, consultando as bases de dados da BBO, LILACS e MEDLINE, com publicações de 1992 á 2011. Entre os efeitos indesejáveis da fluoretação da água de abastecimento está a fluorose dentária. Existe no Brasil legislação que obriga os municípios a adotarem esta importante medida preventiva. Pode-se concluir que a fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público é considerada uma medida de base populacional importante para a prevenção da cárie dentária.
Resumo:
O uso do tabaco é um grave problema de saúde pública e deve ser combatido severamente, tendo em vista o os riscos e as conseqüências deste hábito, como o desenvolvimento de doen-ças cardiovasculares, cerebrovasculares e câncer. Segundo o INCA, todos os anos 4,9 milhões de pessoas morrem no mundo por conta do cigarro, o que corresponde a mais de 10 mil mortes por dia. Caso as atuais tendências de expansão do seu consumo sejam mantidas, esses números aumentarão para 10 milhões de mortes anuais por volta do ano 2030, sendo metade delas em indivíduos em idade produtiva (entre 35 e 69 anos). A partir do conhecimento desses prejuízos à saúde da população, a Atenção Básica deve buscar maneiras acessíveis, que venham contribuir com a diminuição dos agravos relacionados ao uso do tabaco. Este trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica desenvolvida com base em materiais publicados em língua Portuguesa, sendo estes, artigos científicos e publicações de agências governamentais como Instituto Nacional do Câncer e Ministério da Saúde, com o intuito de discutir os riscos do hábito de fumar e os benefícios de seu abandono, tendo como objetivo conscientizar a população adscri-ta sobre os malefícios causados pelo tabaco e implantar um grupo anti-tabagismo no município de Pingo D'Água, visando diminuir o número de tabagistas desse município. Foi utilizado o "Plano Estratégico Situacional" (PES), desenvolvido pelo Prof. Carlos Matus e estudado no módulo sobre "Planejamento e Avaliação das Ações em Saúde" do CEABSF.
Resumo:
Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to determine Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in samples of processed and natural coconut water. The sample preparation consisted in a filtration step followed by a dilution. The analysis was made employing optimized instrumental parameters and the results were evaluated using methods of Pattern Recognition. The data showed common concentration values for the analytes present in processed and natural samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) indicated that the samples of different kinds were statistically different when the concentrations of all the analytes were considered simultaneously.
Resumo:
This paper discusses the historical and methodological fundaments of the dynamics and quantification of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in aquatic sediments. It also discusses the SEM/AVS relationship, which involves several controversial aspects such as sulfide stability, sulfide-organic matter interaction, and the inability to predict the toxicity of organic compounds in the environment. This relationship is an important tool for the inference of metal bioavailability. The use of ecotoxicological tests with target organisms regulated by international standards is also a relevant aspect.
Resumo:
A trial was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition in the aerial part of lettuce, cv. 'Elisa', irrigated with wastewater treated with constructed wetland and source deposit water, grown on a Rhodic Hapludox Soil, using the irrigation systems sprinkle, subsurface drip and surface drip irrigation. The experiment was carried out from August 17th to October 3rd of 2001 and the chemical analyses of the lettuce were accomplished to 47 days after transplanting of the seedling. The aerial part of the lettuce was analyzed as for the levels of total nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, sodium, boron, cobalt and molybdenum. The sodium and the sulfur presented higher levels than the maximum suitable in the aerial part of the lettuce and the smallest level of magnesium, while other chemical elements analyzed were normal and appropriate considering the standard for well-nourished plants, not being influenced by the water type. The sodium was the chemical element that presented the highest levels in the aerial part of the lettuce in the treatments irrigated with wastewater, presenting significant difference in relationship to the treatments irrigated with source deposit water in the three irrigation systems. The use of the different irrigation systems by the application of wastewater treated with constructed wetland did not interfere in the levels of nutrients in the aerial part of the lettuce.
Resumo:
The cleanness level in fresh market tomatoes cleaning equipment is essential for consumer acceptance and conservation of product quality. However, the washing process in cleaning current equipments demands an excessive volume of water, leading to serious economic and environmental concerns. The objective of this work was to contribute with technical information for the washing system optimization. The conventional washing system currently used in cleaning equipment, which consists of perforated PVC pipes, was compared with a proposed system which uses commercial sprays. Characteristic curves (flow rate versus pressure) for both systems were determined in lab conditions and the respective water consumptions were compared. The results confirmed the excess of water consumption in the conventional washing systems, and the proposed system proved that is possible to reduce it, and the use of sprays allowed the rational use of the water.
Resumo:
On the last years, in Brazil, sorting and classifying fruits and vegetables using packing lines have increased. This work aimed at characterizing the cleaning process for fresh market tomatoes at two packing lines, one imported and one national located at Campinas, São Paulo State. Characterization included data, number, types and brushes velocity, water use, fruit standing time and cleaning efficiency. Standing time was measured correlating to fruit diameter (CEAGESP). For measuring cleaning efficiency an equipment was developed that was mainly composed of a ring involved with white cloth. Samples were taken before and after the cleaning step and evaluated using a colorimeter HUNTER Lab. The results showed a strong difference between the two equipments. The imported equipment showed lower number on brushes and rotation than national one, however a higher water consumption. For imported equipments this relation was not found. Both packing lines showed the same cleaning efficiency. Cleaning efficiency is related to be an interaction among the studies parameters, and it could be necessary a better management than the one used on both equipments.
Resumo:
In order to determine the energy needed to artificially dry an agricultural product the latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the product, H, must be known. Generally, the expressions for H reported in the literature are of the form H = h(T)f(M), where h(T) is the latent heat of vaporization of free water, and f(M) is a function of the equilibrium moisture content, M, which is a simplification. In this article, a more general expression for the latent heat of vaporization, namely H = g(M,T), is used to determine H for cowpea, always-green variety. For this purpose, a computer program was developed which automatically fits about 500 functions, with one or two independent variables, imbedded in its library to experimental data. The program uses nonlinear regression, and classifies the best functions according to the least reduced chi-squared. A set of executed statistical tests shows that the generalized expression for H used in this work produces better results of H for cowpea than other equations found in literature.
Resumo:
As a way to reduce water losses in furrow irrigation systems, used in fresh market tomato production, farmers are improperly distributing water into the field using plastic hose. The objective of this work was to study the suitability of using quick coupler sprinkler as hose connectors for water distribution in tomato plantation. The first step of the study was to assess the current hose field operation for tomato growers. Subsequently, four models of quick couplers sprinklers available in the market were tested in laboratory to determine the coefficient of resistance, the equivalent tube length, the head loss curve and the linking efficiency. As result, a structural design for hose connectors was presented using the model of coupling with the best hydraulic performance. Additionally, some technical recommendations on its use in irrigation water distribution are highlighted. Despite the requirement for additional field trials, the proposed system has potential to optimize the water use efficiency, to improve workers ergonomic conditions, and ensure good profitability to the producer.
Resumo:
The post-harvesting cleaning process in fresh market tomatoes production is essential to the consumer acceptance, since the degree of dirtiness of the fruits is directly related to its quality. However, the washing stage of the cleaning process of commercial packinghouse demands an excessive water volume, bringing serious environmental concerns. The objective of this work was to compare the cleaning efficiency in two cleaning systems through the evaluation of different operational conditions of the cleaning process, related with the brush rotation, water flow and fruit standing time under the system. It was compared the conventional system utilized in commercial equipment with a system using commercial sprays. The results showed that the cleaning efficiency was not directly related to the water volume used, but to the water pressure, standing time and brushes rotation. Therefore, the use of commercial sprays can bring benefits to the cleaning efficiency, increasing it up to 13%, and to the environmental, decreasing water consumption.
Resumo:
Seasonal variation in environmental conditions may influence gas exchange rates as well as water relations in perennial species. This work was carried out to evaluate photosynthetic rates (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g) and leaf water potential (psi f ) in 'Valencia' orange trees grafted on four different rootstocks. Measurements were made twice a day: from 9h00 to 11h00 a.m. and from 1h00 to 3h00 p.m., during January, March and July. A and g were significantly lower and psif was significantly more negative, in the afternoon. The decrease in A may be related to the reduction in g, due to the increase in the vapor pressure deficit between the air and the leaf (VPDair-leaf ) in the afternoon, when temperatures are higher. In spite of the partial stomatal closure in the afternoon, the values for E were approximately the same as those measured in the morning, due to the increase in the VPDair-leaf . A decrease in A and g could also be noted from January to July, that is, from the hot and humid summer months, to the colder and drier winter ones. It was suggested that the decrease in A and g observed from January through March, may be related to the decrease in plant growth rates, which could have influenced the source-sink relationships, since the climatic conditions for both months were similar. The decrease in A and g showed in July, seems to be related to the decrease in both the night temperature and the growth rate of plants.
Resumo:
This work proposes to determine the water activity and the freezing point depression of tangerine, pineapple and lemon juices at various concentrations (10-55oBrix) and to achieve a correlation between these properties. The freezing point depression was determined with a LAKTRON cryoscope and common laboratory materials. The water activity was determined with a DECAGON CX-2 hygrometer in the temperature range of 15 to 30oC. With the results, the adjustment to CHEN (1987) water activity prediction equation to non-electrolyte mixtures was verified, through the calculation of the variation coefficient (CV). Being CV smaller than 3% for the proposed model, it can be said that the experimental data have adjusted well to the prediction equation. The water activity and the freezing point depression was correlated for tangerine, pineapple and lemon juices and r2 values were higher than 99%. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the water activity by knowing the freezing point depression of studied juices.