Ammattiosaamisennäytöt ja työssäoppiminen toisen asteen koulutuksessa

Opetusviranomaiset ovat pohtineet keinoja nuorisoasteen (toisen asteen) ammatillisen koulutuksen laadun varmistamiseksi, kehittämiseksi ja kilpailukyvyn parantamiseksi. Yhtenä tällaisena keinona on tuotettu työssä oppimisjärjestelmä ja siihen on liitetty elokuusta 2006 alkaen ammattiosaamisen näytöt. Näyttöjen perustana on laki ammatillisesta koulutuksesta. Opiskelija osoittaa ammattiosaamistaan näytöissä opiskelusuunnitelmaan sisältyviä työtehtäviä tehden. Kolmivuotiseen (120 ov) perustutkinnon koulutukseen sisältyy työssäoppimista vähintään 20 ov. Näytöt pyritään järjestämään työssäoppimisen yhteydesssä opiskelijoiden työssäoppimispaikoilla. Arvioinnin ja palautteen osuus on tärkeä ja siinä mukana opiskelija, työpaikkaohjaaja ja opettaja. Tässä työssä on tuotettu yleinen toimintamalli näyttöjen toteuttamiseksityössäoppimisen yhteydessä. Toisena on tuotettu alueellinen vastaava toimintamalli oppilaitostasolle kone- ja metallialalle. Mallissa on huomioitu alueen teollisuuden erityispiirteet. Edellisten lisäksi on myös tuotettu toimintamalli oppilaitoskohtaisesta soveltamisesta näyttöjen toteuttamiseen kone- ja metallialalla yksilötasolle saakka. Järjestelmän käyttöönotto eri toimijoiden kesken on käynnistynyt. Sen onnistunut toteutus vaatii jatkuvaa innovatiivisuutta ja taloudellisia resursseja jokaisen siihen osallistuvan tahon osalta. Tällöin on saavutettavissa uudistuksen tarkoitus: koulutuksen laadun konkreettinen varmistaminen ja kehittäminen.

Perusasteen ja lukion opettajien yrittäjyysasenteita yrittäjyyskasvattajina Etelä-Karjalassa

Tämän työn tarkoituksena on kuvata perusasteen ja lukion opettajien yrittäjyysasenteita. Tämä on kvalitatiivinen tutkimus, johon haastateltiin 14 eteläkarjalaista opettajaa. Tutkimuksessa opettajat kertovat asenteistaan yrittäjyyttä ja yrittäjyyskasvatusta kohtaan. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että opettajilla on positiivinen asenne yrittäjyyttä kohtaan, mutta asenne yrittäjyyskasvatusta kohtaan vaihtelee positiivisesta neutraaliin ja jopa negatiiviseen, riippuen siitä, onko opettaja osallistunut yrittäjyyskasvatus-aiheisiinkoulutuksiin vai ei.

Acerca de la competencia lingüística del alumnado de origen inmigrante en educación secundaria

Ante la creciente incorporación de alumnado de origen inmigrante a nuestros centros educativos, y dada la práctica inexistencia de estudios empíricos que aborden esta nueva situación, entre el profesorado suelen primar ciertas creencias o ideas previas que condicionan las respuestas educativas en torno al proceso de enseñar la lengua o lenguas de la sociedad de acogida a estos alumnos. Nuestra investigación, a partir de la evaluación del conocimiento lingüístico adquirido en castellano por parte de un grupo de alumnos y alumnas de 1º de ESO, ha analizado algunos de los factores que determinan sus niveles de competencia lingüística. Ello, además de contrastar determinadas creencias sobre el aprendizaje de la lengua de estos colectivos, nos ha permitido formular ciertas indicaciones o sugerencias para abordar la cuestión.

Creencias y conocimiento acerca de la competencia lingüística de alumnado inmigrante: el caso de la provincia de Huesca

Ante la creciente incorporación de alumnado de origen inmigrante a nuestros centros educativos, y dada la práctica inexistencia de estudios empíricos que aborden esta nueva situación, entre el profesorado suelen primar ciertas creencias o ideas previas que condicionan las respuestas educativas en torno al proceso de enseñar la lengua o lenguas de la sociedad de acogida a estos alumnos. Nuestra investigación, a partir de la evaluación del conocimiento lingüístico adquirido en castellano por parte de un grupo de alumnos y alumnas de 1º de ESO, ha analizado algunos de los factores que determinan sus niveles de competencia lingüística. Ello, además de contrastar determinadas creencias sobre el aprendizaje de la lengua de estos colectivos, nos ha permitido formular ciertas indicaciones o sugerencias para abordar la cuestión

La reflexió metalingüística en el treball de grup

En aquest article s'analitzen quatre factors que poden incidir en el desenvolupament i el resultats de les tasques de reflexió metalingüística quan es realitzen en grup: tipus de tasca, formes d'interacci ó del grup, condici ó de monolingüe o bilingüe dels participants i llengua objecte de reflexió. Les dades analitzades provenen de la gravació i transcripci ó d'un seguit de sessions de treball en grup en les quals es proposava a nois i noies de secundària (14-15 anys) diferents tasques de tipus metalingüístic. Com a complement de l'an àlisi dels quatre factors esmentats, l'article tamb e inclou un apartat on es compara el proc és de reflexió que segueixen els estudiants de secundària amb el procés que segueixen alumnes del Curs d'Aptitud Pedag ògica (CAP).

A Learner-Centred Game-Design Approach: Impacts on teachers" creativity

This study presents an innovative pedagogical approach where teachers become game designers and engage in creative teaching practices. Within co-design training workshops, 21 Spanish primary and secondary school teachers have developed their own Game-Based Learning (GBL) scenarios, especially tailored to their teaching contexts and students profiles. In total, teachers developed 13 GBL scenarios and put them into practice in real teaching contexts. The present paper analyses the impacts of this learner-centred game design approach on teachers" creativity from three different points of view: the GBL design process, the GBL scenario, and the teaching processes at stake.

Estudi de cas: Inclusió de l’alumnat amb dificultats en l’aprenentatge a l’aula ordinària. Atenció a la diversitat amb el suport USEE

La present recerca té com a bases teòriques la Concepció Constructivista de l’Ensenyament i Aprenentatge Escolar en una perspectiva d’educació Inclusiva. Consisteix en un estudi de cas focalitzat a una classe de segon de secundària d’una escola específica. L’escola parteix de l’atenció a la diversitat del seu alumnat a partir del recurs propi d’Unitat de Suport a l’Educació Especial. L’estudi pretén donar resposta a les situacions de millora de les intervencions d’aquest recurs a l’aula en concret en referència a l’atenció a la diversitat.

Characterization of clinical and electrocardiographic findings in a youth population

Resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has been employed in the evaluation of young asymptomatic subjects to detect pre-existing heart diseases. Although the incorporation of routine ECG remains controversial, there is increasing evidence that cardiomyopathies and ion channelopathies show ECG changes as the initial manifestation. The causes of sudden cardiac death in young people show a significant geographical variation. We aim to determine the prevalence and spectrum of ECG findings in a youth population. Methodology: From May 2010 to April 2013, a total of 976 young secondary school students (mean age, 14 years; range, 13-15) underwent voluntary medical screening that included a resting 12-lead ECG and structured clinical survey. Subjects with abnormal ECG findings were classified into two groups: major ECG findings group, which fulfilled a pre-specified checklist to screen for principal structural and electrical cardiopathies, and minor ECG findings group showing other ECG changes. The major ECG findings group was referred for secondary diagnostic tests at a tertiary institution. Results: Of the 976 subjects screened, 252 (25.82%; CI95%, 23.17-28.66) had ECG findings. Of note, 17 (1.74%) had major findings and 235 (24.08%) had minor findings on ECG. The prevalence of cardiovascular pathology within the major ECG findings group was 35.29%. The prevalence of ECG abnormalities was significantly higher in males than in females (29% vs 20.9%, P<0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of ECG findings in a youth population was 25.82%. There were significant gender differences. The inclusion of universal ECG screening, in addition to medical history, may increase the sensitivity of a cardiovascular screening program. Knowledge of the spectrum and prevalence of ECG findings and disease conditions would be pivotal in designing customized screening programs

La influència de l’Educació Física de l’ESO sobre els hàbits fisicoesportius en adolescents de l’IES Alt Berguedà

És de vital importància conèixer els hàbits fisicoesportius dels adolescents com a punt de partida per a la promoció d’estils de vida saludables. Aquesta promoció en l’àmbit educatiu en gran mesura es realitza a través de l’Educació Física, mostrant-se com a un dels principals objectius d’aquesta assignatura al llarg de l’Educació Secundària Obligatòria. Amb aquesta funció tant important cal saber si l’EF influeix en l’adquisició i manteniment d’aquests hàbits per tal d’adaptar-la a les necessitats dels alumnes. Per aquest motiu en el present treball s’analitzen els hàbits esportius, els motius de pràctica i la influència que té l’EF de l’ESO sobre aquests a 74 adolescents de 3r i 4rt d’ESO de l’IES Alt Berguedà. Els resultats mostren que el 78% dels enquestats realitzen alguna activitat fisicoesportiva de forma regular. En relació als motius de pràctica tant en nois com en noies és perquè els agrada l’esport (30% i 25% respectivament). Pel què fa a la influència de l’Educació Física aquesta es mostra pràcticament inexistent on tan sols un 18% dels enquestats ha respost que els hagi influït bastant o molt positivament en els seus hàbits fisicoesportius. Per tant, des de l’àmbit educatiu cal reflexionar sobre com adaptar l’EF per influir en els hàbits dels nostres adolescents.

Cooking and Active Leisure TAS Program, Spain: A Program Impact Pathways (PIP) analysis

Background. The “Cooking and Active Leisure” Tu y Alícia por la Salud (CAL-TAS) Program is a schoolbased pilot that addresses healthy lifestyle needs of Spanish secondary school students with initiatives that research has proven to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors. Objective. The objectives were to perform a Program Impact Pathways (PIP) analysis to describe key activities and processes of the CAL-TAS Program, identify Critical Quality Control Points (CCPs), and identify a suite of common indicators of healthy lifestyles to be applied across participant schools. Methods. The CAL-TAS Program designers and implementation team developed this PIP analysis through an iterative process and presented the results for feedback at the seven-country Healthy Lifestyles Program Evaluation Workshop held in Granada, Spain, 13–14 September 2013, under the auspices of the Mondelēz International Foundation. Results. The team identified three PIP CCPs: teachers’ motivation and training, changes in students’ knowledge of healthy lifestyles, and changes in students’ healthy lifestyle behavior. The selected indicators of the program’s impact on healthy lifestyles are adequacy of food intake, level of knowledge of healthy lifestyles gained, and adequacy of physical activity level according to World Health Organization recommendations. A clear definition of impact indicators, as well as collection of accurate data on healthy lifestyle behaviors and knowledge, is essential to understanding the effectiveness of this program before it can be scaled up. Conclusions. CAL-TAS is an effective secondary school-based program encouraging healthy lifestyles. The PIP analysis was instrumental in identifying CCPs to sustain and improve the quality of the program. The team hopes to sustain and improve the program through these program evaluation recommendations.

Prevalence of Problematic Mobile Phone Use in British Adolescents

The problematic use of mobile phones among adolescents has not been widely studied. There are very few instruments for assessing potential technological addiction to mobile phones, or for categorizing different types of users or uses. The most widely used scale is the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS), which is used to study adult populations, and has been applied in various forms in international contexts. The aims of this study were to adapt the Spanish version of this scale (MPPUSA) to British adolescents, and then to estimate the prevalence of possible problematic users. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1,529 secondary school pupils aged between 11 and 18 years, with 1,026 completed questionnaires being collected. The analysis showed that the factor and construct validity and reliability were comparable to those obtained in previous studies. The prevalence of problematic users among the students was 10%, and the typical problematic user tended to be an adolescent between 11 and 14 years old, studying in a public school, who considered themselves to be an expert user of this technology, who made extensive use of his/her mobile phone, and who attributed the same problem of use among their peers. These users presented notable scores in all the symptoms covered by the scale used to assess problematic use. In conclusion, the adaptation of the MPPUSA as a screening scale for British adolescents presents good sensitivity and specificity for detecting the main addictive symptoms proposed in this validated version.

Educação ambiental nas escolas da região de Ribeirão Preto (SP): concepções orientadoras da prática docente e reflexões sobre a formação inicial de professores de química

During short courses, 95 secondary school teachers from 49 state schools and 421 students from the Ribeirão Preto region (in Sao Paulo state, Brazil, with a population of 530,000) were asked to fill in different questionnaires. The points raised in the teacher's questionnaire were used as a guide to establish a continuous dialogue during the short courses. Most of the schools claimed to have some kind of environmental education (EE). Based on the questionnaires and dialogues we analyzed how the teachers' perceptions on EE reflect on the views secondary students hold about their own responsibility for preserving the environment. The role of universities in the preparation of chemistry teachers capable of effectively approaching EE is also discussed.

Um panorama sobre a abordagem ambiental no currículo de cursos de formação inicial de professores de química da região sudeste

This work analysed the contents of 701 disciplines from 22 chemistry courses that prepare chemistry teachers in 16 public Universities in Southeastern Brazil. Only a small number (23) of disciplines showed an explicit relationship between human activities and the environment. A total of 11 theoretical and 193 experimental disciplines explored to some extent scientific and technological aspects related to the environment, but did not include their relationship with society. As the experimental disciplines supposedly include some kind of waste treatment, this may explain why secondary school chemistry teachers work mainly on recycling programs and waste issues at their schools. The aim of this work is to provide information on which to base a much needed discussion about how to better prepare our chemistry teachers to act as Environmental Educators at school, as the Brazilian Education Legislation requires.

The cultural dimension in focus : promoting awareness of diversity and respect for difference in a Finland-Swedish EFL classroom

This study addresses the role of EFL education, its potential and shortcomings, and the challenges the future of EFL education will bring. It is argued that new societal demands and the limited time we have at our disposal in the classroom make it necessary to rethink goals and content and move away from the transmissionof limited sets of facts and information to helping students develop awareness and competences that can be applied in many different situations, also in a perspective of lifelong learning. The overall aim of the current study is to problematize and increase understanding of the implementation of cultural aspects in the language classroom by addressing the interrelated what, why and how of the cultural dimension within EFL education. This has been conducted by means of theoretical explorations into the area, alongside an attempt at promoting intercultural competence (IC) in a more systematic and insightful manner within my own educational praxis. The focus of the intercultural work in the classroom was on the promotion of awareness of difference and diversity, as well as respect for such difference through the ability to decenter from cultural norms and behavior that previously have been taken for granted. These are two elements that have been suggested as fundamental for other work with IC in the classroom and for the realization of important aspects of the underlying values of basic education. In the context of this study, IC comprises several interconnected components supportingeach other in a variety of ways, with the further aim being interaction with and respect for difference in general, not only concerning e.g. representatives ofcertain English-speaking communities. The methodology was informed by action research, with myself in the role of the teacher-researcher or the reflective practitioner. For the purpose of the project I was authorized to take on the EFL education for the three years of upper comprehensive school of one random class of students originally assigned to one of the language teachers of the selected Finland-Swedish school. Thus, the class of 17 students was not specifically chosen for the project, and the aims and contents chosen for the development project were placed within the framework of the ordinary curriculum. By exploring the students¿ insights concerning different English-speaking cultural groups, mainly through a set of questionnaires, it was possible to outline the work with the cultural dimension in the classroom for the following three years. Work progress was evaluated at specific stages, and the final project evaluations were conducted through individual student interviews in grade 9. The interviews were focused on possible development of students¿ insights concerning different aspects of the cultural dimension. In particular this concerned awareness of difference and diversity, including modification of stereotypes, as well as the ability to decenterin order to be better able to respect such difference. I also explored students¿ awareness and views of the activities and approaches used in class, as well asaffordances both inside and outside the EFL classroom in relation to these intended insights. A further focus area was the perceived relevance to students of different aspects of the cultural dimension. The frameworks and approaches adopted for the work in the classroom all have in common that they are based on a constructivist framework, where knowledge is constructed and reconstructed through interaction with one¿s social and cultural environment, including interaction with others. Reflective processes precede or are simultaneous with the learning of basic factual knowledge. This entails a view of learning as a progression from simple to more complex models rather than as a progression from facts to understanding and analysis. Here, the development of intercultural competence is seen asa cyclical process, or along a spiral curriculum, from simple to more complex levels through a combination of cognitive, affective and behavioral elements within a framework of experiential learning. This project has shown one possible wayforward concerning the development of intercultural competence within EFL education through a more systematic and comprehensive approach regarding linguistic and cultural aspects. The evaluation of the educational process explored in the study suggests the possibilities for work with the promotion of awareness of difference and diversity concerning some specific context that, based on students¿ prior knowledge and preconceptions, would benefit from further work. In this case, the specific context primarily concerned different aspects of both cultural and linguistic conditions in the UK. It is also suggested that many students developed the ability to decenter, described in the study as integral to being able to respect otherness. What still remains to be explored are more individualized approaches considering students¿ different levels of departure. Further work alsoneeds to be put into how to apply insights gained in these specific situations to more general contexts. It is also necessary to explore the use of the suggested approaches in a wider range of different contexts.

Musikaliska möten man minns : om musikundervisningen i årskurserna sju till nio som en arena för starka musikpplevelser

Earlier research has shown that strong experiences related to music (SEM) can occur in very different contexts and take on many different forms. Experiences like these seem significant and have among other things reportedly had an affect on the individual's continuing relationship towards music, which makes them interesting from a pedagogical point of view. Formal teaching situations, though, are under-represented in studies where people have been asked to describe strong experiences that they have had in connection with music. The purpose of my thesis is to investigate what SEM may mean to pupils and teachers in lower secondary school (grades 7-9), and to inquire more deeply into the potential "space" for such experiences within school music education. On a comprehensive level my ambition is to deepen the understanding for SEM as a possible element in pedagogical situations. Three empirical perspectives are employed: pupil-, teacher- and curriculum perspectives. The pupil perspective involved an analysis of written accounts of 166 fifteen-year-olds, describing own strong experiences. The teacher perspective involved studying 28 music teachers' conceptions of the purpose of teaching music in school as well as their understanding about strong music experiences in school context. Further, the teachers' descriptions of SEM that they have had themselves were analysed. The curriculum perspective is reflected through a study of how music experience was represented in 24 local and 2 national curriculum texts for music. Grounded in a phenomenological-hermeneutical perspective the material have been analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The result points towards the fact that the music education in school has the potential to become an arena for SEM and that this can happen in relation to a multitude of activities and genres and take on many different expressions. Only one pupil referred to a musical encounter in the classroom environment; all other experiences that occurred inside the frame of school activity had taken place in other arenas (the school hall, public concert halls, and so on). However, more than 98 % of the descriptions concerned musical encounters in leisure time contexts. The significance of SEM is further clarified by narrative constructions. SEM as a conception does not occur on the curriculum level; however the analyze revealed a number of interesting "openings" which are illustrated. Even though all teachers displayed a fundamentally positive attitude towards the idea of regarding SEM as a feature of formal musical learning, it became clear that many teachers never had approached this theme from a pedagogical point of view before. Still, they proved to have an evident "familiarity" towards the phenomenon based on their own experiences of receptive and performative musical encounter. The possible space for strong musical experiences within school music education is specified through a detailed illustration of six specific themes derived from the reasoning of the teachers. Furthermore, this is described through a mapping of the potential experiencing zone, constructed from the teachers descriptions of educational aims.