Development and programming of Geophonino: A low cost Arduino-based seismic recorder for vertical geophones

The commercial data acquisition systems used for seismic exploration are usually expensive equipment. In this work, a low cost data acquisition system (Geophonino) has been developed for recording seismic signals from a vertical geophone. The signal goes first through an instrumentation amplifier, INA155, which is suitable for low amplitude signals like the seismic noise, and an anti-aliasing filter based on the MAX7404 switched-capacitor filter. After that, the amplified and filtered signal is digitized and processed by Arduino Due and registered in an SD memory card. Geophonino is configured for continuous registering, where the sampling frequency, the amplitude gain and the registering time are user-defined. The complete prototype is an open source and open hardware system. It has been tested by comparing the registered signals with the ones obtained through different commercial data recording systems and different kind of geophones. The obtained results show good correlation between the tested measurements, presenting Geophonino as a low-cost alternative system for seismic data recording.

Integrated architecture for vision-based indoor localization and mapping of a quadrotor micro-air vehicle

Atualmente os sistemas de pilotagem autónoma de quadricópteros estão a ser desenvolvidos de forma a efetuarem navegação em espaços exteriores, onde o sinal de GPS pode ser utilizado para definir waypoints de navegação, modos de position e altitude hold, returning home, entre outros. Contudo, o problema de navegação autónoma em espaços fechados sem que se utilize um sistema de posicionamento global dentro de uma sala, subsiste como um problema desafiante e sem solução fechada. Grande parte das soluções são baseadas em sensores dispendiosos, como o LIDAR ou como sistemas de posicionamento externos (p.ex. Vicon, Optitrack). Algumas destas soluções reservam a capacidade de processamento de dados dos sensores e dos algoritmos mais exigentes para sistemas de computação exteriores ao veículo, o que também retira a componente de autonomia total que se pretende num veículo com estas características. O objetivo desta tese pretende, assim, a preparação de um sistema aéreo não-tripulado de pequeno porte, nomeadamente um quadricóptero, que integre diferentes módulos que lhe permitam simultânea localização e mapeamento em espaços interiores onde o sinal GPS ´e negado, utilizando, para tal, uma câmara RGB-D, em conjunto com outros sensores internos e externos do quadricóptero, integrados num sistema que processa o posicionamento baseado em visão e com o qual se pretende que efectue, num futuro próximo, planeamento de movimento para navegação. O resultado deste trabalho foi uma arquitetura integrada para análise de módulos de localização, mapeamento e navegação, baseada em hardware aberto e barato e frameworks state-of-the-art disponíveis em código aberto. Foi também possível testar parcialmente alguns módulos de localização, sob certas condições de ensaio e certos parâmetros dos algoritmos. A capacidade de mapeamento da framework também foi testada e aprovada. A framework obtida encontra-se pronta para navegação, necessitando apenas de alguns ajustes e testes.

Isotope Study of Moisture Sources, Recharge Areas and Groundwater Flowpaths within the Eastern Batinah Coastal Plain, Sultanate of Oman

Oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses of rainfall samples collected on the eastern Batinah coastal plain of northern Oman between 1995 and 1998 indicate two different principal water vapor sources for precipitation in the area: a northern, Mediterranean source and a southern, Indian Ocean source. As a result, two new local meteoric water lines were defined for the study area. Isotopic analyses of groundwater samples from over 200 springs and wells indicate that the main source of water to the Batinah coastal alluvial aquifer is high-altitude rainfall from the adjacent Jabal Akhdar Mountains, originating from a combination of northern and southern moisture sources. The groundwater recharged at high-altitude forms two plumes of water which is depleted in the heavy isotopes 18O and 2H and stretches from the mountains across the coastal plain to the sea, thereby retaining a chemical homogeneity horizontally and vertically down to a depth exceeding 300 m. In contrast, in areas adjacent to these two plumes the alluvial aquifer is geochemically stratified. Near the coast, saline intrusion results in abrupt changes in chloride concentrations and isotope values.

(Table 2) Isotopic composition of pyrite sulfur in bottom sediments and carbonate nodules from the Gulf of California at Station DM9-666

New data on phosphorites collected by dredging and trawling at depths from 2700 to 520 m in the open Atlantic Ocean (i.e. outside of the shelf and the continental slope) are reported. Aphanitic, granular, brecciated, and conglomerate-like types are distinguished among the phosphorites. A comparison of the studied phosphorites with ones from the Atlantic shelf of Africa and from seamounts of other oceans is made.

(Table 3) Carbon isotopic composition in bottom sediments and carbonate nodules from the Gulf of California at Station DM9-666

New data on phosphorites collected by dredging and trawling at depths from 2700 to 520 m in the open Atlantic Ocean (i.e. outside of the shelf and the continental slope) are reported. Aphanitic, granular, brecciated, and conglomerate-like types are distinguished among the phosphorites. A comparison of the studied phosphorites with ones from the Atlantic shelf of Africa and from seamounts of other oceans is made.

Vitrinite reflectance and carbon chemistry of ODP Leg 122 samples (Table 1)

A summary of shipboard Rock-Eval measurements shows that organic matter in Upper Triassic siltstone from the Wombat Plateau is dominated by Type III kerogen and is thermally immature. Neocomian siltstone from the Exmouth Plateau similarly contain thermally immature Type III organic matter. Overlying Upper Cretaceous to Quaternary carbonates are poor in organic matter at both locations, yet significant amounts of methane-dominated gas are dissolved in the pore waters of the thick carbonate sequence present on the Exmouth Plateau. This dry gas is believed to have migrated from deeper and more mature strata containing Type III kerogen.

Total organic carbon (TOC) on ground bulk and carbonate-free sediment samples of ODP Hole 151-911A

A multiproxy analysis of Hole 911A (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 151) drilled on the Yermak Plateau (eastern Arctic Ocean) is used to investigate the behaviour of the Svalbard/Barents Sea ice sheet (SBIS) during late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (~3.0-1.7 Ma) climate changes. Contemporary with the 'Mid-Pliocene (~3 Ma) global warmth' (MPGW), a warmer period lasting ~300 kyr with seasonally ice-free conditions in the marginal eastern Arctic Ocean is assumed to be an important regional moisture source, and possibly one decisive trigger for intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation in the Svalbard/Barents Sea area at ~2.7 Ma. An abrupt pulse of ice-rafted debris (IRD) to the Yermak Plateau at ~2.7 Ma reflects distinct melting of sediment-laden icebergs derived from the SBIS and may indicate the protruding advance of the ice sheet onto the outer shelf. Spectral analysis of the total organic carbon (TOC) record being predominantly of terrigenous/fossil-reworked origin indicates SBIS and possibly Scandinavian Ice Sheet response to incoming solar radiation at obliquity and precession periodicities. The strong variance in frequencies near the 41 kyr obliquity cycle between 2.7 and 1.7 Ma indicates, for the first time in the Arctic Ocean, a close relationship of SBIS growth and decay patterns to the Earth's orbital obliquity amplitudes, which dominated global ice volume variations during late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate changes.

Archaelogic and historic fragments. Containing, inter alia, a facsimile of a rare ms. page dated 1638, having reference to two of Shakespeare's most famous plays, with notes thereon.

On a ms. list of plays of the year 1638. -- Sir Anthony Browne, standard bearer to king Henry VIII, and his descendants. -- On the source and nomenclature of the river Thames. -- On Sir Philip Sidney and his father, Sir Henry Sidney, in relation to Ludlow castle. -- Episodes in the career of Humphrey duke of Gloucester, and his first duchess, and their connection with the abbey of St. Albans. -- On the involuntary visit of Philip of Austria and Juana of Spain to Weymouth in 1506, and its consequences. -- Recuiver, the Regulbium of the Romans. -- Appendix.

Diesel fuel release at Caterpillar Proving Grounds, East Peoria, Illinois : Tazewell and Woodford Counties /

On February 18, 2011, Caterpillar Tractor Company, Inc. (CAT) was notified by the Woodford County Emergency Management Agency that residents along Ten Mile Creek had noticed a fuel odor. CAT personnel checked outfalls on the bluff below and the Proving Grounds fuel station and discovered some diesel fuel seeping into a ravine which continues to Ten Mile Creek. An initial investigation around the fueling facility revealed a diesel leak in an underground line that feeds the fuel dispensers. Diesel fuel is used on the Proving Grounds property to power the earth-moving equipment being tested there. At the time the leak was found, CAT began excavating to remove the source and to find the extend of the leak. The fuel had followed a down-hill slope to a ravine on CAT property, ran down the ravine and impacted Ten-Mile Creek (about one-half mile away) with a visible sheen of diesel fuel on top of the water.

[Special education expenditure and receipts summary report] /

Illinois school districts are required to compile a report to identify special education expenditures; receipts from state, federal and local source; and net special education expenditures over receipts. The Illinois State Board of Education then calculates these expenditures and receipts to prepare an annual report to the Governor and Illinois General Assembly (effective 8/30/2007).

Effects of acid rain [microform] : hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, second session ....

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc.

Depth of cure and surface microhardness of composite resin cured with blue LED curing lights

Objectives. This study examined the depth of cure and surface microhardness of Filtek Z250 composite resin (3M-Espe) (shades B1, A3, and C4) when cured with three commercially available tight emitting diode (LED) curing lights [E-light (GC), Elipar Freelight (3M-ESPE), 475H (RF Lab Systems)], compared with a high intensity quartz tungsten halogen (HQTH) light (Kerr Demetron Optilux 501) and a conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) lamp (Sirona S1 dental unit). Methods. The effects of light source and resin shade were evaluated as independent variables. Depth of cure after 40 s of exposure was determined using the ISO 4049:2000 method, and Vickers hardness determined at 1.0 mm intervals. Results. HQTH and QTH lamps gave the greatest depth of cure. The three LED lights showed similar performances across all parameters, and each unit exceeded the ISO standard for depth of cure except GC ELight for shade B1. In terms of shade, LED lights gave greater curing depths with A3 shade, while QTH and HQTH tights gave greater curing depths with C4 shade. Hardness at the resin surface was not significantly different between LED and conventional curing lights, however, below the surface, hardness reduced more rapidly for the LED lights, especially at depths beyond 3 mm. Significance. Since the performance of the three LED lights meets the ISO standard for depth of cure, these systems appear suitable for routine clinical application for resin curing. (C) 2003 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use of stable-isotope probing, full-cycle rRNA analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization-microautoradiography to study a methanol-fed denitrifying microbial community

A denitrifying microbial consortium was enriched in an anoxically operated, methanol-fed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with a mineral salts medium containing methanol as the sole carbon source and nitrate as the electron acceptor. The SBR was inoculated with sludge from a biological nutrient removal activated sludge plant exhibiting good denitrification. The SBR denitrification rate improved from less than 0.02 mg of NO3-.N mg of mixed-liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)(-1) h(-1) to a steady-state value of 0.06 mg of NO3-.N mg of MLVSS-1 h(-1) over a 7-month operational period. At this time, the enriched microbial community was subjected to stable-isotope probing (SIP) with [C-13] methanol to biomark the DNA of the denitrifiers. The extracted [C-13]DNA and [C-12]DNA from the SIP experiment were separately subjected to full-cycle rRNA analysis. The dominant 16S rRNA gene phylotype (group A clones) in the [C-13]DNA clone library was closely related to those of the obligate methylotrophs Methylobacillus and Methylophilus in the order Methylophilales of the Betaproteobacteria (96 to 97% sequence identities), while the most abundant clone groups in the [C-12]DNA clone library mostly belonged to the family Saprospiraceae in the Bacteroidetes phylum. Oligonucleotide probes for use in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were designed to specifically target the group A clones and Methylophilales (probes DEN67 and MET1216, respectively) and the Saprospiraceae clones (probe SAP553). Application of these probes to the SBR biomass over the enrichment period demonstrated a strong correlation between the level of SBR denitrification and relative abundance of DEN67-targeted bacteria in the SBR community. By contrast, there was no correlation between the denitrification rate and the relative abundances of the well-known denitrifying genera Hyphomicrobium and Paracoccus or the Saprospiraceae clones visualized by FISH in the SBR biomass. FISH combined with microautoradiography independently confirmed that the DEN67-targeted cells were the dominant bacterial group capable of anoxic [C-14] methanol uptake in the enriched biomass. The well-known denitrification lag period in the methanol-fed SBR was shown to coincide with a lag phase in growth of the DEN67-targeted denitrifying population. We conclude that Methylophilales bacteria are the dominant denitrifiers in our SBR system and likely are important denitrifiers in full-scale methanol-fed denitrifying sludges.

Direct fermentation of potato starch wastewater to lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus arrhizus

The biochemical kinetic of direct fermentation for lactic acid production by fungal species of Rhizopus arrhizus 3,6017 and Rhizopus oryzae 2,062 was studied with respect to growth pH, temperature and substrate. The direct fermentation was characterized by starch hydrolysis, accumulation of reducing sugar, and production of lactic acid and fungal biomass. Starch hydrolysis, reducing sugar accumulation, biomass formation and lactic acid production were affected with the variations in pH, temperature, and starch source and concentration. A growth condition with starch concentration approximately 20 g/l at pH 6.0 and 30 degrees C was favourable for both starch saccharification and lactic acid fermentation, resulting in lactic acid yield of 0.87-0.97 g/g starch associated with 1.5-2.0 g/l fungal biomass produced in 36 h fermentation. R. arrhizus 3,6017 had a higher capacity to produce lactic acid, while R. oryzae 2,062 produced more fungal biomass under similar conditions.

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of potato starch wastewater to lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus arrhizus

The biochemical kinetic of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for lactic acid production by fungal species of Rhizopus arrhizus 36017 and Rhizopus oryzae 2062 was studied with respect to growth pH, temperature and substrate. Both R. arrhizus 36017 and R. oryzae 2062 had a capacity to carry out a single stage SSF process for lactic acid production from potato starch wastewater. The kinetic characteristics, termed as starch hydrolysis, accumulation of reducing sugars, lactic acid production and fungal biomass formation, were affected with variations in pH, temperature, and starch source and concentration. A growth condition with starch concentration approximately 20 g/l at pH 6.0 and 30 degrees C was favourable for both starch saccharification and lactic acid fermentation, resulting in lactic acid yield of 0.85-0.92 g/g associated with 1.5-3.5 g/l fungal biomass produced in 36-48 h fermentation. R. arrhizus 36017 had a higher capacity to produce lactic acid, while R. oryzae 2062 produced more fungal biomass under similar conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.