Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXII/1c (PS70) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were measured as part of the project HERMES during R/V Polarstern cruise ARK-XXII/1 (2007-05-29 to 2007-07-25) along transits and survey profiles and partly during stationary work. Data were achieved mainly in the coastal areas of northern Norway, at the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano at the continental margin approx. 200 nm off the norwegian coast and the AWI-Hausgarten area approx. 150 nm west of Svalbard. A number of surveys were carried out in the coastal areas of northern Norway (Sula Reef, Roest Reef, Traena area, Floholmen area, Sotbakken area) and around the area of the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano. The multibeam sonar system Atlas Hydrosweep DS-2 (Atlas Hydrographic, http://www.atlashydro.com) was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The refraction correction was achieved using CTD profiles measured during this cruise or, during transits, utilizing the system's own cross fan calibration. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions (only in the AWI-Hausgarten area). This dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XVI/4 (PS53) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were collected without operator supervision on R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XVI/4 along track lines of 6385 NM total length. Data were achieved during transits and stationary work on the route from Cape Town to Bremerhaven via the Cape Verde Islands and the Canary Islands. The multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2 was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions. The dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and Littorina obtusata biological processes during experiments, 2009

Our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on whole organism function is growing, but most current information is for adult stages of development. Here, we show the effects of reduced pH seawater (pH 7.6) on aspects of the development, physiology and behaviour of encapsulated embryos of the marine intertidal gastropod Littorina obtusata. We found reduced viability and increased development times under reduced pH conditions, and the embryos had significantly altered behaviours and physiologies. In acidified seawater, embryos spent more time stationary, had slower rotation rates, spent less time crawling, but increased their movement periodicity compared with those maintained under control conditions. Larval and adult heart rates were significantly lower in acidified seawater, and hatchling snails had an altered shell morphology (lateral length and spiral shell length) compared to control snails. Our findings show that ocean acidification may have multiple, subtle effects during the early development of marine animals that may have implications for their survival beyond those predicted using later life stages.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XV/4 (PS49) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were collected without operator supervision on R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XV/4 along track lines of about 7000 NM total length. Data were achieved during transits and stationary work in the western Weddell Sea, at the Weddell-Scotia Confluence, and on a transect along the Prime Meridian of about 1300 NM length, between 69°S and 47°S. The multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2 was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions. The dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXII/1b (PS70) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were measured as part of the project HERMES during R/V Polarstern cruise ARK-XXII/1 (2007-05-29 to 2007-07-25) along transits and survey profiles and partly during stationary work. Data were achieved mainly in the coastal areas of northern Norway, at the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano at the continental margin approx. 200 nm off the norwegian coast and the AWI-Hausgarten area approx. 150 nm west of Svalbard. A number of surveys were carried out in the coastal areas of northern Norway (Sula Reef, Roest Reef, Traena area, Floholmen area, Sotbakken area) and around the area of the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano. The multibeam sonar system Atlas Hydrosweep DS-2 (Atlas Hydrographic, http://www.atlashydro.com) was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The refraction correction was achieved using CTD profiles measured during this cruise or, during transits, utilizing the system's own cross fan calibration. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions (only in the AWI-Hausgarten area). This dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Circumpolar Scaling Layer for downscaling of Scatterometer derived soil moisture with links to geotiff images and NetCDF files (2005-01 to 2011-12)

This dataset provides scaling information applicable to satellite derived coarse resolution surface soil moisture datasets following the approach by Wagner et al. (2008). It is based on ENVISAT ASAR data and can be utilized to apply the Metop ASCAT dataset (25 km) for local studies as well as to assess the representativeness of in-situ measurement sites and thus their potential for upscaling. The approach based on temporal stability (Wagner et al. 2008) consists of the assessment of the validity of the coarse resolution datasets at medium resolution (1 km, product is the so called 'scaling layer').

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXII/1a (PS70) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were measured as part of the project HERMES during R/V Polarstern cruise ARK-XXII/1 (2007-05-29 to 2007-07-25) along transits and survey profiles and partly during stationary work. Data were achieved mainly in the coastal areas of northern Norway, at the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano at the continental margin approx. 200 nm off the norwegian coast and the AWI-Hausgarten area approx. 150 nm west of Svalbard. A number of surveys were carried out in the coastal areas of northern Norway (Sula Reef, Roest Reef, Traena area, Floholmen area, Sotbakken area) and around the area of the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano. The multibeam sonar system Atlas Hydrosweep DS-2 (Atlas Hydrographic, http://www.atlashydro.com) was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The refraction correction was achieved using CTD profiles measured during this cruise or, during transits, utilizing the system's own cross fan calibration. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions (only in the AWI-Hausgarten area). This dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XIX/5 (PS61) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were measured during R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XIX/5 along track lines of approximately 4000 NM total length in the Scotia Sea. Data were achieved along the Scotia Arc from Burdwood Bank to King George Island. A multibeam box survey was conducted at the southern part of the Discovery Rise, located at 50°55'S / 35°30'W and covering an area of 90 x 15 NM. A bathymetric survey of 25 x 60 NM was carried out at the eastern part of the South Shetland Trench and its intersection with the Shackleton Fracture Zone, continuing multibeam data from former expeditions. The multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2 was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The refraction correction was achieved utilizing the system's own cross fan calibration. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions. The dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Benthic and substrate cover data derived from a time series of photo-transect surveys for the Eastern Banks, Moreton Bay Australia, 2004-2015

This paper describes seagrass species and percentage cover point-based field data sets derived from georeferenced photo transects. Annually or biannually over a ten year period (2004-2015) data sets were collected using 30-50 transects, 500-800 m in length distributed across a 142 km**2 shallow, clear water seagrass habitat, the Eastern Banks, Moreton Bay, Australia. Each of the eight data sets include seagrass property information derived from approximately 3000 georeferenced, downward looking photographs captured at 2-4 m intervals along the transects. Photographs were manually interpreted to estimate seagrass species composition and percentage cover (Coral Point Count excel; CPCe). Understanding seagrass biology, ecology and dynamics for scientific and management purposes requires point-based data on species composition and cover. This data set, and the methods used to derive it are a globally unique example for seagrass ecological applications. It provides the basis for multiple further studies at this site, regional to global comparative studies, and, for the design of similar monitoring programs elsewhere.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XIX/2 (PS61) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were measured during R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XIX/2 along track lines of about 6,100 NM total length along transits, survey profiles and during stationary work, mainly in the Weddell Sea. A multibeam survey was conducted in the eastern Weddell Sea at a potential earthquake area, located east of Fimbul Canyon. The tracks complemented data from former expeditions and extended the surveyed area to 60 by 80 NM. Data were achieved during the transit to the eastern Weddell Sea and by several wide spaced track lines at the continental margin east of Antarctic Peninsula. Between 66°30'S and 67°S a systematic survey of about 35 by 40 NM was carried out at a slump area. The multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2 was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The refraction correction was achieved utilizing the system's own cross fan calibration. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions. The dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXII/2 (PS67) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were measured during R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XXII/2 along track lines of approximately 6800 NM total length during transits and the Ice Station POLarstern (ISPOL) experiment. Data were achieved during the transit from Cape Town via Bouvet Island towards Antarctic Peninsula for three weeks, crossing Agulhas Ridge, Agulhas Basin and Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and during the transit to Cape Town via South Georgia for two weeks. During the ISPOL station, data were gained while the vessel was drifting for five weeks anchored to an ice floe in the south-western Weddell Sea, starting at 68°13'S/54°47'W. The multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2 was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The refraction correction was achieved using CTD profiles or utilizing the system's own cross fan calibration. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions. The dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXIII/3 (PS72) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were measured during R/V Polarstern cruise ARK-XXIII/3 along track lines of 7248 NM total length in the Arctic Ocean during transits and stationary work. Data were achieved on the transit from Iceland through the Northwestern Passage and the Beaufort Sea to the East Siberian Sea, crossing Northwind Ridge and Chukchi Plateau. The continental margin of East Siberian was surveyed by several wide spaced transects for almost three weeks. The Mendeleev Ridge and the surrounding deep sea bassins were investigated by a transect of about 1000 NM length, located at 80°-81°N. Lomonosov Ridge and Gakkel Ridge were also crossed. The multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2 was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle, 120° in shallow water areas. The refraction correction was achieved utilizing 14 CTD profiles measured during the cruise or by the system's own cross fan calibration. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions. The dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XV/2 (PS47) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were measured during R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XV/2 along track lines of approximately 10200 NM total length during transits, surveys and partly during stationary work, mainly in the Scotia Sea and the Weddell Sea. Areal multibeam surveys were performed in the vicinity of the South Shetland trench, the Bransfield Basin, the South Sandwich trench, and off the Ekstrom Ice Shelf for time periods of three to eight days. The multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2 was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle, in some shallow areas 120°. The refraction correction was achieved utilizing sound velocity profiles sampled during the cruise, and by the system's own cross fan calibration. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions. The dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.

Swath sonar bathymetry during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XV/3 (PS48) with links to multibeam raw data files

Multibeam data were collected without operator supervision on R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XV/3 during 19 days along track lines of about 1100 NM total length. Data were achieved during transits and stationary work in the eastern Weddell Sea off the Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelf between Halley Bay and Atka Bay. The multibeam sonar system Hydrosweep DS-2 was operated using 59 beams and 90° aperture angle. The quality of data might be reduced during bad weather periods or adverse sea ice conditions. The dataset contains raw data that are not processed and thus may contain errors and blunders in depth and position.