Residents’ perceptions on impacts of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: comparisons of the pre-and post-2012 ECOC

The nomination of Guimarães, a small city located in the northwest of Portugal, as European capital of culture (ECOC) in 2012 raised great expectations in the local community towards its socio-economic and cultural benefits. As noted by various authors, namely Kim and Petrick (2005), Kim, Gursoy and Lee (2006) and Gursoy, Chi, Ai and Chen (2011), residents tend to have high expectations about the benefits of hosting a mega-event, although they tend to recognize that some costs will result from it. Therefore, the present research was designed to examine the Guimarães residents’ perceptions on the impacts of the 2012 European capital of culture (2012 ECOC) on the city and the municipality of Guimarães before and after the mega-event and the differences found between the two time periods.

Silicon in plant disease control

All essential nutrients can affect the incidence and severity of plant diseases. Although silicon (Si) is not considered as an essential nutrient for plants, it stands out for its potential to decrease disease intensity in many crops. The mechanism of Si action in plant resistance is still unclear. Si deposition in plant cell walls raised the hypothesis of a possible physical barrier to pathogen penetration. However, the increased activity of phenolic compounds, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases in plants treated with Si demonstrates the involvement of this element in the induction of plant defense responses. The studies examined in this review address the role of Si in disease control and the possible mechanisms involved in the mode of Si action in disease resistance in plants.

Gradual correction of phosphorus availability in the no-tillage system

ABSTRACT In areas cultivated under no-tillage system, the availability of phosphorus (P) can be raised by means of the gradual corrective fertilization, applying phosphorus into sowing furrows at doses higher than those required by the crops. The objective of this work was to establish the amount of P to be applied in soybean crop to increase content of P to pre-established values at the depth of 0.0 to 0.10 m. An experiment was carried out on a clayey Haplorthox soil with a randomized block experimental design distributed in split-split plot, with four replications. Two soybean crop systems (single or intercropped with Panicum maximum Jaca cv. Aruana) were evaluated in the plots. In addition, it was evaluated four P levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 P2O5) applied in the first year in the split plots; and four P levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 P2O5) applied in the two subsequent crops in the split-split plot. Contents of P were extracted by Mehlich-1 and Anion Exchange Resin methods from soil samples collected in the split-split plot. It was found that it is necessary to apply 19.4 or 11.1 kg ha-1 of P2O5, via triple superphosphate as source, to increase 1 mg dm-3 of P extracted by Mehlich-1 or Resin, respectively, in the 0.0 to 0.10 m layer of depth. The soil drain P character decreases as the amount of this nutrient supplied in the previous crops is increased.

Access to information: assessment of the use of automated interaction technologies in call centers

With the purpose of at lowering costs and reendering the demanded information available to users with no access to the internet, service companies have adopted automated interaction technologies in their call centers, which may or may not meet the expectations of users. Based on different areas of knowledge (man-machine interaction, consumer behavior and use of IT) 13 propositions are raised and a research is carried out in three parts: focus group, field study with users and interviews with experts. Eleven automated service characteristics which support the explanation for user satisfaction are listed, a preferences model is proposed and evidence in favor or against each of the 13 propositions is brought in. With balance scorecard concepts, a managerial assessment model is proposed for the use of automated call center technology. In future works, the propositions may become verifiable hypotheses through conclusive empirical research.

Dependence relationship between the critical quality factors and social impact

This paper shows the results of the empirical study conducted in 186 tourist accommodation businesses in Spain certified under the "Q for Tourist Quality", own System Quality Management. It was raised with the purpose of analyzing the structure of the relationship between critical quality factors and results-social impact, how they operate and the level of their influence on obtaining these results within the company. Starting from a deep theoretical revision we propose a theoretical model together with the hypotheses to be tested, and we proceed to validation using the technique of Structural Equation Models. The results obtained show that companies wishing to improve their social impact should take into account that leadership is the most important factor to achieve it. Leadership indirectly affects the social impact through its influence on alliances and resources, quality policy/planning, personnel management and learning.

Intervenção social com as famílias = Intervention sociale avec les familles

RESUMO: Breve apresentação de uma família e sua problemática, beneficiária do Rendimento Social de Inserção, bem como as dificuldades que a técnica encontra no acompanhamento da mesma. ABSTRACT: Brief presentation of a family and set of problems raised by their social situation that receives a social subsidy for reinsertion, as well as the difficulties that the social worker encounters.

Ecological aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: 4. Observations on the endophilic behavior of the sandfly and the vectorial role of Psychodopygus intermedius in the Ribeira Valley region of the S.Paulo State, Brazil

The invasive tendency of Psychodopygus intermedius in the home environment, observed initially by Forattini et al. (1976), has now been confirmed by the demonstration of its high endophilic ability and by the use of human residences for shelter. Populations such as Lutzomyia migonei and Pintomyia fischeri were also present in that environment, though their low densities registered during this investigation could be an indication of their poor ability to overcome the barriers raised by the artificial environment. An objective epidemiological analysis based on the variables here given showed that human infection takes place in the extraforest environment, and the principal vectorial function falls, without doubt, on P. intermedius.

Design of a sea-level tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz

The devastating impact of the Sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004, raised the question for scientists of how to forecast a tsunami threat. In 2005, the IOC-UNESCO XXIII assembly decided to implement a global tsunami warning system to cover the regions that were not yet protected, namely the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean and the North East Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (the NEAM region). Within NEAM, the Gulf of Cadiz is the more sensitive area, with an important record of devastating historical events. The objective of this paper is to present a preliminary design for a reliable tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz, based on a network of sea-level observatories. The tsunamigenic potential of this region has been revised in order to define the active tectonic structures. Tsunami hydrodynamic modeling and GIS technology have been used to identify the appropriate locations for the minimum number of sea-level stations. Results show that 3 tsunameters are required as the minimum number of stations necessary to assure an acceptable protection to the large coastal population in the Gulf of Cadiz. In addition, 29 tide gauge stations could be necessary to fully assess the effects of a tsunami along the affected coasts of Portugal, Spain and Morocco.

New Steel Alloys for the Design of Heat Recovery Steam Generator Components of Combined Cycle Gas Plants

Demand for power is growing every day, mainly due to emerging economies in countries such as China, Russia, India, and Brazil. During the last 50 years steam pressure and temperature in power plants have been continuously raised to improve thermal efficiency. Recent efforts to improve efficiency leads to the development of a new generation of heat recovery steam generator, where the Benson once-through technology is applied to improve the thermal efficiency. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanical behavior of a high pressure superheater manifold by applying finite element modeling and a finite element analysis with the objective of analyzing stress propagation, leading to the study of damage mechanism, e.g., uniaxial fatigue, uniaxial creep for life prediction. The objective of this paper is also to analyze the mechanical properties of the new high temperature resistant materials in the market such as 2Cr Bainitic steels (T/P23 and T/P24) and also the 9-12Cr Martensitic steels (T/P91, T/P92, E911, and P/T122). For this study the design rules for construction of power boilers to define the geometry of the HPSH manifold were applied.

Monetary and fiscal policies interactions in a monetary union with country-size asymmetry

Within a country-size asymmetric monetary union, idiosyncratic shocks and national fiscal stabilization policies cause asymmetric cross-border effects. These effects are a source of strategic interactions between noncoordinated fiscal and monetary policies: on the one hand, due to larger externalities imposed on the union, large countries face less incentives to develop free-riding fiscal policies; on the other hand, a larger strategic position vis-à-vis the central bank incentives the use of fiscal policy to, deliberately, influence monetary policy. Additionally, the existence of non-distortionary government financing may also shape policy interactions. As a result, optimal policy regimes may diverge not only across the union members, but also between the latter and the monetary union. In a two-country micro-founded New-Keynesian model for a monetary union, we consider two fiscal policy scenarios: (i) lump-sum taxes are raised to fully finance the government budget and (ii) lump-sum taxes do not ensure balanced budgets in each period; therefore, fiscal and monetary policies are expected to impinge on debt sustainability. For several degrees of country-size asymmetry, we compute optimal discretionary and dynamic non-cooperative policy games and compare their stabilization performance using a union-wide welfare measure. We also assess whether these outcomes could be improved, for the monetary union, through institutional policy arrangements. We find that, in the presence of government indebtedness, monetary policy optimally deviates from macroeconomic to debt stabilization. We also find that policy cooperation is always welfare increasing for the monetary union as a whole; however, indebted large countries may strongly oppose to this arrangement in favour of fiscal leadership. In this case, delegation of monetary policy to a conservative central bank proves to be fruitful to improve the union’s welfare.

Ferromagnetic order in aged Co-doped TiO2 anatase nanopowders

Oxide based diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) materials have been a subject of increasing interest due to reports of room temperature ferromagnetism in several systems and their potential use in the development of spintronic devices. However, concerns on the stability of the magnetic properties of different DMS systems have been raised. Their magnetic moment is often unstable, vanishing with a characteristic decay time of weeks or months, which precludes the development of real applications. This paper reports on the ferromagnetic properties of two-year-aged Ti1-xCoxO2-δ reduced anatase nanopowders with different Co contents (0.03≤x≤0.10). Aged samples retain rather high values of magnetization, remanence and coercivity which provide strong evidence for a quite preserved long-range ferromagnetic order. In what concern Co segregation, some degree of metastability of the diluted Co doped anatase structure could be inferred in the case of the sample with the higher Co content.

Geostatistical Mapping of Outfall Plume Dispersion Data gathered with an autonomous underwater vehicle

The main purpose of this study was to examine the applicability of geostatistical modeling to obtain valuable information for assessing the environmental impact of sewage outfall discharges. The data set used was obtained in a monitoring campaign to S. Jacinto outfall, located off the Portuguese west coast near Aveiro region, using an AUV. The Matheron’s classical estimator was used the compute the experimental semivariogram which was fitted to three theoretical models: spherical, exponential and gaussian. The cross-validation procedure suggested the best semivariogram model and ordinary kriging was used to obtain the predictions of salinity at unknown locations. The generated map shows clearly the plume dispersion in the studied area, indicating that the effluent does not reach the near by beaches. Our study suggests that an optimal design for the AUV sampling trajectory from a geostatistical prediction point of view, can help to compute more precise predictions and hence to quantify more accurately dilution. Moreover, since accurate measurements of plume’s dilution are rare, these studies might be very helpful in the future for validation of dispersion models.

Avaliação da posição ortostática em plataforma de forças de dois indivíduos com acidente vascular encefálico antes e após uma intervenção baseado no conceito Bobath

Introdução: O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é uma importante e frequente condição de saúde que se repercute na funcionalidade do indivíduo. No sentido de reabilitar a função perdida, é comum o recurso a intervenções de fisioterapia baseado o conceito de Bobath. Como tal, importa verificar, as modificações no âmbito do controlo postural, através da migração do centro de pressão na base de suporte, face à aplicação de uma intervenção segundo abordagem baseada no conceito de Bobath em dois indivíduos com AVE. Métodos e participantes: Foram recrutados dois indivíduos com diagnóstico de AVE num hospital da zona do grande Porto. Dados referentes ao equilíbrio estático na condição de medição “olhos abertos ou fechados” e “calçado ou descalço” foram obtidos através de plataforma de forças, antes e após uma intervenção baseado no conceito de Bobath durante 13 semanas (M0 e M1). Nestes dois momentos foram ainda avaliados a mobilidade, função cognitiva, participação, equilíbrio através do teste Timed Up & Go (TUG) e Timed Up & Go Modificado (TUGM), e das escalas Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Postural Assessment for Stroke Scale (PASS), Escala de Berg (EB) e Índice de Barthel Modificado (IBM). Resultados: Os participantes obtiveram em ambos os momentos pontuação máxima no MMSE. Ambos os indivíduos atingiram o valor máximo no IBM em M1 (Mo: A: 78; B: 65). Ambos os indivíduos aumentaram o score entre M0 e M1, relativamente ao PASS (A: M0:21; M1:33; B: M0: 26; M1:34) e EB (A: M0:48; M1:54; B: M0: 30; M1:50). O tempo de realização do TUG e do TUGM diminuíram entre momentos em ambos os indivíduos (respectivamente: A: 15''13'' a 13''27''; B: 24''13'' a 13''88'' e A: 19''08''' a 13''27''; B: 29''60''' a 17''64'''). A área de deslocação do centro de pressão (CP) variou entre momentos em todas as condições de avaliação, sendo menor na condição “olhos abertos e descalço” em ambos os participantes (“olhos abertos e calçado”: A: M0= 1,364, M1=2,796; B: M0=1,892, M1=2,979; “olhos abertos e descalço”: A: M0= 0,758, M1=0,727; B: M0=3,064, M1=1,952; “olhos fechados e calçado”: A: M0= 2,360, M1=2,998; B: M0=2,232, M1= 4,392; “olhos fechados e descalço”: A: M0= 1,347, M1=2,388; B: M0=1,652, M1= 1,016). O desvio padrão das deslocações anteroposteriores variou entre momentos, sendo tendencialmente maior em M1 e na condição “descalço e olhos abertos”(“olhos abertos e calçado”: A: M0= 0,201, M1=0,500; B: M0=0,252, M1=0,310; “olhos abertos e descalço”: A: M0= 0,118, M1=0,165; B: M0=0,282, M1=0,276; “olhos fechados e calçado”: A: M0= 0,308, M1=0,398; B: M0=0,274, M1= 0,471; “olhos fechados e descalço”: A: M0= 0,158 , M1=0,373; B: M0=0,230, M1= 0,172), o desvio padrão das deslocações médio-lateral seguem a mesma tendência (“olhos abertos e calçado”: A: M0= 0,370 , M1=0,473; B: M0=0,454, M1=0,517; “olhos abertos e descalço”: A: M0= 0,354, M1=0,236 ; B: M0=0,584, M1=0,381; “olhos fechados e calçado”: A: M0= 0,425, M1=0,463; B: M0=0,462, M1= 0,583; “olhos fechados e descalço”: A: M0= 0,475, M1=0,416; B: M0=0,389, M1= 0,342). A velocidade de oscilação na direcção antero – posterior variou entre momentos, sendo tendencialmente menor em M1, em ambos os participantes e em todas as condições de avaliação: “olhos abertos e calçado”: A: M0= 0,886 , M1=0,532; B: M0=2,507, M1=01,072; “olhos abertos e descalço”: A: M0= 2,562, M1=3,815 ; B: M0=4,367, M1=0,262; “olhos fechados e calçado”: A: M0= 2,689, M1=1,757; B: M0=2,821, M1= 0,769; “olhos fechados e descalço”: A: M0= 2,984, M1=2,525; B: M0=4,100, M1= 0,265), a velocidade de oscilação na direcção médio – lateral seguem a mesma tendência para as condições de “olhos abertos e calçado”: A: M0= 6,524 , M1=6,218; B: M0=0,467, M1=0,404; “olhos fechados e calçado”: A: M0= 6,387, M1=1,927; B: M0=0,351, M1= 0,505; mas a velocidade de oscilação aumenta para as condições de “olhos abertos e descalço”: A: M0= 3,108, M1=7,806 ; B: M0=1,150, M1=8,054; “olhos fechados e descalço”: A: M0= 3,444, M1=3,839; B: M0=1,434, M1= 7,891). Conclusão: Entre os dois momentos os indivíduos melhoraram a sua mobilidade, equilíbrio, participação e actividades, potencialmente devido à intervenção baseado no conceito de Bobath.

A influência da microgravidade na musculatura esquelética: alterações musculares e intervenção terapêutica

Introdução – O incremento do tempo de exposição à microgravidade origina um descondicionamento músculo-esquelético que precisa de ser prevenido através do treino. Objetivos – Identificar os padrões destas alterações e descrever os programas de treino em microgravidade e estratégias pós-exposição. Método – A pesquisa da revisão da literatura foi conduzida através da MEDLINE/PubMed e PEDro com as seguintes palavras--chave: “spaceflight rehabilitation”, “spaceflight muscle”, “microgravity muscle” e “bed rest muscle”, seguida de uma seleção dos artigos. Resultados – Os estudos encontrados apresentam uma resposta músculo-tendinosa diferencial sendo que o treino protege total ou parcialmente estas estruturas. Conclusão – O treino de resistance de intensidade elevada e baixas repetições associado a exercícios específicos é o mais adequado para responder ao descondicionamento. - ABSTRACT - Introduction – The increased microgravity exposition time raised the need for training programs to avoid muscle and tendinous deconditioning. Objectives – To identify the deconditioning patterns and to identify and describe the training programs used for its prevention during and after microgravity exposure. Methods – This literature review is based on a search conducted via MEDLINE/PubMed and PEDro using the following search words: “spaceflight rehabilitation”, “spaceflight muscle”, “microgravity muscle” and “bed rest muscle”. The search was followed by an article selection. Results – The studies reveal a differential exposure phenomenon for which the training programs reviewed are partly effective. Conclusion – According to the literature the high intensity low volume resistance programs with specific exercises are more appropriate to address the deconditioning problem.

New tendencies on intercultural communication

18th SPACE Annual Conference and EURASHE-SEPHE Seminar 21-24 March 2007 Thursday 22 March 2007