Some central limit theorems for doubly restricted partitions

Let P_{K, L}(N) be the number of unordered partitions of a positive integer N into K or fewer positive integer parts, each part not exceeding L. A distribution of the form

Ʃ/N≤x P_K,L(N)

is considered first. For any fixed K, this distribution approaches a piecewise polynomial function as L increases to infinity. As both K and L approach infinity, this distribution is asymptotically normal. These results are proved by studying the convergence of the characteristic function.

The main result is the asymptotic behavior of P_K,K(N) itself, for certain large K and N. This is obtained by studying a contour integral of the generating function taken along the unit circle. The bulk of the estimate comes from integrating along a small arc near the point 1. Diophantine approximation is used to show that the integral along the rest of the circle is much smaller.

Changes in the coherence of quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beams propagating through turbulent atmosphere

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the mutual coherence function of quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beams propagating through turbulent atmosphere is derived analytically. By employing the lateral and the longitudinal coherence length of EGSM beams to characterize the spatial and the temporal coherence of the beams, the behavior of changes in the spatial and the temporal coherence of those beams is studied. The results show that with a fixed set of beam parameters and under particular atmospheric turbulence model, the lateral coherence of an EGSM beam reaches its maximum value as the beam propagates a certain distance in the turbulent atmosphere, then it begins degrading and keeps decreasing along with the further distance. However, the longitudinal coherence length of an EGSM beam keeps unchanging in this propagation. Lastly, a qualitative explanation is given to these results. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Computational Microscopy: Breaking the Limit of Conventional Optics

Computational imaging is flourishing thanks to the recent advancement in array photodetectors and image processing algorithms. This thesis presents Fourier ptychography, which is a computational imaging technique implemented in microscopy to break the limit of conventional optics. With the implementation of Fourier ptychography, the resolution of the imaging system can surpass the diffraction limit of the objective lens's numerical aperture; the quantitative phase information of a sample can be reconstructed from intensity-only measurements; and the aberration of a microscope system can be characterized and computationally corrected. This computational microscopy technique enhances the performance of conventional optical systems and expands the scope of their applications.

Neutral red uptake (NRU) entseguaren optimizazioa lur-zizareen sistema immuneko zelulen kultibo primarioetan

Azken urteotan eman diren kutsatzaile desberdinen gehiegizko isurpen edo erabilpena dela eta, lurzoruetan metal astunak metatu dira eta horrek , kate trofikoaren oinarrian dauden organismoen gainean k altea k sorrarazi d itu. Eisenia fetida zizarea espezie zent inela gisa erabili da lur entsegu ekotoxikologi koet an . Esperimentu honetan Eisenia fetida - ren jariakin zelomikoan dauden eta babes funtzioa duten zelomozitoak pH desberdinetara edo Kadmio bezalako metalera esposatzeak Neutral Red (NR) edo gorri neutro tindatzaile kationikoaren harreran eta fagoz itosi ahalmenean , eragina duen aztertu nahi izan da. Esperimentua in vitro egin zen 3R filosofia jarraituz. Alde batetik, pH desberdinen eragin ari dagokio nez gorri neutroaren harrera ( NRU ) entsegua n erantzun bimodal bat behatu zen eta beste alde bate tik, f agozitatzeko ahalmenari dagokiola zelomozitoak Eagle medioan kultibatzean ez zen aldaketa esangarria ikusi kadmioa ren, kontr olaren eta kontrol positi boaren artean. Bai ordea L - 1 5 medioarekin, non kontrol posit iboa k beste biak baino absorbantzia handiagoa erakutsi zuen. Emaitza hauek erakusten dute zelomozitoe n mintza gradualki kaltetzen doala pH neutrotik aldentzen doan heinean eta puntu batetik aurrera NRU emendatzen da zelomozito batzuen (amebozitoen) fagozitosia aktibatzen d el a ko .

Efeito do dentifrício fluoretado na incidência de cárie na dentição decídua e fluorose na dentição permanente: revisões sistemáticas e metanálises

Apesar do potencial anticárie do dentifrício fluoretado na dentição permanente estar bem estabelecido, existe uma lacuna no conhecimento em relação ao seu efeito na dentição decídua; não existe consenso quanto à concentração ideal de fluoreto no dentifrício capaz de maximizar o benefício anticárie na dentição decídua e simultaneamente minimizar o risco de desenvolver fluorose clinicamente importante na dentição permanente. O artigo 1 desta tese avaliou o efeito dos dentifrícios de concentração baixa (menos de 600 ppm) e padrão (1000 a 1500 ppm) de fluoreto comparados com placebo ou nenhuma intervenção e o artigo 2 comparou diretamente o efeito do dentifrício de concentração baixa de fluoreto com o de concentração padrão. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados ou quasi-randomizados. Dois examinadores leram, de forma independente, 1932 resumos ou citações e 159 estudos na íntegra. As discordâncias foram resolvidas por um terceiro examinador. Oito estudos foram incluídos no artigo 1 e cinco no artigo 2. Para avaliar o efeito dos dentifrícios fluoretados sobre o número de dentes e superfícies dentárias cariadas, perdidas por cárie e obturadas, e sobre o número de crianças com cárie e fluorose, foram estimados frações prevenidas (FP) e riscos relativos (RR) combinados, respectivamente. Quando os dentifrícios de concentração padrão de fluoreto foram comparados com placebo ou nenhuma intervenção, houve reduções significativas de cárie no nível de superfície (FP= 31%; IC 95% 18 43), dente (FP= 16%; IC 95% 7 24) e indivíduo (RR= 0,86; IC 95% 0,81 0,93). Quando os dentifrícios de concentração baixa de fluoreto foram comparados com nenhuma intervenção, houve redução significativa de cárie apenas no nível de superfície (FP= 40%; IC 95% 5 75) (artigo 1). Os dentifrícios de concentração baixa de fluoreto, comparados diretamente com os de concentração padrão, aumentaram significativamente o risco de cárie na dentição decídua (RR= 1,13; IC 95% 1,07 1,20) e não reduziram significativamente o risco de fluorose clinicamente importante nos dentes permanentes anteriores superiores (RR= 0,32; IC 95% 0,03 2,97). Houve uma redução significativa de cárie no nível de dente quando o dentifrício com concentração padrão de fluoreto foi comparado com o de baixa concentração (FP=14%; IC 95% 6 21). Porém, não houve diferença no nível de superfície, apesar de ter havido uma tendência favorecendo os dentifrícios com concentração padrão de fluoreto e pH neutro (FP= 13%; IC 95% -4 30) e os de concentração baixa de fluoreto e pH ácido (FP= -5%; IC 95% -22 11) (artigo 2). Os dentifrícios de concentração padrão de fluoreto foram mais efetivos na redução de cárie na dentição decídua de pré-escolares do que os de concentração baixa, placebo ou nenhuma intervenção. Os dentifrícios de concentração padrão de fluoreto, em comparação com os de concentração baixa, não aumentaram significativamente o risco de fluorose clinicamente importante nos dentes permanentes anteriores superiores. São necessários mais estudos para confirmar se a redução do pH dos dentifrícios de concentração baixa de fluoreto pode ser considerada uma alternativa para aumentar o efeito anticárie e reduzir o risco de fluorose clinicamente importante.

On the dynamic readout of sub-diffraction-limit pit arrays with a silver thin film

Fast moving arrays of periodic sub-diffraction-limit pits were dynamically read out via a silver thin film. The mechanism of the dynamic readout is analysed and discussed in detail, both experimentally and theoretically. The analysis and experiment show that, in the course of readout, surface plasmons can be excited at the silver/air interface by the focused laser beam and amplified by the silver thin film. The surface plasmons are transmitted into the substrate/silver interface with a large enhancement. The surface waves at the substrate/silver interface are scattered by the sinusoidal pits of sub-diffraction-limit size. The scattered waves are collected by a converging lens and guided into the detector for the readout.

Coincidence point theorems in quasi-metric spaces without assuming the mixed monotone property and consequences in G-metric spaces

In this paper, we present some coincidence point theorems in the setting of quasi-metric spaces that can be applied to operators which not necessarily have the mixed monotone property. As a consequence, we particularize our results to the field of metric spaces, partially ordered metric spaces and G-metric spaces, obtaining some very recent results. Finally, we show how to use our main theorems to obtain coupled, tripled, quadrupled and multidimensional coincidence point results.

Quasi-self-imaging planar waveguide lasers with high-power single-mode output

We describe high-power planar waveguide laser which can achieve single-mode output from a multi-mode structure. The planar waveguide is constructed with incomplete self-imaging properties, by which the coupling loss of each guided mode can be discriminated. Thermal lens effects are evaluated for single-mode operation of such high-power diode-pumped solid-state lasers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

20-W average power, high repetition rate, nanosecond pulse with diffraction limit from an all-fiber MOPA system

In this article, we report an all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system, which can provide high repetition rate and nanosecond pulse with diffraction-limit. The system was constructed using a (2 + 1) X 1 multimode combiner. The Q-Switched, LD pumped Nd:YVO4 solid-state laser wets used (is master oscillator. The 976-nm fiber-coupled module is used as pump source. A 10-m long China-made Yb3+-doped D-shape double-clad large-mode-area fiber was used as amplifier fiber. The MOPA produced as much as 20-W average power with nanosecond pulse and near diffraction limited. The pulse duration is maintained at about 15 its during 50-175 kHz. The system employs a simple and compact architecture and is therefore suitable for the use in practical applications such as scientific and military airborne LIDAR and imaging. Based oil this system. the amplification performances of. the all fiber amplifier is investigated. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Microwave absorption properties of permalloy nanodots in the vortex and quasi-uniform magnetization states

When the in-plane bias magnetic field acting on a flat circular magnetic dot is smaller than the saturation field, there are two stable competing magnetization configurations of the dot: the vortex and the quasi-uniform (C-state). We measured microwave absorption properties in an array of non-interacting permalloy dots in the frequency range 1-8 GHz when the in-plane bias magnetic field was varied in the region of the dot magnetization state bi-stability. We found that the microwave absorption properties in the vortex and quasi-uniform stable states are substantially different, so that switching between these states in a fixed bias field can be used for the development of reconfigurable microwave magnetic materials.