Turbulence as a driver for vertical plankton distribution in the subsurface upper ocean

[EN] Vertical distributions of turbulent energy dissipation rates and fluorescence were measured simultaneously with a high-resolution micro-profiler in four different oceanographic regions, from temperate to polar and from coastal to open waters settings. High fluorescence values, forming a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), were often located in weakly stratified portions of the upper water column, just below layers with maximum levels of turbulent energy dissipation rate. In the vicinity of the DCM, a significant negative relationship between fluorescence and turbulent energy dissipation rate was found. We discuss the mechanisms that may explain the observed patterns of planktonic biomass distribution within the ocean mixed layer, including a vertically variable diffusion coefficient and the alteration of the cells sinking velocity by turbulent motion. These findings provide further insight into the processes controlling the vertical distribution of the pelagic community and position of the DCM.

Air-Sea Interactions of Natural Long-Lived Greenhouse Gases (CO2, N2O, CH4)in a Changing Climate

[EN] Understanding and quantifying ocean-atmosphere exchanges of the long-lived greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are important for understanding the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in the context of ongoing global climate change. In this chapter we summarise our current state of knowledge regarding the oceanic distributions, formation and consumption pathways, and oceanic uptake and emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4, with a particular emphasis on the upper ocean. We specifically consider the role of the ocean in regulating the tropospheric content of these important radiative gases in a world in which their tropospheric content is rapidly increasing and estimate the impact of global change on their present and future oceanic uptake and/or emission. Finally, we evaluate the various uncertainties associated with the most commonly used methods for estimating uptake and emission and identify future research needs.

Modelización estadística de eventos extremos de oleaje y nivel del mar

Programa de doctorado Física, Matemáticas, Geología y Clima

The structure of planktonic communities under variable coastal upwelling conditions off Cape Ghir (31ºN), in the Canary Current System (NW Africa)

Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar. Programa de doctorado en Oceanografía. Diploma de Estudios Avanzados

Sistema de la Corriente del Bransfield, SCB (Antártida)

Programa de doctorado en Física Fundamental

Microalgae bio-stimulating effect on traditional tomato agriculture

Máster en Oceanografía

Variabilidad de la Corriente del Golfo en dos décadas de datos de altimetría

[ES] La Corriente del Golfo es la corriente de frontera oeste del Atlántico norte. Esta corriente fluye paralela a la costa americana hasta Cabo Hateras donde se separa de tierra hacia el nordeste. Una vez se separa del continente americano, la corriente presenta una fuerte variabilidad debida a los desplazamientos meridionales de la corriente y de la presencia de meandros en su flujo. La posición de la Corriente del Golfo esta relacionada con la variabilidad del clima (Joyce et al. 2009), cambios en los stocks pesqueros (Nye et al. 2011) e incluso con especies claves de algunos ecosistemas (Borkman and Smayda 2009). Es por ello que la posición de la Corriente del Golfo ha sido estudiada a través de distintos indicadores, por ejemplo usando la isoterma 15ºC a 200m o buscando el máximo gradiente de nivel del mar. En este trabajo hemos creado un sencillo índice de 16 puntos para medir los desplazamientos latitudinales de la Corriente del Golfo. Este índice se construye seleccionando 16 puntos cada 1.33 grados de longitud a lo largo de la región de máxima variabilidad comprendida entre 52º y 72ºW. El índice es muy práctico porque permite una estimación rápida y fácil de actualizar. Por otro lado, el estudio analiza la variabilidad de estos desplazamientos y de los meandros de la corriente haciendo uso de Ecuaciones Empíricas Ortogonales y de análisis espectral. Ello nos permitirá conocer sus frecuencias con lo que podremos deducir a que fenómenos están vinculadas

Bottle effects, toxicity and cell viability during incubation experiments to asses community respiration

Máster en Oceanografía

Coupling between upper ocean layer variability and size-fractionated phytoplankton in a non-nutrient-limited environment

[EN] We describe the coupling between upper ocean layer variability and size-fractionated phytoplankton distribution in the non-nutrient-limited Bransfield Strait region (BS) of Antarctica. For this purpose we use hydrographic and size-fractionated chlorophyll a data from a transect that crossed 2 fronts and an eddy, together with data from 3 stations located in a deeply mixed region, the Antarctic Sound (AS). In the BS transect, small phytoplankton (<20 μm equivalent spherical diameter [ESD]) accounted for 80% of total chl a and their distribution appeared to be linked to cross-frontal variability. On the deepening upper mixed layer (UML) sides of both fronts we observed a deep subducting column-like structure of small phytoplankton biomass. On the shoaling UML sides of both fronts, where there were signs of restratification, we observed a local shallow maximum of small phytoplankton biomass. We propose that this observed phytoplankton distribution may be a response to the development of frontal vertical circulation cells. In the deep, turbulent environment of the AS, larger phytoplankton (>20 μm ESD) accounted for 80% of total chl a. The proportion of large phytoplankton increases as the depth of the upper mixed layer (ZUML), and the corresponding rate of vertical mixing, increases. We hypothesize that this change in phytoplankton composition with varying ZUML is related to the competition for light, and results from modification of the light regime caused by vertical mixing.