Karl XII:s do��d : en utredning /

Includes bibliographical references.

Phonological features of Yazghulami : A field study

Yazghulami is a South-East Iranian language spoken in the Pamir area of Tajikistan by about 9000 people. This study gives an account of the phonology of the language by describing contrastive segments and their distribution and realizations, as well as describing suprasegmental features such as syllable structure and stress patterns. Field research was carried out in a community of Yazghulami speakers in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, by recording, transcribing and annotating spoken language. Yazghulami is analyzed as having 8 vowel phonemes of which one pair contrasts in length, and 36 consonant phonemes with a considerable display of palatal, velar and uvular phonemes, of which a set of three labialized plosives and three labialized fricatives is found. The syllable structure of Yazghulami allows for clusters of no more than two consonants in the onset and two in the coda; clusters in both positions do not occur in one and the same syllable. The stress generally falls on the last syllable of a word, although when nouns are inflected with suffixes, the stress instead falls on the last syllable of the stem. With these results, a foundation for further efforts to develop and increase the status of this endangered language is laid.

Narrativ studie av sociala ber��ttelser : ��terber��ttning av perspektiv och mentala kausala samband f��r elev elever med autismspektrumtillst��nd och lindrig utvecklingsst��rning

Sammanfattning/Abstract Syftet med v��r studie var att unders��ka hur sociala ber��ttelser kan ��ka f��rdigheter och f��rm��gor av perspektivering och mentala kausala samband i ��terber��ttande av olika ber��ttelser f��r elever med autismspektrumtillst��nd (AST) och lindrig utvecklingsst��rning. Metoden vi anv��nde oss av var dels utifr��n aktionsforskning att utg�� fr��n v��r egen praktik och en single-case research-reversal design med tv�� baslinjer och tv�� interventionsfaser p�� fyra elever i ��k 2 & 3 med AST och lindrig utvecklingsst��rning p�� grundskolan och grunds��rskolan. �� Resultaten visade att interventionen med sociala ber��ttelser utifr��n bildst��dsprogrammet Trippelverkstaden hade st��rst effekt p�� tv�� elever i perspektivering. Interventionen med sociala ber��ttelser utifr��n symbol- och bildst��dsprogrammet Inprint hade st��rst effekt av perspektivering p�� tv�� av eleverna. Resultaten f��r mentala kausala samband gav st��rst effekt p�� tv�� av eleverna i ��terber��ttande av sociala ber��ttelser i interventionerna. �� Slutsatserna vi kom fram till var att de rekommendationer och metoder ifr��n sociala ber��ttelser med basmeningar, enkelt språk, korta ber��ttelser, bildst��d, anv��ndandet av f��tal karakt��rer i ber��ttelserna och relaterat till situationer/h��ndelser eleven k��nner igen har gett effekt p�� elevernas ��terber��ttningar av perspektiv och mentala kausala samband. Interventionerna med sociala ber��ttelser ger st��d f��r att anv��ndas som hj��lpmedel f��r elever med AST och lindrig utvecklingsst��rning i Theory of Mind (ToM), centrala koherens (CK) och exekutiva funktioner/arbetsminne (EF & AM) i att ��terber��ttningarna blir mer sammanh��llna och ��kad ��terber��ttning av perspektiv och mentala kausala samband. Vi h��vdar utifr��n unders��kningens resultat och utfall att sociala ber��ttelser kan utg��ra ett ��terkommande inslag i undervisningen f��r att tr��na kognitiva-, språkliga- och kommunikativa f��rdigheter och f��rm��gor av att g��ra olika perspektiveringar och mentala kausala samband i ��terber��ttningar av ber��ttelser. �� ��Nyckelord: sociala ber��ttelser, narration, AST, lindrig utvecklingsst��rning, single-case research design, aktionsforskning, perspektivering, mentala kausala samband, theory of mind, central koherens, exekutiva funktioner, arbetsminne.

Fr��n insp��rrning till insp��rrning : En textanalys av tv�� exempel p�� post-sovjetisk litauisk emigrantlitteratur

Studiet av post-sovjetisk litauisk emigrantlitteratur ��r ett forskningsomr��de som har vuxit fram f��rst de senaste ��ren. Forskningen har hittills fokuserats p�� hur litauiska emigranter bevarar eller inte bevarar sin litauiska identitet utanf��r hemlandet. Denna uppsats har en annan inriktning. Med utg��ngspunkt fr��n de kronotopmodeller som tagits fram av litteratur-vetaren Juris Roz��tis analyseras tv�� b��cker av litauiska f��rfattare som skriver om liv i Storbritannien respektive Irland med syfte att unders��ka hur det upplevda emigrantlivet framst��lls. Forskningsfr��gorna ��r: Hur avbildas emigrantlivet i post-sovjetisk litauisk emigrantlitteratur? Hur skiljer sig den avbildning fr��n den som framkommer i lettisk efterkrigslitteratur? Den nya ���Insp��rrad i det nya landet���-modellen visar sig vara mycket lik en av Roz��tis modeller, dock inte den som avbildar livet i det nya landet utan den modell som avbildar livet i flyktingl��gren. ���Insp��rrad i det nya landet���-modellen visar hur emigranterna lever i v��rld d��r det inte finns utrymme f��r det egna jaget eller intima f��rh��llanden. De lever i en gr�� zon. I det nya landet men inte riktigt en del av det nya landet. Den n��rmaste omgivningen utg��rs av andra som ��r marginaliserade i samh��llet: andra migranter, kriminella osv. Emigranterna ��r insp��rrade i denna gr��a zon. De st��ngs in av ett osynligt men ��nd�� p��tagligt st��ngsel mellan dem och det inhemska samh��llet. En v��sentlig skillnad mot Rozitis flyktingl��gersmodellen ��r dock att banden till hemlandet inte har skurits av utan utg��r en levande del av emigrantens liv.

Epistemic marking and multiple perspective : an introduction

This paper discusses forms of epistemic marking that instantiate multiple perspective constructions (see Evans 2005). Such forms express the speaker���s and the addressee���s simultaneous epistemic perspectives from the point of view of the speaker, crucially relying on the assumptions of the speaker with regard to the addressee���s knowledge. The analysis of forms considers established semanto-pragmatic concepts, such as semantic scope, mitigation strategies and communicative intention (as marked by sentence-type) in the exploration of forms. In addition, the notion of knowledge asymmetry is discussed alongside the concepts of epistemic status and stance as tools for a semantic analysis of investigated forms

Understandings of transnational families in debates on Migration and development

International migration sets in motion a range of significant transnational processes that connect countries and people. How migration interacts with development and how policies might promote and enhance such interactions have, since the turn of the millennium, gained attention on the international agenda. The recognition that transnational practices connect migrants and their families across sending and receiving societies forms part of this debate. The ways in which policy debate employs and understands transnational family ties nevertheless remain underexplored. This article sets out to discern the understandings of the family in two (often intermingled) debates concerned with transnational interactions: The largely state and policydriven discourse on the potential benefits of migration on economic development, and the largely academic transnational family literature focusing on issues of care and the micro-politics of gender and generation. Emphasizing the relation between diverse migration-development dynamics and specific family positions, we ask whether an analytical point of departure in respective transnational motherhood, fatherhood or childhood is linked to emphasizing certain outcomes. We conclude by sketching important strands of inclusions and exclusions of family matters in policy discourse and suggest ways to better integrate a transnational family perspective in global migration-development policy.

Band manager - Ett Content Management System f��r musikbranchakt��rer

Summit Music Management ��r ett managementf��retag som arbetar med en rad svenska artister. I deras arbetsuppgifter ing��r ��ven hantering av artisternas webbplatser, ett arbete som visat sig vara s��kerhetsk��nsligt och sv��rt att f�� klart. M��let med projektet har varit att utveckla ett Content Management System f��r akt��rer inom musikbranschen, vars syfte det ��r att f��renkla det dagliga arbetet av dessa webbplatser. Systemet ska inneh��lla funktionalitet som g��r det m��jligt att skapa webbplatser ��t artisterna samtidigt som det ska g�� att underh��lla och uppdatera textmaterial s��v��l som bilder som finns p�� webbplatserna. Systemet har skapats med tekniker, språk och ramverk som finns tillg��ngliga under fria licensavtal. Systemets grund ��r skapat med PHP-ramverket Laravel tillsammans med HTML, CSS och Twitter Bootstrap. Denna del fungerar som gr��nssnitt f��r administrat��rer d��r anv��ndaren kan logga in och skapa webbplatser. De webb-platser som skapas av systemet ��r skrivna i AngularJS tillsammans med HTML, CSS och Twitter Bootstrap. Mellan dessa delar finns ett REST-api skrivet i Laravel som sk��ter kommunikationen mellan komponenterna. Systemet arbetar mot en MySQL-databas d��r all data lagras och h��mtas ifr��n. Summit Music Management har f��rutom att leverera text- och bildmaterial, ��ven fungerat somtestpanel f��r att kunna m��ta systemets anv��ndbarhet. Testerna visade att systemet kan m��ta de behov som finns hos Summit Music Management men att det kan komma att beh��va vidareutvecklas f��r att b��ttre passa en st��rre kundgrupp och f��r att strama ��t s��kerhetsaspekterna ytterligare.

Monosyllabic Circumflexion in Lithuanian

This PhD thesis examines a phenomenon known as Monosyllabic Circumflexion (MC, hereafter) from a historical linguistics / phonological point of view. MC denotes a Lithuanian or Balto-Slavic phenomenon according to which long vowels and diphthongs in monosyllabic words exhibit a circumflex tone instead of the expected acute tone. ��It is observed in the following four categories: I. 3rd person future forms of monosyllabic stems (e.g., ����ks ��� ����kti `to jump;' vy��s ��� v��ti `to drive') II. reflexes of PIE root nouns (e.g., Latv. g��ovs `cow;' Lith. ��u����`dog') III. prepositions/adverbs (e.g., nu����`from' ~ ��n��otaka `bride;' v����l `again' ~ Latv. v��l `still, yet,' t���� (permissive particle) < *teh1) IV. pronominal forms (e.g., tu����~ ger��oju `the good (m.~sg.~instr.),' tie�� ~ t��eji `id. (pl.nom)'). The unexpected circumflex tone in these categories is problematic and important for the solution of a Balto-Slavic accentological question on the etymological background of acute and non-acute tones. The aim of this thesis is to partially contribute to the solution of this problem by establishing the existence of MC and its relative chronology. The first category, the 3rd person future forms, provides a substantial number of examples and counterexamples. The examination of them has revealed the fact that the counterexamples constitute a morpho-semantic group of verbs whose future stems underwent considerable morphological changes in the prehistory, hence not exhibiting MC. This shows that the regular tonal reflex of the 3rd person future forms of monosyllabic acute stem must be circumflex, allowing for the establishment of MC as a regular phonological process, although this category does not provide much information on the relative chronology of MC. The second category, the reflexes of Proto-Indo-European root nouns, gives an important clue as to where MC is located in the relative chronology of Balto-Slavic sound changes. Next, there is a discussion of whether the results of the examinations of the first two categories can be maintained for the data of the third and fourth categories, which show an irregular distribution of the acute and circumflex tones in monosyllabic forms. It is shown that various morphological factors, such as homonymic clashes within the paradigms for pronouns, can explain why some monosyllabic forms have acute tone. Also, the linguistic feature of West Auk��taitian dialects of Lithuanian that tend to preserve the results of MC is revealed. These dialects are known to have played an important role in the formation of standard Lithuanian. In this way, the monosyllabic forms with unexpected circumflex tone in Lithuanian are explained as a combination of MC in the Proto-Balto-Slavic time and the dialectal tendency of West Auk��taitian dialects of Lithuanian.

Faktorer som p��verkar omv��rdnaden av patienter fr��n olika kulturer inom palliativ v��rd ��� en litteratur��versikt

N��r befolkningen i Sverige blir allt ��ldre kommer det bland annat leda till ett ��kat sjukv��rdsbehov. I genomsnitt har m��nniskor f��dda i l��nder l��ngt fr��n Norden s��mre h��lsa ��n personer f��dda inom Norden, de kan ha en annan kultur och tolka kommunikationen inom v��rden annorlunda. Syfte: Att beskriva faktorer som p��verkar omv��rdnaden av patienter och anh��riga fr��n andra kulturer inom palliativ v��rd. Metod: En litteratur��versikt. Resultat: ��r baserat p�� nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Det fanns kulturella skillnader i synen p�� allvarlig sjukdom och d��d. Inom flera kulturer ��r det tabubelagt att tala om d��den och detta var sjuksk��terskorna inom v��sterl��ndsk kultur oerfarna vid, de var mer vana vid en rak och ��rlig kommunikation med patienterna. Sjuksk��terskorna hade kommunikationssv��righeter med patienter och n��rst��ende d�� de inte hade samma språk. Det var ��ven sv��rt och tidskr��vande att finna l��mpliga tolkar som kunde hantera k��nsliga ��mnen relaterat till palliativ v��rd. Konklusion: Sjuksk��terskor upplevde att m��ten med patienter och anh��riga fr��n andra kulturer ofta var sv��ra om de inte pratade samma språk. Trots detta upplevde sjuksk��terskorna arbetet som tillfredsst��llande. Det framkom att f��r lite tid och stress var ett av problemen samt att behovet av tolkar var stort.

A comparative study of approaches to audiovisual translation

For those who are not new to the world of Japanese animation, known mainly as anime, the debate of "dub vs. sub" is by no means anything out of the ordinary, but rather a very heated argument amongst fans. The study will focus on the differences in the US English version between the two approaches of translating audio-visual media, namely subtitling (official subtitles and fanmade subtitles) and dubbing, in a qualitative context. More precisely, which of the two approaches can store the most information from the same audiovisual segment, in order to satisfy the needs of the anime audience. In order to draw substantial conclusions, the analysis will be conducted on a corpus of 1 episode from the first season of the popular mid-nineties TV animated series, Sailor Moon. The main objective of this research is to analyze the three versions and compare the findings to what anime fans expect each of them to provide, in terms of how culture specific terms are handled, how accurate the translation is, localization, censorship, and omission. As for the fans��� opinions, the study will include a survey regarding the personal preference of fans when it comes to choosing between the official subtitled version, the fanmade subtitles and the dubbed version.

A comparative study of translation strategies applied in dealing with role languages. : A translation analysis of the video game Final Fantasy XIV

Localisation is the process of taking a product and adapting it to fit the culture in question. This usually involves making it both linguistically and culturally appropriate for the target audience. While there are many areas in video game translations where localisation holds a factor, this study will focus on localisation changes in the personalities of fictional characters between the original Japanese version and the English localised version of the video game Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn and its expansion Heavensward for PC, PS3 and PS4. With this in mind, specific examples are examined using Satoshi Kinsui's work on yakuwarigo, role language as the main framework for this study. Five non-playable characters were profiled and had each of their dialogues transcribed for a comparative analysis. This included the original Japanese text, the officially localised English text and a translation of the original Japanese text done by myself. Each character were also given a short summary and a reasoned speculation on why these localisation changes might have occurred. The result shows that there were instances where some translations had been deliberately adjusted to ensure that the content did not cause any problematic issues to players overseas. This could be reasoned out that some of the Japanese role languages displayed by characters in this game could potentially cause dispute among the western audience. In conclusion, the study shows that localisation can be a difficult process that not only requires a translator's knowledge of the source and target language, but also display some creativity in writing ability to ensure that players will have a comparable experience without causing a rift in the fanbase.

La cortes��a verbal : Un estudio contrastivo entre los saludos y peticiones en los idiomas sueco y espa��ol. F��rfattare: Daisy

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences and similarities regarding verbal politeness in greetings and requests in Swedish and the Chilean variety of Spanish. A survey with 12 questions, both open-ended and closed-ended, has been distributed to 20 native speakers of the two languages. Thus, the questions have been analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that the perception that the Swedes and the Chileans have about verbal politeness is similar, since the speakers of both languages see it as a way to show respect towards others. The study also shows that Swedes and Chileans share a similar view upon politeness, i.e. as a social norm that facilitates social interaction between people.

Wie l��sst sich das Interesse am Erlernen von Deutsch als Fremdsprache (wieder) steigern? : Warum lernt man als schwedischer Sch��ler neben der eigenen Muttersprache gerade Deutsch als zweite Fremdsprache? Was sind Anreize daf��r?

By the means of a questionnaire the present work examines the attitudes among pupils between the 5th and 9th grade towards choosing French, Spanish or German as their third language. The main question to be answered is "What needs to be improved to raise the interest in choosing specifically German as their preferred third language?". The other questions posed are for example "Do they want to study a language at all?", "Which language do they want to study and why?" or "What motivates them to keep studying generally?". The results show a high motivation and that the most pupils have already decided for a specific language at the middle of the 5th grade. Family and friends play a crucial role in choosing their language in combination with other factors such as the experiences of visiting countries or settings where the target language is used. To raise the popularity of German as the chosen language is not a short time project. More variation in teaching and real contact with German people, for instance language trips, needs to be done or improved. Nearly all of the pupils want to use modern techniques like chat or video conversations instead of just reading a text book.

Geschlechterrollen in Irmgard Keuns Romanen: Gilgi ��� eine von uns und Das kunstseidene M��dchen im Zeichen der Zeit.

The subject of this thesis is to examine gender roles in the novels Gilgi ��� eine von uns and Das kunstseidende M��dchen by Irmgard Keun. She was a successful female writer before the Nazi Party took control of Germany in 1933. The findings of this study indicate that Keun novels show a realistic picture of Germany���s men-dominated society in the early 1930s.