A presidência brasileira em perspectiva comparada II

Este relatório apresenta resultados semestrais de pesquisa sobre a administração da presidência brasileira. Uma perspectiva comparada baseada em estudos clássicos da presidência americana foi usada como referência para indagar sobre a história e a organização da presidência brasileira. O avanço central durante as pesquisas deste semestre foi o desenvolvimento de uma perspectiva conceitual e teórica que enfoca a presidência no contexto da crescente separação dos poderes na democracia brasileira. O relatório também apresenta resultados preliminares do estudo da história organizacional da presidência brasileira, a organização de um banco de dados sobre as medidas provisórias e o processo decisório, e considerações iniciais sobre governança e políticas públicas durante o governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso.

Mecanismos de recompra de ações e expropriação de acionistas minoritários - evidência do Brasil

Este artigo examina o impacto das recentes programas de recompra de ações sobre a expropriação de acionistas minoritários. Recentemente, houve 12 ofertas de recompra de ações cujo controle foi adquirido por investidores estratégicos estrangeiros ou por consórcios para comprar empresas privatizadas. Dois exemplos são: (i) a compra do controle da Lojas Renner, empresa de varejo da família Renner pela J. C. Penney; e (ii) Cargill comprando o controle da Solorrico, uma empresa de fertilizantes controlada por uma família. Paralelamente, a CVM emitiu a resolução #299 para evitar a expropriação de acionistas minoritários. Nós conjeturamos que pequenas e médias empresas com baixo crescimento, baixa alavancagem, e propriedade concentrada são candidatos mais prováveis para um "takeover" com maior probabilidade de expropriação. Isto explica parcialmente a falta de liquidez e o alto desconto na oferta pública de ações no mercado acionário brasileiro.

Um estudo sobre dependência no canal auto-serviço: uma perspectiva sob a ótica da teoria da vantagem em recursos

Esse estudo pretende identificar os operadores que caracterizam a dependência, as variáveis relacionadas a investimentos específicos para a condução da relação transacional e salvaguardas desses investimentos segundo a definição do auto-serviço e dos seus fornecedores no Brasil.

Teoria dos custos de transação: o impacto do tipo de investimentos sobre a seleção de canais de marketing

Esse trabalho pretende explorar a bibliografia disponível sobre a Teoria dos Custos de Transação e a partir desse levantamento elaborar um modelo de classificação dos perfis de investimento que determinam as estruturas de governança.

Avaliação de desempenho de cadeias de suprimento: um estudo exploratório em uma cadeia de carne de frango no Brasil

Dentro dos diversos setores e atividades econômicas, o agribusiness vem se desenvolvendo com grande força no mundo, impulsionado, sobretudo, pelo aumento da população e a crescente demanda por alimentos. A idéia e o estudo de cadeias já é há algum tempo difundido na literatura sobre Agribusiness, mas com origens, conotações, referenciais teóricos e metodologias específicas ao setor e diferentes das que vem marcando e definindo as pesquisas sobre Supply Chain Management (SCM). Enquanto os estudos sobre cadeias ou sistemas agroindustriais são marcados pela influência da economia e por preocupações com políticas públicas, estruturas de governança e competitividade da indústria e do setor, as pesquisas sobre SCM, como o próprio nome indica, possuem um cunho mais gerencial, seja este direcionado por uma preocupação maior com questões de eficiência e eficácia operacionais ou de atendimento às necessidades dos clientes. Entretanto, embora diferentes quanto à origem, um fundamento é comum ao SCM e aos estudos de sistemas e cadeias agro-industriais, a base sistêmica, ou seja, a visão sistêmica de todo o processo produtivo, desde a produção de insumos até a entrega do produto final ao consumidor. O propósito deste projeto é o de avançar nos estudos sobre cadeias, utilizando os conceitos e abordagens gerenciais desenvolvidos na literatura sobre SCM, mas tendo como unidade de análise uma cadeia agroindustriais, mais especificamente uma cadeia agroalimentar de carne de frango no Brasil. O enfoque principal serão as questões sobre avaliação e medição do desempenho de cadeias.

A modernização administrativa das instituições públicas federais: a administração estratégica como um enfoque gerencial para o IBGE

With the redefinition of the constitutional paper of the State, the federal Government developed through the Ministry of the Federal Administration and of the Reform of the State a ¿Director Plan of the Reform of the State Apparatus¿. Having as main objective the retaking of the capacity of management of the State, this Managing Plan proposes the introduction of the methodologies of modernization of the public administration and the revision in the ways of property of the State. As a complement to this Plan the Program of Quality and Participation in the Public Administration ¿ QPAP ¿ was developed. This Program proposes the accomplishment of some strategic projects. Among those projects it stands out the one of Restructuring and Quality in the Federal Executive Power, which defines as one of the work stages, the dissemination of the strategic planning in all the entities of the public administration. The strategic planning is considered nowadays only one of the stages of the strategic administration and it is fundamental that all elements of sistematization and analysis in all the phases of the administration of an organization are knomn. This dissertation tries to show that the dissemination of the strategic planning in the public institutions, especially in the IBGE, it is opportune and coherent, but that it will also be necessary to do an analysis of all the limitations and challenges that the leaders will face so that the strategic restructuring is implemented with the effective participation and all the employees commitment.

Visões das gerências da auditoriainterna da Petrobras sobre a sua estratégia de atuação em facedas práticas de mercado e da nova modelagem organizacional da companhia

The purpose of this study is to identify the strategic vision of the Internal Audit Department of Petrel Brasileiro S.A. PETROBRAS, in comparison with the audit function's proposals and practices in competitive organizations and their reality. It also aims at the verification of the possible solutions, within Petrobras itself, so as to constantly add value to the business and to the shareholders. With this in mind, a research was carried out, contemplating the conceptual proposals and market practices related to auditing and to the current diagnosis and the organizational model of Petrobras, so as to choose elements for comparison and analysis of such vision. The results of this research pointed in the direction of questioning the organizational value of the internal audit action, concluding that it will only be possible to continuously attain such value by means of a permanent coordination with the organization's strategic level. This is especially true if the audit action participates effectively in the process of Corporate Governance, in defining the risks, the internal control system and the measurement of corporate performance, as related to the development of the strategic plan. However, any action along these lines is still heavily impacted and limited by several aspects of culture and relationship of the organizational power as well as by the beliefs of the organization and of the body of auditors. The involvement of the auditors as employees was also considered relevant in the auditing process, by means of the participation of the audited entities in self assessment2. This procedure is still not sufficiently guaranteed by successful experiments in major organizations, considering that there is not a clear demonstration of the effective benefits of adopting this practice, as ompared to the central control, seldom shared but strongly monitored by integrated information systems. Finally, this research points to the need to renew the concept of the formation and role of the auditors in modern competitive organizations, in the face of information technology and of automation of the instrument controls of the business. Therefore, one may conclude that the trend will be toward an action aiming at the revision of formal internal control matrixes, as they are established in such systems. On the other hand, the majority of audit human resources will be increasingly deployed to the evaluation of risk and control, as related to relevant events of a more abstract nature, as in the case of those connected with the uncontrollable factors of the external environment.

Avaliação do estágio de desenvolvimento da responsabilidade social no Banco Central do Brasil

This study examines the corporate social responsibility (CSR) theme in Central Bank of Brazil (Bacen). The CSR movement is growing worldwide and it is related to values such as sustainability, ethics and transparency to the stakeholders. The study was performed in two parts. The first part consists of a bibliography research on the origins, the concept and the practice relating to CSR in the contemporary organizational environment. In the second part - field research - the Central Bank's Board of Directors and representatives of Ibase and Ethos Institute were interviewed and the content analysis method - a qualitative research method - was used in the interpretation of information obtained. The analysis of the interviews shows that the Board is receptive to the CSR development and that they consider the accomplishment of Central Bank's institutional mission fundamental in this process. The participation of the Bank's personnel and the incorporation of the CSR principles into the day-to-day practice are also considered necessary. Finally, one hundred indicators - based on the Ethos CSR Indicators - are proposed to evaluate the stage of development of social responsibility in Bacen on the following subjects: Values, Transparency and Governance; Internal Public; Natural Environment, Suppliers and Society. In summary, this study aims to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge of corporate social responsibility and the best practices in the public sector, particularly in Central Bank of Brazil.

Instrumentos de apoio financeiro específicos a empresas localizadas em arranjos produtivos locais: um estudo de caso do APL de Nova Friburgo

In the last decade, the debate concerning more adequate means of promoting social and economic development, through policies of firm supporting, has been gaining strength. Among several means of support, there is one that addresses issues related to credit and funding. At the same time, interest on the phenomenon of firm agglomeration, known by clustering, is increasing, as well as one of its advantages - facilitating the development and strengthening of its firms. Additionally, there can be spotted advantages on clustering that allow tailoring financial instruments, specifically to firms in it, based on collective solutions, with better conditions. This dissertation focuses on how the capture of these opportunities is being done, in the presence of specific financial products to Brazilian clusters. The present analysis is conducted from the cluster located in Nova Friburgo and Region, specialized in women underwear. This study sought to capture advantages from three main collective solutions: information systems, guarantees systems, alternative funding. These solutions address to the following issues: information asymmetries, absence of guarantees from the credit taker, limited sources of funding. Semi-structured interviews were made with members of the cluster, when it was possible to identify that the capture of advantages is in its early stages, being limited by other issues, such as: adequate degree of human capital, governance framework and process inefficiencies.

Alinhamento estratégico de TI: avaliando as percepções de executivos de negócio e TI

The Information Technology (IT) is a concept which has gained importance for organizations. It is expected that the strategic use of IT not only sustain the business operations of enterprises, but mainly leverage the initiative of new competitive strategies. However, these expectations on the earnings with the IT not have been achieved and questions arise about the return of the investments in IT. One of the causes is credited to the lack of alignment between the strategies of business and IT. The search of strategic alignment between IT and business takes to the necessity of measure it. This assessment can help identify whether the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, about the strategic alignment of IT, are similar or different. The objective of this work is to investigate the perceptions of business executives and IT executives in relation to the IT strategic alignment implemented in a selected organization. It was conducted a case study, in a company that provides services to the financial market. As a result, this work identified that there is no statistically significant difference between the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, related to the level of IT strategic alignment maturity implemented in the organization, and highlighted factors that promote this alignment: (a) senior management supports the IT (b) IT takes part of strategic planning, (c) IT understands the business of the company, and (d) there is a partnership between business and IT executives. Additionally, it was proposed that these similar perceptions result from the sharing of assumptions, knowledge and common expectations for the IT strategic alignment between the two groups of executives interviewed, and that led the company to achieve a higher level of IT strategic alignment. Each Practice of Strategic Alignment was examined separately. Although not have statistically significant differences between the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, the practices of Communication, Measures of Value and Competence, and Skills were better assessed by business executives and the practices of Governance and Partnerships have been better perceived by IT executives. The practice of Scope and Architecture and the IT Strategic Alignment, showed no differences in perceptions between the two groups of executives.

A complexidade da gestão em processos de internacionalização: como a cultura Nacional impacta o processo decisório de gestores brasileiros expatriados - o caso de uma empresa estatal do setor de energia

In a world where the companies are trying to compete on a global scale, the positioning strategies direct them to go beyond the geographical boundaries of their base countries, seeking for other markets, as a way to keep globally competitive. These conditions make crucial the roles performed by their managers, exposed to different contexts, mainly economical, political, social and cultural and to face the task to manage enterprises like a challenge, probably bigger than the one found on their base countries. This speech tries to examine how much expatriated Brazilian managers feel the influence of local cultural factors in their decisional processes, taking into consideration that they are embedded in their cultural home countries, and they can suffer an impact by the culture of other countries. With this research it is intended to gather empirical material that will supply clues and allow to advance on studies that will make a relationship between decisional process and local culture, through a case study in a Brazilian state-owned energy company and its subsidiaries in South American countries, hoping that the mentioned studies will somehow contribute to a better understanding of the problems that have been stressed in the last decades. Also considering that the vast majority of the theoretical and empirical material about this matter has its own source on the western developed countries and are, in this way, culture-bounded, we hope to increase the production of studies and researches applied to the Latin American reality, mainly the Brazilian one.

Uma abordagem teórica de empresas familiares: desafios e oportunidades

This paper aims at boosting a theoretical discussion on family operated companies in the Brazilian milieu. The methodology applied was based on bibliographical and qualitative research. The basic question raised by this study can be summarized as follows: Which factors should be taken into consideration, on the family business management, under a theoretical perspective? The answer to this question led the research to a better understanding of (i) the family corporate governance; (ii) the personal characteristics of the family business manager and his/her management style; (iii) the company's teamwork; (iv) role overlaping; (v) strategic direction and management assessment; (vi) the company's administrative divisions; (vii) and above all the crucial importance of the corporate governance for family businesses. The main results confirm the relevance of corporate governance in the country's big family businesses, and also point to manager's profile, teamwork, role overlaping (relatives & employees) and its conflicts, management departments, family's control and its strategic direction as ingredients of utmost importance.

Comportamento dos processos intra-organizacionais de aprendizagem tecnológica frente a uma mudança de estrutura de propriedade: o caso da TermoMacaé - PETROBRÁS

This academic work describes the interfirm technological learning processes behavior at a thermo plant throughout the years 2001 till 2007. Its former ownership structure was composed by two foreigners companies. This structure was changed by the acquisition of the company control by a Brazilian state owned company on April 2006. The company is a Natural Gas Fired Power Plant placed at Macaé City, at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil generating electric power right to National Integrated System (SIN). The goal of this research is verify how the technological knowledge had been acquired by the firm and how it had been spread out throughout the organization before and after the change of the ownership structure. The taxonomy applied to determining of ownership structure take in account three parameters: type, specific characteristic and the ownership structure itself. Technological Learning Interfirm Processes have been examined from a model of systemic approach that establishes four key characteristics: ¿variety, intensity, functioning and interaction¿. During 2001 until 2006, till the change of owner structure, the firm developed its own learning processes in its own operational routines. The main learning processes have been identified from empirical evidences. It has been adopted the cut line at year of 2006 for the comparison among the technological learning processes behavior, when the change of ownership structure took place. The data capture occurred within April and August 2007 covering since 2001. Verified the behavior of these learning processes before and after the ownership structure changed from private property to state owned property. The conclusion of this case study suggests that interfirm processes of technological learning identified by the research had their dynamical behavior promptly affected by a change from private to ownerstate ownership structure, exposing the company to a poor performance in its industry, due to the lack of 51% of the technological intrafirm learning processes and reduction of the acquisition of new technical knowledge and its conversion throughout the organization.

O impacto das práticas ITIL na flexibilidade organizacional - evidências empíricas em uma empresa multinacional de TI

The present work has as main objective the identification and impact analysis for the practice ITIL in the organizational flexibility of a multinational IT company, being this study of quali-quantitative and exploratory nature. To achieve this objective, some theoretical studies on bureaucracy, organization flexibility, control, IT governance and ITIL were done, as a form to better understand the research problem. For analysis effect a set of eleven ITIL process was considered in this research ¿ service desk, incident management, problem management, change management, configuration management, release management, service level management, availability management, capacity management, continuity management and finally IT financial services management ¿ grouped in its two core areas ¿ service support and service delivery. Then a scale was constructed and validated, on the basis of theoretical models developed by Volberda (1997), Tenório (2002) and Golden and Powell (1999), to measure the flexibility related to each process comprising the ITIL core. The dimensions adopted to measure flexibility were: organization design task, managerial task, IT impact on work force, HR management, efficiency impact, sensitivity, versatility and robustness. The instrument used in research was a semi-structured interview, which was divided in two parts. The data collection was performed with ten interviewed people from an IT multinational company, based on convenience, some were managers and there were users, some were ITIL certified and others not. The statistic tests of t student and Wilcoxon non-parametric were adopted. The result of the research indicated that the ITIL service support area, for possessing greater operational focus, presents flexibility trend. The opposite was found for the service delivery area, which has greater tactical focus. The results also suggest that the change management discipline was the one that contributed for the most flexibility inside the company, followed by incident management discipline and the service desk function.

A dinâmica da lentidão: organizações públicas como inibidoras do desenvolvimento

O objetivo da tese é o de analisar a relação entre a dinâmica social das organizações integrantes da gestão pública e a promoção do desenvolvimento por projetos financiados por Bancos Multilaterais. Para buscar comprová-lo, realizou-se pesquisa cujo enfoque foi no PROAP-II, programa de desenvolvimento urbano financiado pelo BID. A pesquisa utilizou-se de diversos meios, como entrevistas, consulta a documentos e observação. Partindo-se da premissa de que o Estado tem papel fundamental na promoção do desenvolvimento, vê-se que grupos de interesse, dispondo de poder e via os processos democráticos, conseguem capturar o estado – principalmente porque a baixa cultura cívica no Brasil propicia tal oportunidade. Neste panorama ocorre a dinâmica social das organizações públicas, objeto da pesquisa. Os principais resultados encontrados foram a constatação do patrimonialismo, do personalismo e do formalismo na forma de se gerenciar o Programa, resultando numa atuação focada no curto prazo, caracterizada por disputas de poder, tentativa de apresentação da atuação como legítima, criação de domínio exclusivo – a feudalização organizacional, gerando fragmentação de recursos e atuação e um quadro de baixa cooperação interna. Estes elementos, por fim, tiveram impacto no desempenho do Programa pesquisado, quer seja pelas perdas de eficiência, ou resultados aquém dos possíveis, ou ainda pelo fato da atuação não ser tão pertinente quanto divulgada. Na medida, portanto, em que o desempenho do Programa é pior que o possível, sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento é menor que a potencial, o que gera a lentidão do processo de desenvolvimento, realimentando o ciclo, gerando transformações mais lentas do que as necessárias (e desejáveis). Pode-se concluir, enfim, que a maneira peculiar de funcionamento das organizações públicas, esta advinda da captura do estado e denominada dinâmica social, gera impactos negativos nos três elementos que caracterizam o desempenho de um projeto de desenvolvimento, cuja solução, supõe-se, encontra-se no incremento à governança social, haja vista a estrutura de incentivos presentes na sociedade que servem como habilitadoras do quadro encontrado.