Correspondências científicas como uma relação didática entre história e ensino de matemática: o exemplo das cartas de Euler a uma princesa da Alemanha

Lettres àune Princesse d'Allemagne sur divers sujets de physique et de philosophie (Letters to a Princess of Germany on various topics of physics and philosophy) is the work taken as an object of study of this thesis. It is a literary success written in the eighteenth century by the Swiss mathematician and physicist Leonhard Paul Euler (1707-1783) in order to meet a request from the Prussian king, Frederick II, the Great (1712-1786) to accept to guide the intellectual education of his niece, the young princess Anhalt-Dessau (1745-1808). The method of teaching and learning through letters elected to the education of the German monarch resulted in a collection of 234 matches in which Euler theory is about music, Philosophy, Mechanics, Optics, Astronomy, Theology and Ethics among others. The research seeks to point out mathematical content contained in this reference work based on the exploitation and adaptation of original historical works as an articulator of development activities for teaching mathematics in basic education and in accordance with the National Curriculum Parameters of Mathematics (NCP) work. The general objective point out the limits and didactic potential of Lettres à une Princesse d'Allemagne sur divers sujets de physique et de philosophie as a source of support for teachers of basic education in developing activities for teaching mathematics. The discussions raised point to concrete possibilities of entanglement between the extracted mathematical content of the bulge of the work with current teaching methodologies from resizing the use of letters according to Freire's pedagogical perspective of the correspondence, and especially the use of new communication channels in the century XXI, both aimed at dialogue and approximation between those who write and those who read.

"Quem sou eu?": uma (re)construção do sujeito por meio da narrativa autobiográfica - proposta didática com um olhar nas interações em sala de aula

As we are aware, the classroom is emerging as a continuous build learning experiences and environment, however, for students also it functions as a place also to be due to socializing with friends. However, not always these elements complement each other, so as harmoniously as we are aware that there are many difficulties, both in the act of learning as in interpersonal relations between them. From this, we understand that it is for the school to seek ways to contemplate such issues so that they feel inserted both with regard to this learning as well as being able to interact with themselves and with others, in a participatory manner, to live well socially. Thus, we find ourselves facing a similar situation with a 9th grade class where the students had certain limitations to have a good relationship with one another, causing thus problems in learning. On the other hand, this difficulty as affectively interact with each other, also, was increased by the difficulty that some students had to speak for themselves and to show their feelings and emotions, getting even more difficult this interaction at school. Thus, we found ourselves obliged to act immediately and need to bring about change in this picture. So it came out the idea of the application of an intervening action which started taking shapefrom a pedagogical project that we developed in other classes in previous years, this time adapted to the situation experienced by the group. The project, framed in the qualitative research and characterized from the action research approach took shape, and elected as its main objective to seek possible alternatives to develop the communicative competence of students, which is why we invest in exercise oral communication (speaking and listening) in order to promote the use of language, the interpersonal involvement facilitating thus their participation both in the classroom and in social life. To fulfill this goal, we set out to develop a didactic book whose support materialized through the autobiographical narrative (molded in writing production) and worked along a structured instructional sequence in three distinctstages that dialogued with each other. Therefore, we base our study from the socio-historical conception and dialogue proposed by Bakhtin in line with the sociodiscursivo interactionism of Bronckart and resort to other scholars as Dolz and Schneuwly, Marcuschi among others. The development of all stages of the project not only has had an immediate effect on what we proposed ourselves as also yielded us very gratifying moments reinforcing to us that the classroom environment goes far beyond the fact ministering content. And that work with orality, with views on affective interaction of these students resulted in a project, so to speak, exciting.

Proposta de jogo químico como estratégia didática no ensino a distância abordando o conteúdo de estereoquímica

The educational games can act as a complementary tool in the teaching and learning as play an important role in the interaction of the student with knowledge, and encourage interrelationship between students and motivate them by the pursuit of knowledge. This research is intended to analyze the evidence of the students of distance education applied to semesters 2011.2 and 2012.2 for the purpose of to catalog the mistakes presented by the students, the contents of stereochemistry that attended the Chemistry of Life discipline. From the presented mistekes, develop an educational game, "walking the stereochemistry", addressing that content. The choice of stereochemistry content was due to the low number of found work in the literature, and for being one of organic chemistry content that generates learning difficulties, as it requires a mental visualization and manipulation of molecular structures, besides require observation and comparison ability by the students. The game was applied of Life Chemistry discipline of Nova Cruz Polo in semester 2013.2, with intention to verify the viability and applicability this tool for the development of motivation ability by the pursuit of knowledge by the students, as well as complement the didactical materials of the DE. Then, It was made available on the course page an opinion questionnaire to the participants of the game, as a way of to investigate the opinion their about the proposed strategy. To diagnose the contributions of the game on student learning, it was taken a comparative analysis of stereochemistry issues contained in didactic tests applied in 2013.2 semester students participating and not participating of the polo of Nova Cruz and was also compared with the tests applied at the poles of Extremoz, Currais Novos, Lajes and Caico. So the game can be considered an important resource to complement the teaching materials of distance education, because awoke the motivation for the search of knowledge and contributes to the learning of stereochemistry content.

O Ensino de ligações químicas por meio do conceito de energia: uma proposta didática para o ensino médio

This work presents discussions on the teaching of Chemical Bonds in high school and some implications of this approach in learning chemistry by students. In general, understanding how the chemicals combine to form substances and compounds, it is a key point for understanding the properties of substances and their structure. In this sense, the chemical bonds represent an extremely important issue, and their knowledge is essential for a better understanding of the changes occurring in our world. Despite these findings, it is observed that the way in which this concept is discussed in chemistry class has contributed, paradoxically, to the emergence of several alternative designs, making the understanding of the subject by students. It is believed that one of the explanations for these observations is the exclusive use of the "octet rule" as an explanatory model for the Chemical Bonds. The use of such a model over time eventually replace chemical principles that gave rise to it, transforming knowledge into a series of uninteresting rituals and even confusing for students. Based on these findings, it is deemed necessary a reformulation in the way to approach this content in the classroom, taking into account especially the fact that the explanations of the formation of substances should be based on the energy concept, which is fundamental to understanding how atoms combine. Thus, the main question of the survey and described here of the following question: Can the development of an explanatory model for the Chemical Bonds in high school based on the concept of energy and without the need to use the "octet rule"? Based on the concepts and methodologies of modeling activity, we sought the development of a teaching model was made through Teaching Units designed to give subsidies to high school teachers to address the chemical bonds through the concept of energy. Through this work it is intended to make the process of teaching and learning of Chemical Bonds content becomes more meaningful to students, developing models that contribute to the learning of this and hence other basic fundamentals of chemistry.

O Ensino de ligações químicas por meio do conceito de energia: uma proposta didática para o ensino médio

This work presents discussions on the teaching of Chemical Bonds in high school and some implications of this approach in learning chemistry by students. In general, understanding how the chemicals combine to form substances and compounds, it is a key point for understanding the properties of substances and their structure. In this sense, the chemical bonds represent an extremely important issue, and their knowledge is essential for a better understanding of the changes occurring in our world. Despite these findings, it is observed that the way in which this concept is discussed in chemistry class has contributed, paradoxically, to the emergence of several alternative designs, making the understanding of the subject by students. It is believed that one of the explanations for these observations is the exclusive use of the "octet rule" as an explanatory model for the Chemical Bonds. The use of such a model over time eventually replace chemical principles that gave rise to it, transforming knowledge into a series of uninteresting rituals and even confusing for students. Based on these findings, it is deemed necessary a reformulation in the way to approach this content in the classroom, taking into account especially the fact that the explanations of the formation of substances should be based on the energy concept, which is fundamental to understanding how atoms combine. Thus, the main question of the survey and described here of the following question: Can the development of an explanatory model for the Chemical Bonds in high school based on the concept of energy and without the need to use the "octet rule"? Based on the concepts and methodologies of modeling activity, we sought the development of a teaching model was made through Teaching Units designed to give subsidies to high school teachers to address the chemical bonds through the concept of energy. Through this work it is intended to make the process of teaching and learning of Chemical Bonds content becomes more meaningful to students, developing models that contribute to the learning of this and hence other basic fundamentals of chemistry.

Sequência didática com temas motivadores no ensino de física

This study is based on the design and development of a Didactic sequence in Physics for the first year of high school in a public school, involving structured activities on Astronomy topics, Astronautics and Aeronautics. In addition, it produced a didactic-pedagogic Tutorial for teachers to develop teaching-learning processes in Physics through activities with handmade rockets. These activities have been based on teaching moments of questioning, systematization and contextualization. In this context the understanding and the deepening of concepts and scientific and physical phenomena are related to everyday knowledge, in accordance with the historical-cultural theory, with the Three Pedagogic Moments, dialogicity and Information and Communication Technologies as instruments of triggering actions and motivation, like movies and applications in teaching Astronomy, Physics and Mathematics. The research activities were conduced by adopting a qualitative approach and included reports, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and other notes. The development of the Didactic Sequence enabled a differentiated teaching and learning process, including aspects such as conceptualization, contextualization, flexibility, interdisciplinary and theoreticalexperimental relationship.

Transposição didática da interação do laser com sistmas biológicos no ensino médio: uma proposta de guia didático para professores

In this dissertation was elaborated an interdisciplinary didactic sequence for the development of Physical concepts involved in the interaction of laser radiation with biological matter in order to make a relation between Physics and other fields of knowledge aiming to enlarge the contextualization of scientific knowledge. The objective was to develop an educational product which theme is “Laser’s Interaction with Biological Tissues”. In this work, basic physical concepts related to laser radiation were presented, its interaction with matter and applicability in the student's daily life, with emphasis on Public Health. The inclusion of the subject in schools was effected through didactic transposition as theoretical foundation and the three pedagogical moments as teaching support. The development of the project involved discussions of scientific knowledge applied in society’s daily life. In the product's design the didactic sequence was projected and the use of varied teaching resources has been proposed, such as videos, texts, experiments, simulators and de Software “Tracker”. The construction of paradidactic material was performed considering different stages of equal importance for a teacher's reflection process. The work prioritizes the alternative conceptions of student, transforming him in a direct agent of the construction of knowledge and this aspect is based on the profile of the Student's Material. Another important point is the evaluation's proposal, this was systematized to be done class after class through building texts, essay questions, presentation of papers, among others activities. The didactic sequence guides the introduction of relevant topics of the students and society’s daily life, the ideas are not closed and in many times the teacher make changes which deem relevant to the teaching for better development of their practice.

A educação física nos anos iniciais : Caracterizando uma proposta didática\curricular

Objetivo desse estudo consiste em caracterizar a proposta curricular da Educaçao Física para os anos iniciais com base nas orientaçoes curriculares da rede municipal de Santa Maria (Brasil\RS). Pensar em uma proposta curricular para a Educaçao Física nos anos iniciais é essencial para auxiliar na organizaçao do trabalho pedagógico e na didática. A metodologia utilizada para esse estudo foi uma análise documental das ?Orientaçoes Curriculares para o Ensino Fundamental? da rede municipal de ensino de Santa Maria. Sintetizamos a proposta curricular do município em 3 blocos de conteúdos, que resume de forma clara e concisa os conteúdos trabalhados na Educaçao Física. Nessa proposta curricular, sentimos falta de uma concepçao de Educaçao Física para os anos iniciais, ou seja, nao especifica a abordagem didática em que a Educaçao Física nessa faixa etária vem sendo utilizada pelos professores. Espera-se que o referido documento tenha repercussao e desdobramentos futuros, sendo debatido, aperfeiçoado entre os professores da rede, surgindo novas sistematizaçoes a respeito da Educaçao Física, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, com um aporte teórico identificado e justificado, com objetivos mais consistentes, articulados com o processo de avaliaçao, com os conteúdos melhor elaborados e caracterizando a metodologia empregada

A educação física nos anos iniciais : Caracterizando uma proposta didática\curricular

Objetivo desse estudo consiste em caracterizar a proposta curricular da Educaçao Física para os anos iniciais com base nas orientaçoes curriculares da rede municipal de Santa Maria (Brasil\RS). Pensar em uma proposta curricular para a Educaçao Física nos anos iniciais é essencial para auxiliar na organizaçao do trabalho pedagógico e na didática. A metodologia utilizada para esse estudo foi uma análise documental das ?Orientaçoes Curriculares para o Ensino Fundamental? da rede municipal de ensino de Santa Maria. Sintetizamos a proposta curricular do município em 3 blocos de conteúdos, que resume de forma clara e concisa os conteúdos trabalhados na Educaçao Física. Nessa proposta curricular, sentimos falta de uma concepçao de Educaçao Física para os anos iniciais, ou seja, nao especifica a abordagem didática em que a Educaçao Física nessa faixa etária vem sendo utilizada pelos professores. Espera-se que o referido documento tenha repercussao e desdobramentos futuros, sendo debatido, aperfeiçoado entre os professores da rede, surgindo novas sistematizaçoes a respeito da Educaçao Física, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, com um aporte teórico identificado e justificado, com objetivos mais consistentes, articulados com o processo de avaliaçao, com os conteúdos melhor elaborados e caracterizando a metodologia empregada

A educação física nos anos iniciais : Caracterizando uma proposta didática\curricular

Objetivo desse estudo consiste em caracterizar a proposta curricular da Educaçao Física para os anos iniciais com base nas orientaçoes curriculares da rede municipal de Santa Maria (Brasil\RS). Pensar em uma proposta curricular para a Educaçao Física nos anos iniciais é essencial para auxiliar na organizaçao do trabalho pedagógico e na didática. A metodologia utilizada para esse estudo foi uma análise documental das ?Orientaçoes Curriculares para o Ensino Fundamental? da rede municipal de ensino de Santa Maria. Sintetizamos a proposta curricular do município em 3 blocos de conteúdos, que resume de forma clara e concisa os conteúdos trabalhados na Educaçao Física. Nessa proposta curricular, sentimos falta de uma concepçao de Educaçao Física para os anos iniciais, ou seja, nao especifica a abordagem didática em que a Educaçao Física nessa faixa etária vem sendo utilizada pelos professores. Espera-se que o referido documento tenha repercussao e desdobramentos futuros, sendo debatido, aperfeiçoado entre os professores da rede, surgindo novas sistematizaçoes a respeito da Educaçao Física, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, com um aporte teórico identificado e justificado, com objetivos mais consistentes, articulados com o processo de avaliaçao, com os conteúdos melhor elaborados e caracterizando a metodologia empregada

Atração e retenção de talentos em empresas de engenharia consultiva no setor de petróleo e gás natural da cidade de Natal

This study addresses the question of attraction and retention of talent in companies that produce engineering projects in the area of oil and natural gas in the city of Natal. The objectives were to identify the mechanisms that these companies use to attract and retain talented professionals and what the relationship between these practices and performance of these organizations in the market. This is a case study of a qualitative nature which were included in the fullness of companies that work in that class in the capital Potiguar. Have been applied to the managers of these companies structured questionnaires with eleven issues orientativas based on theoretical reference adopted. The research finds that managers understand the word "talent", recognize the importance of the appreciation of its employees and the development of their innate abilities to better organizational performance, much due to the fact they are acting in a market of fierce competition. His companies - though not submit the formal procedures related to the subject in question - have mechanisms that can be characterized as the attraction and retention of talent. The relationships identified in this study are consistent with the results found in other studies and put the information here can serve as the basis for that other managers, including other areas, to reach excellence in their respective industries

CIDADANIA E TECNOLOGIA: Promovendo a interação política Belo Horizontina a partir dos estudos da Engenharia Semiótica e o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo para smartphones

Apesar do regime político brasileiro permitir a real participação da população na formação da vontade pública, historicamente constatamos um desinteresse da população para com os assuntos políticos. Esse desinteresse para com a política no Brasil transcende diferenças sociais e raciais uma vez que, mesmo os considerados mais politizados raramente se interessam por algum tipo de participação política. No entanto, vemos no ano de 2013 uma quebra desse desinteresse político. Nesse ano, uma série de manifestações, que se seguem até os dias atuais, foram mobilizadas através da atuação de cidadãos por meio das Redes Sociais. Com a recente mobilização da população para com os assuntos políticos, acredita-se que as mesmas abrem uma possibilidade de trazer os assuntos políticos para o dia a dia do cidadão e, para isso, busca-se na disciplina da Semiótica e na Engenharia Semiótica maneiras de informar e interagir com a sociedade sobre temas de cunho político. Para atingir esse objetivo, o presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um conceito de aplicativo que utilize as informações veiculadas no site da Câmara dos Vereadores de Belo Horizonte. No conceito de aplicativo desenvolvido, os cidadãos poderão opinar sobre as notícias veiculadas no site, ter acesso às informações dos vereadores atualmente eleitos, aprovar ou rejeitar projetos de lei em tramitação e comentar essas informações. Para validar o conceito de aplicativo desenvolvido, será aplicado um questionário estruturado que se baseia no System Usability Scale afim de avaliar a usabilidade do conceito proposto esperando que esse, de fato, facilite a interlocução da sociedade sobre temas públicos.

AMBIENTE DE PROGRAMAÇÃO SCRATCH VOLTADA PARA CRIANÇAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA ENGENHARIA SEMIÓTICA

Neste atual cenário mundial, em que as mudanças acontecem em uma velocidade espantosa, novos desafios, novas tecnologias e novos atores aparecem e participam ativamente dessas mudanças. Esta pesquisa apresenta exatamente um desses novos atores, as crianças, as quais interagem cada vez mais cedo com essa diversidade tecnológica. A participação das crianças nesse cenário passa a ser mais ativa quando as mesmas começam a aprender linguagem de programação através de ambientes computacionais. Esses ambientes são avaliados através de sua metacomunicação com aplicação de métodos da Engenharia Semiótica. Assim, a pesquisa tenta compreender e avaliar o processo de metacomunicação usuário-sistema e a contribuição do mesmo no processo de aprendizagem infantil. Com o objetivo de verificarmos essas ocorrências de rupturas entre o ambiente de programação Scratch e seu público-alvo específico, aplicamos a metodologia denominada MAC – Método de Avaliação da Comunicabilidade –, uma técnica conhecida pela Engenharia Semiótica desde 1999. Diversos resultados foram percebidos, porém um merece destaque especial, em que percebemos que as mensagens foram, em sua maioria, identificadas e interpretadas pelos usuários finais. Por outro lado, ocorreram rupturas de comunicação em todos os voluntários, mesmo para aqueles que concluíram todas as tarefas.