905 resultados para diversidade fungíca
Resumo:
Amphibian populations worldwide have been suffering declines generated by habitat degradation, loss, fragmentation and habitat split. With habitat loss and fragmentation in the landscape comes habitat split, which is the separation between the adult anuran habitat and breeding sites, forcing individuals to move through matrix during breeding seasons. Thus, habitat split increases the chance of extinction of amphibians with aquatic larval development and acts as a filter in the selection of species having great influence on species richness and community structure. The use of functional diversity allows us to consider the identity and characteristics of each species to understand the effects of fragmentation processes. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of habitat split, as well as habitat loss in the landscape, on amphibians functional diversity (FD) and species richness (S). We selected 26 landscapes from a database with anuran surveys of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. For each landscape we calculated DF, S and landscape metrics at multiple scales. To calculate the DF we considered traits that influenced species use and persistence in the landscape. We refined maps of forest remnants and water bodies for metrics calculation. To relate DF and S (response variables) to landscape variables (explanatory variables), we used a model selection approach, fitting generalized linear models (GLMS) and making your selection with AICc. We compared the effect of model absence and models with habitat split, habitat amount and habitat connectivity effects, as well as their interaction. The most plausible models for S were the sum and interaction between habitat split in 7.5 km scale. For anurans with terrestrial development, habitat amount was the only plausible explanatory variable, in the 5 km scale. For anurans with aquatic larvae habitat amount in larger scales and the addition of habitat amount and habitat split were plausible...
Resumo:
Cerca de 90% das plantas com flores e 35% das culturas agrícolas são dependentes de animais para polinização, e as abelhas são os principais agentes polinizadores de uma ampla variedade de espécies de plantas de ambientes naturais e agrícolas. Assim, as abelhas não só são imprescindíveis para a manutenção e conservação de comunidades de plantas em sistemas naturais, como também na atuação direta e significativa na produtividade agrícola. Atualmente, as populações de abelhas estão em declínio no mundo todo, em decorrência, principalmente, do crescente desmatamento e consequente perda de habitas adequados, além de outras ações antrópicas que modificam os seus nichos. Tendo em vista que muitos estudos, realizados principalmente em regiões temperadas, têm demonstrado que a paisagem do entorno dos cultivos agrícolas influencia a diversidade e abundância de polinizadores, avaliações sobre o efeito do contexto da paisagem na fauna de abelhas se tornam fundamentais. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar os fatores que influenciam a riqueza e a abundância/diversidade de abelhas nativas em áreas agrícolas inseridas em um gradiente de quantidade de habitat e níveis de heterogeneidade da paisagem. O estudo foi conduzido no município de Guapiara, SP, região predominantemente agrícola, com fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica no entorno das propriedades rurais. Para amostrar a distribuição e a diversidade das abelhas foram usadas armadilhas do tipo pan trap (nas cores amarelo, azul e branco). Em cada ponto amostral foram instaladas cinco estações (cada estação composta por um pan traps de cada cor) de 1,5m de altura, cuja distribuição espacial dentro das propriedades de estudo tem formato de X e distantes uma das outras 5m. As amostragens foram de 30h/coleta em cada ponto amostral (n=17, cada um com raio de 1000m), realizadas em uma única época do ano (primavera/verão, quente e chuvoso)...
Resumo:
The ideal of Waldorf Education, since the opening of the first school in 1919, was based on innovative principles for a humanized society. Among those principles, there was the attendance of all children without distinction, which is exactly the main idea of the inclusive school. Waldorf pedagogy defends that under the right pedagogical action and care with the individual development, anyone can develop, regardless of their disability. This statem ent highlights the main objective of this methodology, that is the human development, aligned to another fundamental guideline of inclusive education. Accordingly, the hypothesis of this work is that Waldorf education promotes inclusive schooling contexts, attending diversity and valuing differences. The general objective of this study is: analyze Waldorf Education to verify if it promotes inclusive contexts. And the specific objetives were: identify elements in this practice that favors diversity attend; analyze the practice of a Waldorf school, considering documentation, structure, and conception of managers, teachers and parents. The study was based on quantitative and qualitative research approach, and the data was collected trough observation of teaching practices in a classroom where a disabled student was present, as well as through documentation and observation of the school environment. Furthermore, in order to verify the understanding of parents (71 individuals) and teachers (18 individuals) on inclusion, a specific questionnaire was developed for each of these two groups. For the records, a diary and an observation script were used. It was concluded that Waldorf methodology provides all the necessary conditions to inclusion, mainly due to it's enhancement of individuality, didactic organization and it's roots in social relations
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Amphibian populations worldwide have been suffering declines generated by habitat degradation, loss, fragmentation and habitat split. With habitat loss and fragmentation in the landscape comes habitat split, which is the separation between the adult anuran habitat and breeding sites, forcing individuals to move through matrix during breeding seasons. Thus, habitat split increases the chance of extinction of amphibians with aquatic larval development and acts as a filter in the selection of species having great influence on species richness and community structure. The use of functional diversity allows us to consider the identity and characteristics of each species to understand the effects of fragmentation processes. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of habitat split, as well as habitat loss in the landscape, on amphibians functional diversity (FD) and species richness (S). We selected 26 landscapes from a database with anuran surveys of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. For each landscape we calculated DF, S and landscape metrics at multiple scales. To calculate the DF we considered traits that influenced species use and persistence in the landscape. We refined maps of forest remnants and water bodies for metrics calculation. To relate DF and S (response variables) to landscape variables (explanatory variables), we used a model selection approach, fitting generalized linear models (GLMS) and making your selection with AICc. We compared the effect of model absence and models with habitat split, habitat amount and habitat connectivity effects, as well as their interaction. The most plausible models for S were the sum and interaction between habitat split in 7.5 km scale. For anurans with terrestrial development, habitat amount was the only plausible explanatory variable, in the 5 km scale. For anurans with aquatic larvae habitat amount in larger scales and the addition of habitat amount and habitat split were plausible...
Resumo:
Cerca de 90% das plantas com flores e 35% das culturas agrícolas são dependentes de animais para polinização, e as abelhas são os principais agentes polinizadores de uma ampla variedade de espécies de plantas de ambientes naturais e agrícolas. Assim, as abelhas não só são imprescindíveis para a manutenção e conservação de comunidades de plantas em sistemas naturais, como também na atuação direta e significativa na produtividade agrícola. Atualmente, as populações de abelhas estão em declínio no mundo todo, em decorrência, principalmente, do crescente desmatamento e consequente perda de habitas adequados, além de outras ações antrópicas que modificam os seus nichos. Tendo em vista que muitos estudos, realizados principalmente em regiões temperadas, têm demonstrado que a paisagem do entorno dos cultivos agrícolas influencia a diversidade e abundância de polinizadores, avaliações sobre o efeito do contexto da paisagem na fauna de abelhas se tornam fundamentais. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar os fatores que influenciam a riqueza e a abundância/diversidade de abelhas nativas em áreas agrícolas inseridas em um gradiente de quantidade de habitat e níveis de heterogeneidade da paisagem. O estudo foi conduzido no município de Guapiara, SP, região predominantemente agrícola, com fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica no entorno das propriedades rurais. Para amostrar a distribuição e a diversidade das abelhas foram usadas armadilhas do tipo pan trap (nas cores amarelo, azul e branco). Em cada ponto amostral foram instaladas cinco estações (cada estação composta por um pan traps de cada cor) de 1,5m de altura, cuja distribuição espacial dentro das propriedades de estudo tem formato de X e distantes uma das outras 5m. As amostragens foram de 30h/coleta em cada ponto amostral (n=17, cada um com raio de 1000m), realizadas em uma única época do ano (primavera/verão, quente e chuvoso)...
Resumo:
The ideal of Waldorf Education, since the opening of the first school in 1919, was based on innovative principles for a humanized society. Among those principles, there was the attendance of all children without distinction, which is exactly the main idea of the inclusive school. Waldorf pedagogy defends that under the right pedagogical action and care with the individual development, anyone can develop, regardless of their disability. This statem ent highlights the main objective of this methodology, that is the human development, aligned to another fundamental guideline of inclusive education. Accordingly, the hypothesis of this work is that Waldorf education promotes inclusive schooling contexts, attending diversity and valuing differences. The general objective of this study is: analyze Waldorf Education to verify if it promotes inclusive contexts. And the specific objetives were: identify elements in this practice that favors diversity attend; analyze the practice of a Waldorf school, considering documentation, structure, and conception of managers, teachers and parents. The study was based on quantitative and qualitative research approach, and the data was collected trough observation of teaching practices in a classroom where a disabled student was present, as well as through documentation and observation of the school environment. Furthermore, in order to verify the understanding of parents (71 individuals) and teachers (18 individuals) on inclusion, a specific questionnaire was developed for each of these two groups. For the records, a diary and an observation script were used. It was concluded that Waldorf methodology provides all the necessary conditions to inclusion, mainly due to it's enhancement of individuality, didactic organization and it's roots in social relations
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC
Resumo:
In the Montane and Submontane Rain Forest of the Carlos Botelho State Park - PECB (ca. 37,000 ha) the composition, richness and geographical distribution of native, vascular forest species was evaluated. The analysis of 1143 species of 140 families supported the pattern found for other forests of Eastern Brazil, showing high species richness of Myrtaceae (85 species), Orchidaceae (81), Fabaceae (57), Asteraceae, Melastomataceae (54), Lauraceae (53), Rubiaceae (51), Bromeliaceae (43), Piperaceae (30) and Solanaceae (25), besides ferns (123). The most species-rich genera were Eugenia (34), Ocotea (26), Leandra, Myrcia, Vriesea (18), Piper, Solanum (16), Miconia (14), Mollinedia (13), and Peperomia (12). The richness and composition varied greatly among life forms, as well as the number of families represented in each one of them (only Rubiaceae had species in all life forms, except parasites). Trees had the largest contribution of total richness (39.1%), a value that represented more than 20% of the species listed for the whole Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. Trees were followed by epiphytes (22.4%), herbs (18.4%), shrubs (10.1%), lianas (9.1%), and parasites (0.9%). The overall richness and composition of life forms was quite close to other neotropical forests (e.g. high contribution of ferns among epiphytes), although some life forms remain undersampled in the PECB (mainly herbs, lianas and epiphytes). The occurrence of species endemic to the Atlantic Forest was pronounced (65%), with a predominance of species restricted to the Southern Atlantic Forest (43%). Pantropical species were rare (2%), being more common among ferns. Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae were the families with greater number and proportion of endemic species.
Resumo:
Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões em torno das formas e volumes das louças em faiança fina produzidas, e consumidas, na cidade de São Paulo, durante o período de 1913 e 1937, relacionando-as a alguns hábitos levados a cabo na Paulicéia, como o crescente costume do "cafezinho". Para tal, parte-se das análises do acervo gerado pelo resgate do sítio arqueológico Petybon, localizado na zona metropolitana da cidade, no bairro da Lapa, região da Água Branca/Vila Romana. Aponta-se que a diversidade de formas das louças dialoga com os projetos de modernidade pensados para São Paulo e as demandas dos consumidores cujas diversas práticas culturais influenciaram na produção das faianças finas pela Fábrica de Louças Santa Catharina e Indústrias Reunidas Fábricas Matarazzo.