Development and characterization of orally-disintegrating films for propolis delivery

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of different concentrations of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) on the properties of an orally disintegrating film containing propolis ethanol extract (PEE) as an active component. The films were evaluated in terms of total phenols, mechanical properties, solubility, contact angle, disintegration time, and microstructure. The films were prepared by casting with 2 g of protein mass (gelatin and HC), 30 g of sorbitol/100 g of protein mass, and 100 g of PEE/100 g of protein mass. HC was incorporated at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 g/100 g of protein mass. It was found that increased concentrations of HC reduced tensile strength and increased elongation; however, all films showed plastic behavior. An increase in solubility at 25 ºC, a reduction in the contact angle, and disintegration time were also observed. Thus, higher concentrations of collagen led to more hydrophilic and more soluble polymeric matrices that showed shorter dissolution time, favoring the use of these materials as carriers for active compounds to be delivered in the oral cavity.

Breastfeeding preterm infant from the delivery ward via nicu to home

The aim of this study was to examine how to support breastfeeding of preterm infants immediately after birth in the delivery ward, during their hospital stay in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and at home after hospital discharge. Specifically, the role of early physical contact, maternal breastfeeding attitude, and an internet-based peer support group were investigated. The delivery ward practices concerning the implementation of early physical contact between a mother and her infant admitted to a NICU were examined by a structured survey in two hospitals. An Internet-based, breastfeeding peer-support intervention for the mothers of preterm infants was developed and tested in a randomized controlled design with one year follow-up. The main outcomes were the duration of exclusive and overall breastfeeding, expressing milk, and maternal attitude. In addition, the perceptions of mothers of preterm infants were investigated by analyzing the peer-support group discussions with a qualitative approach. The implementation of early physical contact was different between the two hospitals studied and was based more on hospital routines than the physiological condition of the infant. Preterm infants, who were born before a gestational age (GA) of 32 weeks, were hardly ever allowed to have early contact with their mothers. Both, a higher GA and early physical contact predicted earlier initiation and increased frequency of breastfeeding in the NICU. A maternal breastfeeding-favorable attitude predicted increased frequency of breastfeeding in the NICU and also a longer duration of overall breastfeeding. The actual duration of breastfeeding was, however, shorter than the mothers intended in advance. The internet-based, peer-support intervention had no effect on the duration of breastfeeding, expressing milk, or maternal attitude. The participating mothers enjoyed the possibility of sharing their experiences of preterm infants with other mothers in similar situations. Some of the mothers also experienced being given useful advice for breastfeeding. Based on the mothers’ discussions, a process of breastfeeding preterm infants was created. This included some paradoxical elements in the NICU where, for example, breast milk was emphasized over breastfeeding and support in the hospital varied. Hospital discharge was a critical point, when the mothers faced breastfeeding in reality. Over time, the mothers assimilated their breastfeeding experience into part of being a mother. The care practices related to early physical contact in delivery wards need to be re-evaluated to allow more infants to have a moment with the mother. Maternal attitude could be screened prenatally and attitude-focused interventions developed. Breastfeeding support in the NICU should be standardized. Internet-based breastfeeding peer-support intervention was feasible but additional research is needed.

Tavanomaisen irtaimen esineen sale and lease back -järjestely. Tarkastelussa erityisesti vuokralleottajan sivullissuoja.

Tutkielman aiheena on tavanomaisen irtaimen esineen sale and lease back -järjestely. Järjestelyyn kuuluu nimensä mukaisesti luovutus ja takaisinvuokraus. Kokonaisjärjestelyn avulla rahoittaja ja luotonsaaja pyrkivät luomaan luotonmaksun vakuudeksi omistusoikeuteen perustuvan esinevakuuden. Järjestelyn tavoitteena on, että luotonsaajan asemassa oleva myyjä pystyisi käyttämään samaa esinettä samanaikaisesti sekä va-kuusobjektina että elinkeinotoimintansa tuotantovälineenä. Juuri siitä syystä, että luo-tonsaaja tarvitsee esinettä koko ajan elinkeinotoiminnassaan, ei panttausta voida käyttää. Tutkielma on oikeusdogmaattinen ja sen pyrkimyksenä on antaa selkeä kokonaiskäsitys irtaimen esineen sale and lease back -järjestelystä ja sen käytettävyydestä vakuusjärjestelynä. Oikeusdogmaattiselle tutkimukselle tyypillisesti tutkielmassa tarkastellaan olemassa olevaa tietomateriaalia. Keskeisimmät tutkielmassa käytetyt kirjallisuuslähteet ovat Jarno Teporan useat sale and lease back -järjestelyyn keskittyvät artikkelit, Jarmo Tuomiston omistusvakuuksia koskeva kirjallisuus sekä Erkki Havansin esineoikeudellinen perusteos Esinevakuudet. Virallislähteistä selvästi merkittävimmät ovat vuonna 1997 voimaantullut maakaari ja sen esityöt. Tutkimuksessa keskitytään erityisesti vuokralleottajan sivullissuojaan. Näin ollen tärkeimmäksi tutkimuskysymykseksi jäsentyy se, voiko sale and lease back -järjestelyssä ostajan roolissa oleva sijoittaja tai rahoittaja saavuttaa järjestelyn avulla kollisiotilanteiden varalta turvaavan vakuusaseman. Tutkimuksen kannalta keskeinen omistusvakuus-järjestely on vakuusluovutus, jollaiseksi vakuustarkoituksessa tehty sale and lease back -järjestely melko vakiintuneesti tulkitaan. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan mahdollisuutta hyväksyä sale and lease back -järjestely rahoittajalle dynaamista kollisiosuojaa tarjoavaksi vakuusjärjestelyksi ilman julkivarmistusta. Toisaalta selvitetään julkivarmistuksen toteuttamisen mahdollisuutta ilman hallinnansiirtoa muun muassa maakaaren 14:4.1:n 1 kohdan mukaisen kirjaamisen avulla. Nykylainsäädännön puitteissa järjestelyn hyväksyminen itsenäiseksi omistusvakuudeksi näyttää olevan epätodennäköistä ja ilman julkivarmistusta dynaaminen sivullissuoja jää saavuttamatta, vaikka järjestely on sitova inter partes. Tutkimuksen loppupäätelmissä pohditaan, voisiko sale and lease back -järjestelyyn liittyviä ongelmia ratkaista muuttamalla voimassa olevaa lainsäädäntöä tai antamalla täysin uutta lainsäädäntöä. Asiaa pohditaan myös oikeusvertailun keinoin selvittäen muiden Pohjoismaiden sekä Saksan oikeusjärjestelmien kantaa järjestelyyn.

Development of a bovine adenovirus type 2-based gene delivery vector /

ABSTRACT Recombinant adenoviruses are currently under intense investigation as potential gene delivery and gene expression vectors with applications in human and veterinary medicine. As part of our efforts to develop a bovine adenovirus type 2 (BAV2) based vector system, the nucleotide sequence of BAV2 was determined. Sixty-six open reading frames (ORFs) were found with the potential to encode polypeptides that were at least 50 amino acid (aa) residue long. Thirty-one of the BAV2 polypeptide sequences were found to share homology to already identified adenovirus proteins. The arrangement of the genes revealed that the BAV2 genomic organization closely resembles that of well-characterized human adenoviruses. In the course of this study, continuous propagation of BAV2 over many generations in cell culture resulted in the isolation of a BAV2 spontaneous mutant in which the E3 region was deleted. Restriction enzyme, sequencing and PCR analyses produced concordant results that precisely located the deletion and revealed that its size was exactly 1299 bp. The E3-deleted virus was plaque-purified and further propagated in cell culture. It appeared that the replication of such a virus lacking a portion of the E3 region was not affected, at least in cell culture. Attempts to rescue a recombinant BAV2 virus with the bacterial kanamycin resistance gene in the E3 region yielded a candidate as verified with extensive Southern blotting and PCR analyses. Attempts to purify the recombinant virus were not successful, suggesting that such recombinant BAV2 was helper-dependent. Ten clones containing full-length BAV2 genomes in a pWE15 cosmid vector were constructed. The infectivity of these constructs was tested by using different transfection methods. The BAV2 genomic clones did appear to be infectious only after extended incubation period. This may be due to limitations of various transfection methods tested, or biological differences between virus- and E. co//-derived BAV2 DNA.

The role of intrapartum intravenous therapy and method of delivery on newborn weight loss : challenging the 7% rule

It is common practice to initiate supplemental feeding in newborns if body weight decreases by 7-10% in the first few days after birth (7-10% rule). Standard hospital procedure is to initiate intravenous therapy once a woman is admitted to give birth. However, little is known about the relationship between intrapartum intravenous therapy and the amount of weight loss in the newborn. The present research was undertaken in order to determine what factors contribute to weight loss in a newborn, and to examine the relationship between the practice of intravenous intrapartum therapy and the extent of weight loss post-birth. Using a cross-sectional design with a systematic random sample of 100 mother-baby dyads, we examined properties of delivery that have the potential to impact weight loss in the newborn, including method of delivery, parity, duration of labour, volume of intravenous therapy, feeding method, and birth attendant. This study indicated that the volume of intravenous therapy and method of delivery are significant predictors of weight loss in the newborn (R2=15.5, p<0.01). ROC curve analysis identified an intravenous volume cut-point of 1225 ml that would elicit a high measure of sensitivity (91.3%), and demonstrated significant Kappa agreement (p<0.01) with excess newborn weight loss. It was concluded that infusion of intravenous therapy and natural birth delivery are discriminant factors that influence excess weight loss in newborn infants. Acknowledgement of these factors should be considered in clinical practice.

Clendennan to Benson Bargain and Sale, 1846 [photocopy]

In 1846 Levy Clendennan, a school master sold part of lot 18, sixth concession (one and three-quarter acre) to James Rae Benson, a merchant. The land was situated at the corner of James and Academy (now Church St.) streets. The existing Clendennan-Benson home would later be repurposed to serve as the location for the first city hall for the city of St. Catharines, Ont. The home was demolished in the 1920s when the city outgrew this location. Today the current city hall, facing Church Street, occupies this location.

Crowland Municipality : an act for regulating and governing auctioneers, and other persons putting up for sale, goods, wares, and merchandise to the highest or best bidder., 1854

On February 1st, 1854 an act was passed in order to regulate the sale of goods, wares and merchandise. Section I pertained to the fact that any merchant would first obtain a license. Section II deemed that no merchant should sell any wine or spirituous liquors, beer or ale within the municipality of Crowland in any less quantity than 5 gallons or less than 12 bottles in any place other than a House of Public Entertainment without having obtained a license. Section III was in regard to licensing any person who would use a billiard table which was set up for hire or gain. Section IV stated that all sums of money paid by the keepers of Houses of Public Entertainment plus the imperial duty of 2 pound would be payable to the Treasurer of the Municipality of Crowland. Section V was written regarding the continuance of the act to regulate inns, taverns, temperance houses and other Houses of Public Entertainment. Section VI specified that all recesses (not authorized to sell liquor) would pay the sum of 2 pounds. Section VII declared that Peter Benedict was appointed Revenue Inspector of the township and section VIII stated that recess-keepers who took out liquor licenses would be required to pay 6 pounds 5 shillings and for violating this they would pay a penalty. This document was written by Leonard M. Matthews, Township reeve and Alex Reid, clerk.

Investigation of Changes in Prescribed and Voluntary Job Roles in Community Service Delivery for People who have Intellectual Disabilities after the Implementation of the 3 Rs; Rights, Respect and Responsibility Project

The purpose of this thesis was to explore whether there is change in organizational citizenship behaviours in community agency staff following agency adoption of a rights - based service philosophy. Four community agency support staff were interviewed to investigate how residential care providers in services for persons who have intellectual disabilities describe their voluntary job related behaviours following training about human rights. The major finding was that the participants were actively engaged in displaying civic virtue, courtesy, and altruism discretionary behaviours. There was evidence of a post rights training shift in communication patterns with support staff reporting that they used language that prom,oted and advocated for human rights, and reported increased communication exchanges among persons supported by the agency, support staff and managers. Participants also suggested that the individuals they support asserted their rights more frequently and they were more active in their own life choices following rights training.

Wine for Sale at Garraway's Coffee-House in Cornhill

A list of wines for sale "by the candle at Garraway's Coffee-house in Exchange Alley, Cornhill..." six pages in length. The list begins with four conditions of sale and then lists types of wines, lot numbers and how many dozen are available. The wines available are: Excellent Old Hock, Old Hock, Rich Hungarian White Wine, Hungarian White Wine, Curious French Claret, White Perfian Wine, and Curious Rich Perfian Red Wine. The broker listed on the final page is Peter Fearon.

Indenture of Sale from Adam Hutt and wife Dorothy to Mathias Cairns, 1806

Indenture of bargain and sale from Adam Hutt and his wife Dorothy of Lincoln County regarding 27 acres to Mathias Cairns, of Stamford Township beginning at the northeast angle of Lot 29 of Stamford Township. This was registered on May 16, 1839 in Book U, folio 239 - instrument no. 12448, January 17, 1806.

Indenture of Sale Between David Secord to Jacob Lutz

Indenture of sale between David Secord of Niagara Township to Jacob Lutz of Thorold Township regarding part of Lot no. 90 in the Township of Niagara. Registered for the County of Lincoln and Haldimand in Book J, Folio 817. This was registered July 12, 1825. The instrument no. is 6659, June 30, 1825.