Alonso Rodríguez Gamarra en el comercio de libros con la América colonial (1607-1613)

Alonso Rodríguez Gamarra fue un impresor sevillano activo entre 1604 y 1622. Envió libros en 1607 a Santo Domingo y en 1613 a Guatemala y México. Estos tres envíos sumaban 71, 295 y 186 ejemplares respectivamente. Además, estos envíos incluían en total doce resmas de menudencias impresas (6.000 pliegos) que formaban en su conjunto un surtido notable. En dos de las tres hojas de registro se incluyó el detalle de los títulos embarcados con un nivel de descripción poco habitual, pues se anotaron los datos del autor, el título y el pie de imprenta. Esto último nos ha deparado alguna sorpresa, ya que permite realizar precisiones sobre la producción de los talleres de Gamarra. Es necesario destacar la referencia a una edición desconocida por los bibliógrafos, que aparece declarada por el propio impresor como"Oraciones y exercicios de fr. Luis de Granada Seuilla por Alonso Rodríguez Gamarra 1612".

Gut physiology mediates a trade-off between adaptation to malnutrition and susceptibility to food-borne pathogens.

The animal gut plays a central role in tackling two common ecological challenges, nutrient shortage and food-borne parasites, the former by efficient digestion and nutrient absorption, the latter by acting as an immune organ and a barrier. It remains unknown whether these functions can be independently optimised by evolution, or whether they interfere with each other. We report that Drosophila melanogaster populations adapted during 160 generations of experimental evolution to chronic larval malnutrition became more susceptible to intestinal infection with the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. However, they do not show suppressed immune response or higher bacterial loads. Rather, their increased susceptibility to P. entomophila is largely mediated by an elevated predisposition to loss of intestinal barrier integrity upon infection. These results may reflect a trade-off between the efficiency of nutrient extraction from poor food and the protective function of the gut, in particular its tolerance to pathogen-induced damage.

Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS™): como tem sido utilizado?

O Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS™), do American College of hRadiology, foi concebido para padronizar o laudo mamográfico e reduzir os fatores de confusão na descrição e interpretação das imagens, além de facilitar o monitoramento do resultado final. OBJETIVO: Identificar a maneira como vem sendo utilizado o BI-RADS™, gerando informações que possam auxiliar o Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia a desenvolver estratégias para aperfeiçoar o seu uso. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados na cidade de Goiânia, GO. Foram solicitados os exames de mamografia anteriores a todas as mulheres que se dirigiram ao serviço para realização de mamografia entre janeiro/2003 e junho/2003. Foram incluídos na análise exames anteriores, realizados entre 1/7/2001 e 30/6/2003. RESULTADOS: Foram coletados 104 laudos anteriores, emitidos por 40 radiologistas de 33 diferentes serviços. Dos 104 laudos, 77% (n = 80) utilizavam o BI-RADS™. Destes, apenas 15% (n = 12) eram concisos, nenhum utilizava a estrutura e organização recomendadas pelo sistema, 98,75% (n = 79) não respeitavam o léxico e 65% (n = 51) não faziam recomendação de conduta. CONCLUSÃO: O BI-RADS™, apesar de bastante utilizado, não foi reconhecido como sistema para padronização dos laudos. Foi usado quase exclusivamente como forma de classificação final dos exames.

Impacte tecnològic en el nou món colonial. Aculturació en arqueologia i arqueometria ceràmica (Tecnocolonial)

El projecte se centra en l"expansió colonial atlàntica espanyola, especialment al segle XVI. L"element bàsic per abordar aquest estudi és la ceràmica, ja que la seva ubiqüitat i abundància l"han convertida en un dels millors fòssils directors. Per la seva condició de símbol de la tecnologia europea colonial, la pisa o majòlica tindrà un lloc central en aquest estudi, però també s"abordaran les ceràmiques vidriades i els contenidors de transport, ja que aquests últims són els materials ceràmics més abundantment enviats a les zones colonitzades. Igualment, s"estudiaran les ceràmiques indígenes d"estil europeu. L"objectiu bàsic del projecte és aprofundir en els aspectes d"aculturació, relacions i influències que es generen en un procés colonitzador, entre els colonitzadors i els grups humans colonitzats, però també l"aparició de noves identitats que es generen en els espais colonitzats, amb grups humans generalment mixtos i complexos.

Ignacio Arellano y José Antonio Rodríguez Garrido (eds.), 'El teatro en la Hispanoamérica colonial'

Este volumen, publicado por la Universidad de Navarra y la editorial Iberoamerica-Vervuert, recoge las contribuciones realizadas durante el encuentro celebrado en Lima, del 5 al 7 de abril de 2006, en el que , bajo la organización del Instituto Riva-Agüero de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y del Grupo de Investigación Siglo de Oro de la Universidad de Navarra, numerosos especialistas pusieron en común el resultado de sus investigaciones sobre el teatro colonial hispanoamericano.

Three Essays on International Trade and the Labor Market

The thesis is made of three independent chapters interested in the impact of globalization on workers in industrialized countries. The dissertation is especially focused on identifying the causal impact of international trade on workers' mobility, wages, and employment with both a short- and medium-term perspective. The first paper explores the relation between intra-industry trade (IIT) expansion and associated worker flows, taking the latter as an indicator of labor-market adjustment costs. Being the first study to combine theoretical simulations and a novel identification strategy, we find that both theoretical and empirical analyses are consistent with the "smooth adjustment hypothesis", according to which IIT expansion is less disruptive than inter-industry trade expansion. The study therefore lends support to the use of IIT indices as first-pass proxies for the adjustment effects of trade expansion. The second chapter contrasts the impact of increased import competition coming from China and the European Union (EU) on workers in the United Kingdom over a 15-year period. The most salient findings show that increased imports from China had significantly negative effects on workers' earnings, wages and employment. In contrast, larger imports from the EU are associated with positive worker-level outcomes, which is largely explained by the fact that increased imports from the EU were mostly offset by increased same-industry exports to the EU. Besides, we find that increased imports from China exert additional pressure on workers through spillovers to employment and wages in downstream industries. Finally, the last chapter is focused on the impact of exposure to trade and real exchange rate shocks on wages for Swiss manufacturing workers. A particular attention is made to consistently estimate the causal effect in using a two-step gravity-type identification strategy. The study shows that the impact of trade and exchange rate movements is concentrated among high-skilled workers almost exclusively.

Task Trade and its determinants in Spain: a national and regional analysis

Globalisation and technological advances have made possible to offshore specific productive tasks (that do not require physical proximity to the actual location of the work unit) to foreign countries where these are usually performed at lower costs. We analyse the effect of task trade (i.e. task offshorability) on Spanish regional and national employment levels correlating a newly built index of task-delocalisation index to key variables such as the region’s wealth, the worker’s age and level of education, the importance of the service sector and the technological level of the economic activities undertaken in that particular geographical area. We conclude that approximately 25 per cent of Spanish occupations are potentially affected by task trade / offshoring and that this is likely to benefit Spanish economy (and the performance of specific regions, categories of workers and sectors) being Spain a potential recipient of tasks offshored from abroad. Also we obtain that Spain’s trade in tasks correlates strongly with the above variables, presenting significant regional differences.

Le sport en contexte colonial et postcolonial : une historiographie en friche

Réunissant quelques-uns des meilleurs experts français sur la question, le projet de cet ouvrage est de dresser un bilan des principales orientations historiographiques de l'histoire du sport. Cette réflexion complète la table ronde organisée lors du congrès du comité français des sciences historiques (Reims 2012). Elle s'interroge sur la spécificité d'un champ qui s'est développé en marge de l'Histoire en abordant un objet - le sport - qui traverse les cultures et les périodes, et entretient avec les registres politiques, sociaux, économiques, médiatiques, ou scientifiques des liens originaux. Appuyée sur des comparaisons européennes et nordaméricaines, elle suggère aussi des perspectives et de nouvelles pistes à investiguer. Cet ouvrage constitue une base de données précieuse pour les étudiants, doctorants, enseignants, chercheurs, archivistes et conservateurs et, plus largement, tout public averti et désireux de comprendre comment l'histoire a, jusqu'ici, questionné le phénomène sportif. Le lecteur y puisera des éléments conceptuels et des points d'appui historiographiques essentiels. Les grands débats du moment s'y reflètent : sport dans l'Antiquité, histoire de l'éducation physique, histoire économique du sport, histoire des techniques, des médias, du genre, ou encore histoire du sport en milieu colonial.