Micropartículas de goma gelana revestidas com filmes de amido resistente/pectina como estratégia para administração oral de insulina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Processo de flotação no tratamento da manipueira originada da fabricação de farinha de mandioca

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o tratamento da manipueira pelo processo de flotação, visando estabelecer os melhores parâmetros operacionais a serem adotados, sem o uso de agentes químicos. Foram realizados os tratamentos em dois tipos de processo de flotação: por ar dissolvido e ar induzido, sendo as colunas desenvolvidas em acrílico e PVC para operação contínua em uma planta piloto. Os dois sistemas de flotação não demonstraram diferenças em relação à recuperção de proteínas, amidos e matéria graxa, porém, o processo de flotação por ar dissolvido torna a manipueira diluída devido ao volume de água utilizada, o que acaba gerando um volume de resíduo ainda maior e aumentando o custo do processo. Utilizando o processo por ar induzido, foram realizados ensaios variando vazão e temperatura, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos nas seguintes condições: vazão na faixa entre 120 e 420 mL/min e temperatura na faixa de 33 a 36 °C. Foi observada uma redução nos percentuais de remoção de matéria graxa e proteínas de 44,4% e 32,8%, respectivamente.

Análise energética de sistemas de produção de etanol de mandioca, cana-de-açúcar e milho

The objective of this work was the analysis of the energetic ethanol production systems using as source of carbohydrates, manioc, sugar cane and maize crops. The searches were carried from the field in the Paranapanema River Valley, state of Sao Paulo in the operations of cultivation and industrial processing of raw materials for analysis. The expenditure of energy concerning the agricultural part was made by the energy consumption of stage production of one hectare of sugar cane, cassava and corn, tillage and planting procedure, inputs, driving the crop, harvest, transport industry and energy draining. The expenditure of energy referring to the part was made by the industry energy consumption of stage processing of one tonne of sugar cane, cassava and corn, in the operations of disintegration / milling, hydrolysis / treatment of the broth, fermentation, distillation and maintenance of equipment. Under the system of agronomic production of raw materials, manioc presented an energy expenditure below that of sugar cane and maize (9,528.33 MJ ha-1; 14,370.90 MJ ha-1 and 15,633.83 MJ ha-1, respectively). For the ethanol produced, the operations of cultivation has consumed 1.54 MJ l-1 with manioc; MJ 1.99 l-1 with sugar cane, and 7.9 MJ l-1 with the corn. In the industrial processing of a ton of raw material, sugar cane presented an energy cost less than the cassava and maize (1,641.56 MJ t-1; 2,208.28 MJ t-1 and MJ 3,882.39 t-1, Respectively), however, showed a higher cost than when they related to ethanol produced (19.38 MJ l-1; 11.76 MJ l-1 and 11.76 MJ l-1, respectively). In the final energy balance for each megajoules of energy invested in sugar cane were required 1.09 MJ (9%), for each megajoules of energy invested in manioc were required 1.76 MJ (76%) and for each megajoules energy invested in maize were required 1.19 MJ (19%). Overall, it appears that the manioc consumes less energy than sugar cane and corn crops in the process of agribusiness obtaining ethanol.

Avaliação da redução de matéria orgânica do tratamento do efluente líquido deextração de fécula de mandioca por processo de biodigestão anaeróbia.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of cassava wastewater, separately from the root washing water, by means of ascending flux anaerobic digesters, with separation of the phases, without temperature control or addition of chemical products and to evaluate its suitability by means of its physical and chemical characteristics for throwing in receiving body, public sewage system or application in fertilization and irrigation. After reactors had been stabilized, essays were conducted varying feeding flow with 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0 Ld-1 corresponding to a hydraulic retention time of 8.17, 5.44 and 4.08 days, respectively. The best reduction for organic load reduction were obtained with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 8.17 and 5.44 days with mean efficiencies of 89.8 and 90.9%, respectively.

Utilização de resíduos agronômicos da mandioca para fabricação de papéis especiais como recurso alternativo para a comunicação visual

The air part of the cassava is a residue which presents possibilities of being used as a non-wooden raw material in the production of pulp due to the fact that its 81 % of the adult plants air part, besides having high availability and presenting a high concentration of fibers. Studies were developed with the purpose of producing the pulps through the kraft process, which is a mix of the Na2S and NaOH in water heated up to the temperature of 160º C for about 90 minutes to the extraction of lignin. The paper sheets obtained in the practices went through an experimenting process. Studies related to the paper characteristics were accomplished in order to assess its use in the visual communication through printing techniques, silk screen, pictures and others graphical processes. The research results are able to conclude the utilization viability of this material in graphics communication.

Caracterização dos resíduos do processamento de mandioca para produção de bioetanol

Aiming to get the best economic advantage in ethanol production from cassava roots, this study presented a physiochemical characterization from two different types of solid waste in two types of processing of the raw materials in manufacturing ethanol. The processing of cassava roots begins with the disintegration and washing the roots with the addition of 20% more water to obtain a pulp which was treated and stirred in the reactor while adding enzyme α-amylase at a temperature of 90°C for 2 hours. Then we performed a pH adjustment while lowering the temperature to 60 ° C with the addition of the enzyme amiloglucosidase and then stirring for 14 hours. The hydrolyzate obtained was the source of two types of waste which are: i) Solid residue obtained after filtration of the hydrolyatze and ii) Solid waste obtained from filtering wine after alcoholic fermentation of the hydrolyzate with the addition of a dried yeast strain Y-940 manufactured by MAURI OF BRAZIL SA (2%) at a temperature of 25º C. The results of the laboratory analysis showed that the byproducts derived from the hydrolysis and fermentation showed very similar chemical compositions. With levels between 39 and 41% fiber, 0.5% lipids, 20 and 30% carbohydrates, protein 0.5 and 1.50, 6 and 8% acidity, and 20 and 30% soluble solids.

Avaliação do amido natural como alternativa simples para tratamento de águas pluviais para fins de aproveitamento não potável

This work aims to evaluate a simple procedure for rainwater treatment by applying natural corn starch as primary coagulant for non-potable harvesting households. For this purpose, coagulation, flocculation and filtration were carried out in lab essays in samples of roof and floor catchment without first-flush. There were investigated corn starch dosages from 1 to 12 mg/L in pH values around 6,0. The apparent color and turbidity were measured and the results were statistically presented. Results pointed out reductions around 70 and 80% for apparent color and turbidity (residuals of 53Hu and 13Tu), respectively.

Avaliação do desempenho de uma unidade em escala real para tratamento de água pluvial empregando a filtração direta por meio de filtro de pressão e amido natural de milho como coagulante primário

The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an experimental rainwater treatment system for non-potable uses. Without the first-flush discharge it was expected to control the quality of captured rainwater and to minimize the rainwater by-pass caused by the first-flush strategy. A full-scale direct filtration unit was operated and a solution of natural corn starch was used as the primary coagulant. The color, turbidity e coliform efficiencies of the unit was analyzed based on filtration loads and the net water production was estimated. The results pointed out turbidity removal up to 70.8% and color removal up to 61.0%. The backwash of the filtering system was completed in 3 minutes at the rate of 1,440 m3/m2day with consumption of treated water from 0.5% to 2.2%, based on the potentially harvesting.

Milho, amido ou caroço de algodão associados à glicerina bruta em dietas para ovinos

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Avaliação da qualidade de alimentos biofortificados produzidos em sistemas agroecológicos do trópico úmido

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Grão de soja moído e níveis de amido na terminação de tourinhos Nelore confinados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Degradabilidade do amido de grãos secos e ensilados de híbridos de milho com textura dura e dentada em função do grau de moagem

This research evaluated corn grains with flint and dent texture (ensiled high-moisture or dried), submitted to grinding degrees, using the in situ ruminal degradation technique. Three rumen canulated adult sheeps were used in a complete randomized design, using a factorial outline 2 x 2 x 3, with two corn hybrids (flint and dent texture), two conservation methods (ensiled high-moisture and dry) and three grinding degress (whole, coarsely and finely ground, corresponding to the sieve of 12; 10 and 8 mm). Starch soluble fraction (A) of the dent hybrid ensiled corn grains was greater comparing to the dry materials and in both conservation forms this fraction was reduced in the flint texture hybrid, while the insoluble fraction potentially degradable (B) the opposite occurred. The degradation potential was higher in grains ensiled in two textures. The ensiled allowed more starch effective degradation in relation to dry grain in two textures and the grains dent texture hybrid also increased such degradation in both conservation methods. The dent texture and the ensiled high-moisture grains proved the best option considering the starch degradability. Regardless of the conservation forms, the grains of corn hybrid flint texture should be finely ground, for providing higher ruminal degradation, while for the dent texture hybrid, the coarsely and whole grinding are the most suitable for ensiled and dry grain, respectively.

Digestibilidade do amido e disponibilidade de ca e p em alimentos energéticos extrusados para a tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of starch and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) apparent availability were evaluated in five cereal grain products and byproducts (corn, wheat meal, rice grain, rice bran and sorghum) for Nile tilapia. Chromic oxide was used as an external digestibility marker. The highest Ca and P apparent availability, respectively, were obtained for rice grain (43.03 and 64.79%), sorghum (39.89 and 58.09%) and corn (22.18 and 19.48%), while rice bran (-31.49 and 3.25%) and wheat meal (5.80 and 1.18%) showed the lowest values. Starch digestibility varied between 99.45 and 95.59% among the evaluated ingredients. This high ADC of starch observed in this study confirms that Nile tilapia is able to efficiently digest and utilize complex carbohydrates.

Composição físico-química e propriedades tecnológicas da farinha de folhas de mandioca

Cassava leaves can be considered an important nutritional source when compared to other commonly consumed vegetables leaves. Cassava leaves have high levels of protein, fiber and minerals, and arestill underexplored due to the lack of information regarding the use of them as afood product, as well as, their use as an industrial raw material. The consumption of cassava leaves in fresh form is impractical due to the presence of cyanide, thereby it is required a pretreatment to be performed to reduce this component. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize the four made with cassava leaves as its chemical composition, color, indices of absorption and water solubility, and pasting properties, aiming to provide information of interest for possible application as an ingredient in the food industry. Cassava leaf flour showed low moisture content (6.6 %)and significant amounts of fiber (30.68 %), protein (23.00 %), and total carbohydrate (22.27%). Drying and milling processes allowed to obtain a flour with a low content of total cyanide (0.3 mg 100g-1 ), and the presence of vitamin C (56.6 mg 100g-1 ) and β –carotene (38 mg 100g- 1 ). The color analysis of cassava leaf flour showed low lightness with, predominantly, green and yellow pigments. The cassava leaf flour presented good solubility (14.85 %) and water absorption (6.87 g gel. g-1 ). Pasting properties showed a low peak of viscosity and a higher final viscosity with a retrogradation tendency, indicating a low capacity of this flour to form gel. The flour of cassava leaves can be a good source of nutrition when used as a food ingredient in soups and pasta. However, it is not indicated to products that require high gel formation.

Produção semissólida de metarhizium anisopliae e beauveria bassiana em diferentes substratos e efeito da radiação ultravioleta e da temperatura sobre propágulos desses entomopatógenos

The present study was aimed to evaluate different (semi-solid) media for the production of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana propagules, and to evaluate the tolerance of these propagules to ultraviolet radiation and temperature. The experiments were performed at the Biological Control Laboratory of the Instituto Biológico at Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. For both fungi, 6 repetitions were performed for each of the 17 treatments: corn starch, full rice, parboiled rice, type-1 rice, type-2 rice, oat flakes, canjiquinha [grits], wheat flour, raw cassava flour, yellow corn flour, special wheat flour, corn flour, corn in grains, cassava starch, soy in grains, crushed wheat, and turf. The viability analysis was done in plastic plates containing BDA. For the bioassays involving exposure to ultraviolet light and temperature, BDA was also used for viability analysis, and each treatment was exposed to the UV radiation for 0, 25 and 50 seconds, the temperature exposure being at 20, 25, 30 and 35º C. Using a Potter tower, 2 mL of fungus suspension from each treatment was inoculated to the Diatraea saccharalis caterpillars. Regarding the sporulation, the largest concentrations of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were found for the treatments with parboiled rice, type-1 rice, type-2 rice, yellow corn flour, corn flour and crushed wheat. The viability of all treatments was superior to 94.00%. Also, the longer the duration of the exposition to the UV, the smaller the number of fertile conidia. At 35o C, a significant loss of conidia viability was observed, and all the treatments presented some level of virulence.