Caracterização de superfícies de vidros expostas a vapores de KNO3

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da geometria e da composição no espectro de cristais fotônicos 2D

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Análise teórica de novos circuladores de 3-portas em cristais fotônicos bidimensionais

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico sobre novos circuladores compactos com 3-portas tipos W e Y, baseados em cristais fotônicos bidimensionais. No circulador tipo Y, os guias de onda que o compõem formam ângulos de 120° entre si (com formato assemelhado ao da letra Y). O circulador tipo W é uma modificação do tipo Y, obtido a partir do reposicionamento de uma das portas entre as outras duas com um ângulo de 60° entre os guias de onda (com formato assemelhado ao da letra W). Os parâmetros geométricos dos cristais foram obtidos dos diagramas de bandas proibidas. O circulador de três portas tipo Y, projetado para operar em frequências de micro-ondas, foi investigado com o objetivo de gerar um protótipo inédito, enquanto que o tipo W, para frequências ópticas, foi investigado para demonstrar a possibilidade de desenvolver um circulador mais compacto em comparação com o tipo Y conhecido. O tipo W pode ser também uma alternativa geométrica mais adequada no design de circuitos integrados. Os modelos são bons no sentido em que possuem elevada isolação (maior que -20 dB em ambos os circuladores) e baixa perda de inserção (maior que -0,5 dB no caso do circulador tipo Y). O circulador tipo W apresenta uma largura de banda de operação em torno de 100 GHz para um nível de -20 dB de isolação, centrado no comprimento de onda de 1,5um. As simulações foram feitas utilizando-se o software comercial COMSOL Multiphysics, o qual se baseia no método dos elementos finitos.

Preparação e caracterização de coacervatos e vidros a base de fosfato, dopados com európio

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Sensores ópticos para quantificação de sulfeto de hidrogênio em matrizes gasosas por espectrometria de floorescênica do UV-visível e espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho: João Flávio da Silveira Petruci. -

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

PT-symmetric coupler with chi((2)) nonlinearity

We introduce the notion of a PT-symmetric dimer with a chi((2)) nonlinearity. Similarly to the Kerr case, we argue that such a nonlinearity should be accessible in a pair of optical waveguides with quadratic nonlinearity and gain and loss, respectively. An interesting feature of the problem is that because of the two harmonics, there exist in general two distinct gain and loss parameters, different values of which are considered herein. We find a number of traits that appear to be absent in the more standard cubic case. For instance, bifurcations of nonlinear modes from the linear solutions occur in two different ways depending on whether the first-or the second-harmonic amplitude is vanishing in the underlying linear eigenvector. Moreover, a host of interesting bifurcation phenomena appear to occur, including saddle-center and pitchfork bifurcations which our parametric variations elucidate. The existence and stability analysis of the stationary solutions is corroborated by numerical time-evolution simulations exploring the evolution of the different configurations, when unstable.

Monitoring of hydrogen sulfide via substrate-integrated hollow waveguide mid-infrared sensors in real-time

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fabrication of Yb3+/Er3+ codoped Bi2O3-WO3-TeO2 pedestal type waveguide for optical amplifiers

We report, for the first time to our knowledge, experimental results on pedestal waveguides produced with Yb3+/Er3+ codoped Bi2O3-WO3-TeO2 thin films deposited by RF Sputtering for photonic applications. Thin films were deposited using Ar/O-2 plasma at 5 mTorr pressure and RF power of 40 W on substrates of silicon wafers. The definition of the pedestal waveguide structure was made using conventional optical lithography followed by plasma etching. Propagation losses around 2.0 dB/cm and 2.5 dB/cm were obtained at 633 and 1050 nm, respectively, for waveguides in the 20-100 mu m width range. Single-mode propagation was measured for waveguides width up to 10 mu m and 12 mu m, at 633 nm and 1050 nm, respectively; for larger waveguides widths multi-mode propagation was obtained. Internal gain of 5.6 dB at 1530 nm, under 980 nm excitation, was measured for 1.5 cm waveguide length (similar to 3.7 dB/cm). The present results show the possibility of using Yb3+/Er3+ codoped Bi2O3-WO3-TeO2 pedestal waveguide for optical amplifiers. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

UV laser photofabrication of waveguide couplers using self-patterning organic-inorganic hybrids

Planar waveguides with controlled refractive index were produced using thin films of sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrids, so called di-ureasils. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to characterize the films thickness and refractive index. UV-laser direct-writing method was used to produce Y-splitter structures with coupling ratio of 50% without the need of photoinitiators.

Optical filters and resonant cavities based on di-ureasil organic–inorganic hybrids

Sol–gel derived poly(oxyethylene)/siloxane organic–inorganic di-ureasil hybrids containing different amounts (20–60% mol) of methacrylic acid (McOH) modified zirconium oxo-clusters (Zr-OMc) were processed as thin films and transparent and shape controlled monoliths. Laser direct writing was used to create channel waveguides, Bragg gratings, Fabry–Perot cavities and optical filters. The resulting Fabry–Perot optical cavity displays a free spectral range of 16.55 GHz and a fringe intensity contrast of 5.35 dB. Optical rejection values between 6.7 and 10.4 dB were obtained by varying the amount of the Zr-OMc oxo-clusters.

Online analysis of H2S and SO2 via advanced mid-Infrared gas sensors

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Materiais híbridos de sílica/orgânico dopados com rodamina-B: estudo da luminescência e preparação de filmes finos para aplicações em fotônica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of Mg on the structural and optical properties of LiNbO3 thin films grown by polymeric precursor method

A polymeric precursor solution was used to deposit pure and Mg doped LiNbO3 thin films on sapphire substrates by spin-coating. The effects of magnesium addition on crystallinity, morphology and optical properties of the annealed films were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the oriented growth of the films. Phi-scan diffraction evidenced the epitaxial growth with two in-plane variants. AFM studies show that the films are very homogeneous, dense and present smooth surfaces. The refractive index and optical losses obtained by the prism coupling method were influenced by the magnesium addition.

Photopatternable di-ureasil-zirconium oxocluster organic-inorganic hybrids as cost effective integrated optical substrates

Organic-inorganic hybrids containing methacrylic acid (McOH, CH(2)= C(CH(3))COOH)) modified zirconium tetrapropoxide, Zr(OPr(n))(4), classed as di-ureasil-zirconium oxo-cluster hybrids, have been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopies, Si and C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD and SAXS results have pointed out the presence of Si- and Zr-based nanobuilding blocks (NBBs) dispersed into the organic phase. Inter-NBBs correlation distances have been estimated for the pure di-ureasil and a model compound obtained. by hydrolysis/condensation of Zr(OPr(n))(4):McOH (molar ratio 1: 1): d(Si) approximate to 26 +/- 1 angstrom and d(Zr) approximate to 16 +/- 1 angstrom, respectively. In the case of the di-ureasil-zirconium oxo-cluster hybrids, these distances depend on the Zr relative molar percentage (rel. mol. Zr %) (d(Si) ranges from 18 to 25 angstrom and d(Zr) from 14 to 23 angstrom, as the rel. mol. Zr % increases from 5 to 75), suggesting that the Si- and Zr-based clusters are interconstrained. Complementary data from FT-IR, FT-Raman, (29)Si and (13)C NMR, and AFM support to a structural model where McOH-modified Zr-based NBBs (Zr-OMc) are present over the whole range of composition. At low Zr-OMc contents (rel. mol. Zr % <30) the clusters are well-dispersed within the di-ureasil host, whereas segregation occurs at the 0.1 mu m scale at high Zr-OMc concentration (rel. mol. Zr % = 50). No Zr-O-Si heterocondensation has been discerned. Monomode waveguides, diffractions gratings, and Fabry-Perot cavities have been written through the exposure of the hybrid monoliths to UV light. FT-Raman has shown that the chemical process that takes place under illumination is the polymerization of the methacrylate groups of the Zr-OMc NBBs. The guidance region in patterned channels is a Gaussian section located below the exposed surface with typical dimensions of 320 mu m wide and 88 mu m deep. The effective refractive index is 1.5162 (maximum index contrast on the order of 1 x 10(-4)) and the reflection coeficient of the Fabry-Perot cavity (formed by a grating patterned into a 0.278 cm channel) is 0.042 with a free spectral range value of 35.6 GHz.

Impact of biannual rossby waves on the Indian Ocean Dipole

Topex/Poseidon sea surface height anomalies during 1993-2002 are decomposed using 2-D finite impulse response filters which showed biannual Rossby waves (BRWs) in the equatorial Indian Ocean (peak at 1.5 degrees S) and in the southern tropical Indian Ocean (peak at 10.5 degrees S) during Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) years. Anomalous downwelling BRWs in the equatorial Indian Ocean triggered by the wind stress curl-induced Ekman pumping near the eastern boundary started propagating westward from the eastern boundary in July/August 1993 and 1996, i.e., more than one year prior to the formation of the IOD events of 1994 and 1997 respectively. These strong downwelling signals reach the western equatorial Indian Ocean during the peak dipole time.