967 resultados para Visual acuity.


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Purpose: To describe corneal graft survival and visual outcome after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) that is unresponsive to clinical treatment. Methods: Retrospective study. Thirty-two patients with AK who underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (tPK) from August 1996 to August 2005 were included. Data relating to clinical features, visual acuity, surgical technique, graft survival and complications were collected. Graft survival was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons were performed using the Log-rank test. Results: Most patients (62.5%) were female. Mean age [+/- standard deviation (SD)] was 35 (+/- 13) years (range 15-68 years). All patients were contact lens wearers. Eighteen patients (56%) presented paralytic mydriasis and glaucoma during the treatment. Thirteen patients (40%) developed glaucoma after surgery; eight of them (61%) required a second PK because of graft failure. Of the 32 keratoplasty eyes, 56.2% presented graft failure at any follow-up point. Forty-five per cent of graft failures occurred before the 12 month follow-up, so 55% remained clear in the first year after surgery. Twelve patients underwent a second PK; seven of them failed and 45% were clear at 1 year. Two patients presented graft recurrence of amoebic infection. There was no significant difference in graft survival when eyes with or without mydriasis were compared (P = 0.40). Eyes with glaucoma presented a significantly shorter graft survival (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Penetrating keratoplasty is a treatment option for eyes that are unresponsive to clinical treatment infections. However, graft survival is poor; postoperative glaucoma is frequent and is associated with shorter graft survival.

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The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Ocular Toxocariasis, Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis (DUSN), Toxoplasma gondii infection and Ocular Toxoplasmosis in a student population in Natal-RN/Brazil and relate it to demographic, epidemiologic and socio-economic risk factors. The incidence of DUSN was observed in patients at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Ophthalmology Service and the Prontoclinica de Olhos Ophthalmology clinic in Natal. In cases where a worm was found in the subretinal space, the result of treatment with photocoagulation using Green Laser (Eye Light ALCON) was evaluated in relation to final visual result. The sample was randomly selected among the schools of the four districts of Natal, according to the type of institution (public or private), its level (elementary or secondary), and study period (morning, afternoon or evening). The school population was studied from March to May, 2001. Initially, the students answered a questionnaire to evaluate demographic, epidemiologic and socio-economic risk factors. Afterwards, the following procedures were carried out: blood samples were taken for Toxoplasmosis (IgG, IgM) serology, hemogram, ophthalmological examination, consisting of clinical history, measurement of visual acuity, refraction under cycloplegia, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment and annexa, funduscopy and examination of extrinsic motility. The prevalence of Toxocariasis was 0.2% or 2 per one thousand students. The sample was insufficient to estimate the prevalence of DUSN. Seventy patients with DUSN diagnosis were examined from January, 2001 to January, 2003. A live worm was found in the subretinal space of all four patients in the acute phase, and these were treated with laser photocoagulation. After follow-up (average = 11.5 months), visual acuity improved in three eyes and remained unaltered in one eye. Worms were found in 22 of the 66 patients in the chronic phase, and these also were treated with laser photocoagulation. After a follow-up period of 13.1 months, on average, visual acuity improved in two of the patients, remained unchanged in 19 and worsened in one. The comparison of visual result before and after treatment was not statistically significant (p = 0.302). The diagnosis of DUSN in the acute phase, followed by prompt localization and destruction of the worm by photocoagulation, can improve the patient s vision. However, destruction of the worm by laser photocoagulation in eyes with DUSN in the chronic phase does not improve visual acuity. Seroprevalence for IgG was 46% (Confidence Interval CI 95%-42.9-49.2%) and for IgM it was 1.4% (CI 95% = 0.8-2.4%). The prevalence of ocular lesion was 1.15% (CI 95% = 0.6 - 2.0%). Socio-economic conditions were determinants in the prevalence of Systemic and Ocular Toxoplasmosis in the bivaried analysis and confirmed in the multivaried analysis (mother s scholarity illiterate/ OR = 2.9 and p < 0.001). The T. gondii infection prevalence, although high, was less than that found in studies performed in the South and Southeast of Brazil and that of Ocular Toxoplasmosis was completely discrepant, varying from 5 to 17 times less. Although important epidemiological variables such as owning a cat, drinking unfiltered water, and coming into contact with rivers or lakes showed an association in the preliminary analysis, they lost their influence when included in the logistic model. Future studies are scheduled to begin in March, 2004, in collaboration with other Brazilian and American universities in an attempt to discover the reason for these findings, as well as identifying the different strains of Toxoplasma gondii, and studying the sources of water utilized by the population of Natal Brazil

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PURPOSE. To compare the effectiveness of posterior sub-Tenon's infusion (STi) and intravitreal injection (IVI) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for treatment of refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema.METHODS. Thirty-six phakic diabetic patients with refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema were prospectively enrolled. Patients randomly received either 40 mg STi or 4 mg IVI of TA. Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was performed at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 8 +/- 1, 12 +/- 2 and 24 +/- 2 weeks after treatment. Macular morphologic changes detected by optical coherence tomography and visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and lens status were evaluated.RESULTS. Twenty-eight patients (28 eyes) completed the 24-week study. Central macular thickness was significantly reduced in the IVI group when compared with the STi group at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment (P < 0.01). Mean visual acuities (in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) at week-4, -8, and -12 follow-up examinations were significantly higher in the IVI group (0.74, 0.75, and 0.82, respectively) when compared with the STi group (0.88, 0.88, and 0.90, respectively; P < 0.01). A significant change from baseline in mean intraocular pressure (mm Hg) was seen at weeks 4 (+/- 3.21) and 8 (+/- 3.35) in STi the group (P < 0.01), and at week 8 (+/- 2.78) in the IVI group (P < 0.05). No patient had cataract progression during the study.CONCLUSIONS. Although the number of patients and length of follow-up in this preliminary study were limited, the changes in central macular thickness and visual acuity observed after treatment suggest that IVI TA may be more effective than STi for the management of refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

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Background/aims: The aim of this study was to compare the morphological and visual acuity outcomes associated with a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide versus bevacizumab for the treatment of refractory diffuse diabetic macular oedema.Methods: Twenty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive a single intravitreal injection of either 4 mg/0.1 ml triamcinolone acetonide or 1.5 mg/0.06 ml bevacizumab. Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was performed at baseline and at weeks 1, 4, 8 (+/- 1), 12 (+/- 2) and 24 (+/- 2) after treatment. Main outcome measures included central macular thickness measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and best corrected Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity.Results: Twenty-six patients (26 eyes) completed all study visits (two patients missed two consecutive study visits). Central macular thickness was significantly reduced in the intravitreal triamcinolone group compared with the bevacizumab group at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24 (p<0.05). Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) best-corrected visual acuity was significantly higher at weeks 8 (0.69; similar to 20/100(+1)) and 12 (0.74; 20/100(-2)) in the intravitreal triamcinolone group compared with the bevacizumab group (weeks 8 (0.83; similar to 20/125(-1)) and 12 (0.86; 20/ 160(+2))) (p<0.05). Significant change from baseline in mean intraocular pressure (mmHg) was seen at week 4 (+2.25) only in the intravitreal triamcinolone group (p<0.0001). No patient had observed cataract progression during the study.Conclusions: One single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone may offer certain advantages over bevacizumab in the short-term management of refractory diabetic macular oedema, specifically with regard to changes in central macular thickness. The actual clinical relevance of our preliminary findings, however, remains to be determined in future larger studies.

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This work supplies a reflection concerning the presence of the daily television in the children s lives. It points with respect to the necessity of the incorporation of the nature of the medias and information in the educative proposals in way to promote the approach of the two areas in the junction of its respective epistemologies. It considers the development of a visual acuity for the student staff, pointing out the paper of the educator as a promoter of this taken over on a contract basis. Therefore, we present a research of field, carried through in some public and private primary schools in Natal and other cities that are part of the Grande Natal , trying to show with what perspective the teachers use the languages in this stage of education, prioritizing the television elements. As elements of the collection of the information, we made use of half-structuralized interviews, beyond comments directed for the moments where the teachers used the television with educative intention. As results, we noticed that some considerable part of the involved educators still don t get to conceive the television as integrating part of the roll of the languages, using this resource in a limited way, restricting to the contact with sets of documentaries and essentially educative productions, besides the use of objectives directed toward the entertainment, forgetting the opened TV, present in the daily lives of the children since the tender age

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This dissertation presents and discusses the results of an applied research on the accessibility of residents in a Long Term Care Institution (LTCIs) in the city of Natal- RN. The main objective of this research is to suggest projectual improvements that maximize the accessibility in a LTCIs of Natal-RN, considering the aspects of mobility, safety, comfort and independence of elderly residents. Moreover, one should consider the specific characteristics of the user population, capabilities and limitations of the biological process of aging, which causes damage to the neurological system, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular and progressively affects on visual acuity, balance and locomotion of elderly people. This research has a qualitative approach and divided into four phases: exploratory, bibliographical and documentary research, mapping of the LTCIs of Natal-RN, case study. The phase of the mapping presented an overview of accessibility on LTCIs of Natal-RN. The institution of the case study was defined based on the overall assessment of accessibility and ergonomics criteria, preceded by an application of an Ergonomic Work Analysis to understand the accessibility of the elderly people. Interactional and observational methods were used to collect field data. To this end, an intense process of social construction was conducted, involving the elderly residents, caregivers, health professionals and general servants and LTCIs´ managers. It was found that the NBR 9050 is not comprehensive to solve the diversity of accessibility problems found in LTCIs. All LTCIs investigated were in disconformity to the NBR 9050. In the case study, it was found that the inappropriate design hinders the daily activities of the elderly people and is a source of risk of accidents. The environment, facilities and lack of assistive technologies hinder the autonomy of the elderly people, and this LTCI requires ergonomic intervention to improve the accessibility, autonomy and security of the elderly people

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São poucos os estudos sobre gliomas «low-grade». Os oligodendrogliomas representam de 1,3 a 10% dos tumores intracerebrais. A neurocisticercose é uma das mais graves parasitoses do SNC, com evidente polimorfismo clínico e laboratorial. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o caso de um doente com cefaléia, perda progressiva da visão, alteração do comportamento e, provas imunológicas positivas para cisticercose no líquido cístico e cefalorra-queano. Após tentativas para tratamento da neurocisticercose, sem muito sucesso, foi submetido a craniotomia frontal para exérese de tumor cístico, que revelou tratar-se de oligodendroglioma. Discutem-se aspectos relacionados aos possíveis mecanismos para associação de neurocisticercose e oligodendroglioma.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a condição ocular em população de trabalhadores de uma indústria metalúrgica paulista. MÉTODOS: Amostra de 2516 funcionários de uma fábrica na cidade de São Paulo foi submetida a uma avaliação oftalmológica como exame ocupacional periódico. Foi aplicado um questionário e realizado o exame de acuidade visual (Snellen) e teste de Ishihara. Os funcionários com acuidade visual menor que 0,7 ou com diferenças maior que duas linhas ou que apresentassem alguma queixa ocular, passaram por avaliação complementar (biomicroscopia, refração, tonometria e fundo de olho). Prescreveu-se óculos conforme indicação. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (62,5%) e faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (41%). A maioria não apresentava antecedentes oculares (97,6%) ou sistêmicos (96,6%).A acuidade visual estava acima de 0,7 em 95,5% dos olhos e 84% não utilizavam correção. O diagnóstico final foi exame normal em 55% dos casos, presbiopia em 13.6%, astigmatismo miópico em 10% e hipermetrópico em 7,7% dos indivíduos. Baixa visão foi encontrada em 2,4%, cegueira unilateral em 0,4%, não havendo casos de cegueira ou de deficiência visual entre os trabalhadores. As principais causas de baixa visão foram erros refrativos e ambliopia. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos funcionários da indústria pesquisada apresentava exame oftalmológico normal e nenhum deles apresentava cegueira bilateral.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar as causas de baixa visão e cegueira em indivíduos facectomizados, de amostra da população de cidades da região centrooeste do estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo transversal, observacional, feito em cinco cidades da região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, em amostra domiciliar e baseada nos dados do último Censo Demográfico (IBGE, 1995), com escolha sistemática dos domicílios. Foi considerada para o presente estudo uma subamostra de indivíduos facectomizados, dos quais foram obtidos dados de identificação e exame oftalmológico completo. Os dados foram avaliados por estatísticas descritivas, análise de freqüência de ocorrência e proporção de concordância, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Dos indivíduos amostrados, 2,37% haviam sido submetidos à facectomia. Dos 201 olhos operados, 26,9% apresentavam acuidade visual compatível com cegueira ou deficiência visual. Com a melhor correção óptica, a acuidade visual permaneceu <0,3 em 19,0%. O exame refracional proporcionou melhora da acuidade visual para 27,9% dos indivíduos facectomizados. As causas de baixa visão foram os erros refrativos não corrigidos, opacidade de cápsula posterior (19,4%), ceratopatia bolhosa (8,3%) coriorretinite cicatricial (8,3%), afacia (8,3%), degeneração macular relacionada a idade (5,5%), leucoma (5,5%), glaucoma (5,5%), atrofia de papila (5,5,%), descolamento de retina (2,8%), atrofia de epitelio pigmentado da retina (2,8%) e alta miopia (2,8%). CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da catarata ser causa de cegueira que pode ser evitável, mesmo após a correção cirúrgica porcentagem expressiva de indivíduos permanece com baixa visão, em geral, em decorrência de fatores relacionados ao seguimento pós-operatório negligenciado.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da adesão no resultado do tratamento da ambliopia. MÉTODOS: Foi feito estudo retrospectivo avaliando a resposta ao tratamento da ambliopia em 151 crianças portadoras de ambliopia, tratadas com esquema de oclusão diária, com o número de dias variando de acordo com a idade da criança. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos que diferiam entre si pela adesão ou não ao tratamento. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o tratamento teve melhores resultados nas crianças de 4 a 7 anos e que aderiram ao tratamento; as crianças que aderiram ao tratamento necessitaram de tempo menor de permanência em tratamento. Mesmo crianças com idade superior a 7 anos tiveram resultados positivos com a oclusão. CONCLUSÃO:O tratamento oclusivo é um meio terapêutico eficiente desde que haja a cooperação do paciente.

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O objetivo é relatar o caso de portadora de atrofia hemifacial progressiva, atendida na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP: A paciente do sexo feminino, 43 anos, branca, queixava-se de afundamento progressivo do olho esquerdo e região orbitária há aproximadamente 10 anos, com dor na região periorbitária ipsilateral e diminuição da acuidade visual. O exame tomográfico confirmou a hipótese e o tratamento foi feito com injeção de Polietigel® na órbita, com bom resultado estético e melhora da função palpebral. O Polietigel pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento do enoftalmo na síndrome de Parry-Romberg.

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OBJETIVO: Apresentar as características dos portadores e a prevalência do ectrópio em uma amostra populacional aleatória do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Os dados foram colhidos durante a realização do Projeto de Prevenção da Cegueira da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP, com amostra domiciliar sistemática aleatória. Foram avaliados 10.432 indivíduos, residentes em 11 municípios da regional de saúde localizada na região Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística para avaliação de variáveis descritivas e da prevalência do ectrópio palpebral. RESULTADOS: Foram detectados 71 portadores de ectrópio palpebral, com prevalência estimada de 0,68%. A prevalência não foi semelhante nos Municípios estudados. A maioria dos portadores de ectrópio apresentava idade acima dos 70 anos e era do sexo masculino. Vinte e oito por cento dos portadores de ectrópio apresentavam catarata concomitantemente. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência do ectrópio na população Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo é de 0,68%. O ectrópio palpebral ocorre mais frequentemente em homens, geralmente idosos, expostos ao sol, mais na pálpebra inferior e com acuidade visual corrigida normal.

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OBJETIVO: A catarata é a principal causa tratável de cegueira e deficiência visual em países subdesenvolvidos. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar se a catarata continua sendo uma importante causa de cegueira no centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal, de caráter observacional, realizado em cinco cidades da região centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, para as quais o centro de referência é a cidade de Botucatu. A amostra estabelecida para este estudo, de forma aleatória, seria composta por 5.555 indivíduos, sendo que foram examinados 4.229 indivíduos (8.458 olhos), ou seja, 78% da amostra pretendida. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico completo que consistia em avaliação da acuidade visual (com e sem correção), tonometria, biomicroscopia, fundoscopia e exame refracional. O diagnóstico de catarata foi dado aos indivíduos que apresentassem opacidade de cristalino na biomicroscopia, de acordo com o Sistema de Classificação de Opacidade do Cristalino II (LOCS II). Olhos apresentando deficiência visual ou cegueira, com a melhor correção e causados por catarata, foram considerados após excluir outras patologias que pudessem causar baixa da acuidade visual (AV). Olhos com deficiência visual foram considerados quando 0,05 < AV < 0,3 e olhos cegos quando AV < 0,05. Indivíduos com deficiência visual foram considerados quando 0,05 < AV < 0,3 e indivíduos cegos quando AV < 0,3, no melhor olho com a melhor correção. Foi considerado o número de olhos com catarata, o número de olhos com deficiência visual e cegueira e o número de indivíduos com deficiência visual e cegueira. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de catarata na população estudada foi de 4,94% (209 indivíduos), afetando principalmente indivíduos com mais de 50 anos (92,34%) e do sexo feminino (61,11%). A catarata foi a causa de deficiência visual para 0,96% e a causa de cegueira para 0,52% de toda a população estudada. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados mostraram que a prevalência de catarata na população estudada é semelhante aos índices de países desenvolvidos.

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Nineteen bovines of both sexes aging from 5 month-old to 5 year-old, were referred to a veterinary hospital. Clinical signs were observed from 6 hours to 10 days before. Thirteen animals were found in permanent lateral recumbency, five showed motor incoordination, 15 were exclusively fed on grass pasture, three showed partial loss of visual acuity, 14 were blindness, 16 showed presence of normal pupillary reflex, 16 decreased ruminal motility, 14 decreased sensorium (depression, semicoma or coma) and eight showed opisthotonos. Dehydration and dried feces were directly related to the time of evolution of the process. All the animals were administrated vitamin B1 and showed a marked improvement of the clinical status within 4 to 48 hours after treatment. The longer the time between the onset of the clinical signs and treatment, the greater the delay for the restoration of the vision. The treatment was very effective for a rapid response of the animal.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)