Produtividade e valor nutricional de variedades de cana-de-açúcar sob diferentes fontes de fósforo

Due to the expansion of sugarcane in areas that are not traditional in it's cultivation, there is need of study the management of fertilizer, mainly phosphorus, since it's the nutrient that most limits the production in the tropics. The aim of this work was to evaluate the productivity and nutritional value of two varieties of sugarcane grown under different phosphorus sources, for three production cycles in North of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 4x2, with four replications. The sources of phosphorus used were bone meal, Arad phosphate and triple superphosphate at a dose of 100 kg P2O5 ha(-1), and a control without nutrient application at planting. The varieties of sugarcane were planted IAC86-2480 and SP79-1011. We evaluated the productivity of dry matter, dry matter content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent, lignin, cellulose, in vitro digestibility and crude protein of forage. The phosphorus sources provided higher yields during the first cycle of sugarcane and did not cause significant effect on productivity in subsequent cycles. Phosphorus fertilization did not cause significant changes in the nutritional value of sugarcane. The variety IAC86-2480 showed higher crude protein content in three cycles and higher dry matter yield in the first two cycles, compared to SP79-1011. Regarding the fiber constituents, both showed similar results.

Avaliação de seleções mutantes de figueira cv. Roxo-de-Valinhos

A figueira (Ficus carica L.), pertencente à família das Moráceas, constitui-se numa das mais importantes frutíferas cultivadas, elevando o Brasil à condição de décimo maior produtor e exportador de figos do mundo. Porém, a ficicultura apresenta alguns problemas fitossanitários, além de, no Brasil, estar toda implantada com uma única cultivar, a Roxo-de-Valinhos, que produz frutos sem sementes, inviabilizando o melhoramento convencional. Nesse sentido, o melhoramento genético, com o uso de mutagênicos, passa a ser uma linha de pesquisa altamente importante, podendo contribuir enormemente para o desenvolvimento da cultura. Diante disto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar seleções mutantes de figueira originadas de plantas formadas por estacas provenientes de gemas irradiadas com raio gama, bem como compará-las com as principais cultivares da cultura em plantio comercial. Utilizou-se de plantas originadas de estacas de 5 cultivares tradicionais de figueira e de cinco seleções de figueiras mutantes (formadas por estacas originadas de gemas da cultivar Roxo-de-Valinhos irradiadas com raio gama, na dose de 30 Gy), cultivadas em espaçamento de 2,5 x 1,5 m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, contendo 10 tratamentos, com 3 repetições e 5 plantas por parcela. As avaliações foram realizadas a partir do desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas, bem como as características dos frutos. da análise dos dados, conclui-se que há variabilidade entre as seleções mutantes e destas com as cultivares tradicionais, e que o tratamento PI-189 foi superior à cultivar-padrão Roxo-de-Valinhos em características de grande importância comercial, como número de frutos por planta, massa média por fruto e produtividade, igualando-se nas demais características, mostrando-se, assim, com enorme potencial para posteriores estudos.

Acumulação de matéria seca e macronutrientes pelo sorgo sacarino

Foram colhidas amostras de plantas de dois cultivares de sorgo sacarino (Brandes e Rio), cultivados em um Latossol Roxo, de 20 em 20 dias, onde se analisou a acumulação de matéria seca, N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Ambos os cultivares apresentaram maior velocidade de absorção para a maioria dos nutrientes no período compreendido entre o aparecimento do primórdío da panícula e o florescimento, com algumas excessões. O cultivar Brandes apresentou maiores velocidades de absorção de nutrientes do que o cultivar Rio, nos períodos de máxima taxa de absorção, mesmo apresentando ciclo longo.

Caracterização e identificação das cultivares de pessegueiro Tropical e Douradão através de marcadores RAPD

Foi realizada a caracterização genética das cultivares de pêssego Tropical e Douradão pelo método RAPD, em comparação com 'Dourado-1', 'Tutu', 'Maravilha', 'Rubro-sol', 'Flordaprince', 'Aurora-1' e 'Talismã' do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Frutas de Caroço do IAC, mantido no Núcleo de Agronomia de Capão Bonito, utilizando DNA extraído de folhas jovens. Foram obtidos 31 marcadores genéticos a partir dos primers altamente polimórficos OPAD10, OPAE04, OPAE07, OPAE09, OPAE11, OPAJ04 e OPAJ06, selecionados de 96 primers avaliados. Os marcadores RAPD utilizados indicaram eficientemente o grau de parentesco entre cultivares, exceto em cultivares originadas de polinização livre. Verificou-se que, mesmo entre as cultivares irmãs como 'Tutu' e 'Talismã', encontrou-se certa distância genética (0,29), mostrando que por RAPD é possível caracterizar-se germoplasma aparentado. 'Tropical' e 'Douradão' foram bem caracterizados em relação aos parentais e demais cultivares, com as distâncias genéticas variando de 0,26 a 0,89.

Capacidade de enraizamento de variedades de nespereira submetidas à poda de renovação

O presente trabalho avaliou a capacidade de enraizamento de cinco variedades de nespereira (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), sendo Champagne, Precoce de Itaquera, Mizuho, Mogui e Tanaka, obtidas pela poda de renovação. Estacas tenras apicais, contendo um par de folhas e cerca de 15 cm, foram tratadas por cinco segundos com ácido indolbutírico (IBA) (0; 1.000; 3.000; 5.000 e 7.000 mg.L-1). O experimento foi conduzido em câmara de nebulização intermitente pertencente à UNESP/FCAV (21º15'22 S e 48º18'58 W). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x5 (5 variedades e 5 concentrações de IBA), com 4 repetições e 10 estacas por parcela. As avaliações foram feitas após 90 dias. Os resultados indicaram um incremento de enraizamento e número de raízes crescente com a concentração de IBA utilizada, com exceção da variedade Mogui, que apresentou melhores resultados apenas quanto ao comprimento de raízes. Posterior ao transplantio, a sobrevivência das mudas foi alta (90%), apresentando condições de serem plantadas no campo, aos seis meses, ou de serem enxertadas aos oito meses, decorrido desde o estaqueamento.

Caracterização e avaliação de três grupos de arroz-de-sequeiro de diferentes procedências por meio da sensitividade à radiação gama

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade química da água residual da criação de peixes para cultivo de alface em hidroponia

Aiming to evaluate the association of hydroponic lettuce cultivation with residues from a fish intensive breeding system, a project was carried out in the Aquaculture Center in the FCAV-UNESP at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. A closed system was designed in order to allow the water to circulate through the fish tanks, a clarifier tank for removal of residues, a reservoir for biological conversion of ammonia into nitrate, and the hydroponic system. After this process, water returned back to the fish tanks. Three varieties of lettuce, constituting the treatments with four repetitions were evaluated. The results of the chemical analysis of the residual water from the fish tanks indicated the presence of the majority of the mineral nutrients necessary for vegetable development. Their concentration was close to that found in nutrient solutions, used for lettuce hydroponic cultivation, except for potassium and magnesium. The low concentration of magnesium in the water did not prevent lettuce development, although the plants presented visual symptoms of deficiency of this nutrient. Differences were not found between the varieties produced, regarding productivity and the mean weight of fresh plants.

Crescimento de cultivares de mamoneira em função da aplicação de boro, durante a formação de mudas

It was objectified to quantify the initial growth of varieties of castor bean with boron fertilization. Had been tested to cultivate they AL-Guarani, Mirante 10 and Nordestina to the doses of 0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0 mg kg -1 of B in controlled environment of greenhouse in the Sector of Cafeicultura of the Department of Agriculture of the UFLA. The characteristics valued were: height of plants, length of roots, leaf number, diameter of stem, mass of dry substance (MS) of leafs, of stem, the root and total. To cultivate Mirante 10 it was the one that got minor growth of the system of root. For leaf number to cultivate AL-Guarani it was superior to Mirante 10 and Nordestina. Also to cultivate better AL-Guarani if it detached how much to the production of total mass of MS, while to cultivate Mirante 10 produced more mass of MS than Nordestina.

Utilização de componentes principais para analisar o comportamento do cafeeiro a pleno sol e sombreado

The aim of this work is to describe the behavior of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grown for nine years under organic management systems in full sun and shaded by banana trees (Musa sp.) and Erythrina verna Vell., in Valença, RJ. We performed a joint evaluation of vegetative characteristics, nutritional content and yield, with the aid of a principal component analysis. Twelve treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications in a split plot. The plots evaluated farming systems in full sun and shade, and the subplots consisted of the following varieties of coffee: Tupi IAC 1669-33, MG 6851, IAC 3282 Icatu, Catucaí 2SL, Obatã IAC 1669-20; lineage IAC IAC 144. After five years we assessed the following variables, height, stem and canopy diameter, leaf area, number of branches, number of nodes per branch, number of leaves present, the distance between nodes, the percentage of green,ripe and dried fruit, number of dead plants, number of plants with death of the apical bud, coffee yield, and foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. A multivariate analysis efficiently discriminates the variables in full sun and shaded cropping systems. Shading increases the percentage of green fruit, leaf area, height, diameter, distance between nodes, number of leaves on the branches, number of branches and leaf N content, but does not reduce the level of productivity when the shade is adequate.

Modelo agrometeorológico na estimativa da produtividade de duas variedades de café arábica considerando a variabilidade espacial

The purpose of this study was to estimate the varieties of coffee Arabic Catucáand Catuaí productivity, in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, through agrometeorological mathematical models, considering the spatial variability of productivity in the area. The samplings were georrefered building an irregular grid, totalizing 50 samplings per area. After that, geostatic analysis was made to quantify spatial dependence degree of the real values and the estimated productivity. According to the classification, the models superestimated the productivity for the two varieties.

A variedade léxica da língua espanhola em dicionários bilíngues espanhol-português para aprendizes brasileiros

Due to factors such as globalization and the demography of Hispanic countries, the Spanish language has influenced worldwide, especially since the last decade of the 20th century, mainly countries which are geographically close to Spanish American countries, such as Brazil. In this context, it is necessary to think of the linguistic variation of the Spanish language, in which we emphasize the lexical variation. As any language, Spanish has a colossal and wealthy lexicon with different varieties related to the characteristics from each region: history, culture, customs etc. This diversity influences the development, the amplification and the renewal of a language, as well as the teaching-learning process. Thus, we proposed to analyze the lexicon varieties of Spanish language entries in some Spanish-Portuguese bilingual dictionaries for Brazilian learners. In order to achieve this goal, we selected some examples of lexical variety in a corpus organized with texts of different textual genres and we verified if these lexical items are registered in the dictionaries chosen. As the corpus is organized from texts present in didactic manuals used in Brazil, our goal is to verify if the vocabulary which the Brazilian learner has contact in formal education is registered in the analyzed dictionaries.

Caracterização Tecnológica das Rochas Ornamentais do Maciço Capão Bonito, SP

The Capão Bonito Granitic Massif is situated in the south portion of the São Paulo State and represents an elongate body with general direction NE-SW, intrusive in epimetamorphic rocks of Açungui Group (Votuverava Formation), and in granitic rocks of the Três Córregos Complex. It is partially covered by sedimentary rocks of the Paraná Basin (Itararé Group). As the chief type we have red sienogranite, holo to leucocratic with biotite and rare hornblende, inequigranular with medium to coarse grains to porphiritic and isotropic to slightly cataclastic textures of marginal zones. This granite was analyzed for petrographics (composition, structure and texture), chemical composition (major elements), physical and mechanical (water absorption, resistance to abrasion, impact of hard body and efforts of compression and traction) and chemical attack aspects. The results were compared to suggested values for granitic rocks used for ornamental purposes. The whole massif shows compositional, textural, structural (related to isotropy) and chemical (major elements) characteristics very homogeneous. The varieties of sienogranite named commercially as Capão Bonito or Rubi Red Granite showed results very similar to each other, with some variations in the physical and mechanical resistance resulting of the penetrative brittle deformation of regional occurrence, evidenced by differences in the microfissural index.

Desenvolvimento, produtividade e composição bromatológica da primeira soqueira da cana-de-açúcar em função de fontes de fósforo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the development, yield and chemical composition of the first ratoon sugar cane, depending on the residual effect of phosphorus sources. The study was conducted in the municipality of Alta Floresta - MT. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 4x2, with four replications. The phosphorus sources were used: bone meal, Arad phosphate and triple superphosphate, and a control without the application of the nutrient. The varieties of sugar cane were planted IAC86-2480 and SP79-1011. We evaluated the plant height, stalk diameter, mass of a plant, number of stems, dry matter yield, P content of the plant and the chemical composition of the forage. The residual effect of fertilization, using different sources of phosphorus, no significant alterations in the development, yield and chemical composition of the first ratoon sugar cane, with little reduction in NDF and ADF when using the bone meal. The variety IAC86-2480 showed better results, providing a higher content of crude protein and phosphorus in the plant and increased production of dry mass.

Acúmulo de biomassa em variedades de cana-de-açúcar inoculadas com diferentes estirpes de bactérias diazotróficas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of inoculation with diazotrophs, applied both individually and in combination, in commercial varieties of sugarcane. The experiment was carried out at the experimental grounds of Embrapa Agrobiologia, in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with sub-divided plots and six replications. Six varieties of sugarcane with six treatments were used: control, control with nitrogen, inoculation of the individual strains: BR 11512, BR 11724 and BR 11411, in addition to inoculation with a cocktail consisting of five strains of diazotrophs. Differences were observed between varieties and between treatments, and an interaction observed between the treatments and varieties. For all the parameters evaluated, no response was observed in the sugarcane varieties RB855536 and RB92606. In the variety RB918639, the only difference was in the accumulation of green biomass. No difference was observed between the treatments for total nitrogen accumulation. The most responsive variety to inoculation was RB867515, differing in the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass. This study showed that inoculation promotes the accumulation of biomass, the contribution being different for the varieties and strains of bacteria, suggesting an interaction between the factors studied. The variety RB867515 is promising for use in studies of inoculation with diazotrophs.

Efeito residual de fontes de fósforo nos atributos químicos do solo, nutrição e produtividade de biomassa da cana-de-açúcar

In tropical regions, the residual effect of phosphate fertilizer source is of crucial importance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of application of P sources in chemical properties of soil, nutrition and productivity of sugarcane plant and during the first and second ratoon. The sources of P applied in furrows at planting were, triple superphosphate, Arad phosphate, bone meal (100 kg ha-1 P2O5 total) and a control without P, the varieties of sugarcane studied were IAC86-2480 and SP79-1011. A randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial was used, with four replications. The study was conducted in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT, Brazil, in Typic Hapludox. After each cutting, in soil P content, pH and Ca were evaluated. In the plant, the production of green and dry matter of shoots, the concentration of P in the biomass harvested, the export of P and agronomic efficiency of the sources of P were determined. The bone meal had a higher agronomic efficiency resulted in greater accumulation and export of P by crop, higher content of available Ca and P and increase soil pH. The Arad reactive phosphate increased its agronomic efficiency between crop cycles.