Secondary victimization of crime victims by criminal proceedings

It is conceivable that criminal proceedings cause psychological harm to the crime victims involved, that is, cause secondary victimization. To investigate this hypothesis, negative and positive effects of criminal proceedings were investigated, as perceived by 137 victims of violent crimes who were involved in trials several years previously. Trial outcome and procedure variables were measured as potential causes of secondary victimization. Results show a high proportion of victims reporting overall negative effects. Powerful predictors were outcome satisfaction and procedural justice, but not subjective punishment severity, interactional justice, and psychological stress by criminal proceedings. The practical implications of the results pertain to whether victims should be advised to report the crime to the police or not, and to appropriate prevention and intervention measures of secondary victimization by criminal proceedings.

Unity stronger than divisions. Ukraine's internal diversity. OSW Point of View Number 40, March 2014

Ukraine is deeply divided internally, although as a result of the changes that have taken place since its independence, the country’s internal divisions now have less and less to do with territorial divides, and the split into historical ‘sub-Ukraines’ has become less pronounced, especially for the younger generation. Ukraine is not a country of two competing regional identities, one in the west, the other in the east. The western identity, in which the unity of Ukraine is a key value, coexists with the multiple and diverse local patriotisms of the different regions in the east and the south of the country. The present protest movement has consolidated the country’s sense of unity. Its opponents have also been championing the indivisibility of Ukraine, even while they demanded a thorough decentralisation of the country, which was often mistaken for separatism. Russia has been stirring up separatist tendencies in Ukraine, but with little success. Crimea is an exception here, because in most respects it has remained unaffected by the dynamics of the social processes transforming mainland Ukraine – separatist tendencies are indeed deeply rooted in the peninsula.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.

Title on vol. t.p., 1905-1934: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing papers of a biological character.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Obituary notices are included in many of the volumes.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland

Mode of access: Internet.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.

1904-1931, 1939-1940 include Abstracts of the proceedings, no. 1-341 (bound at end of vol.).

Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.

Nos. have continuous pagination within volume, even when issued separately.

Proceedings of the ... annual sessions of the Texas Bar Association.

The 13th-21st include "Rules for the courts of Texas."

Museum work : including the Proceedings of the American Association of Museums /

Title from cover.

Proceedings of the Board of Supervisors of Orleans County.

Mode of access: Internet.

Governor and judges journal; proceedings of the Land board of Detroit;

Introduction.--Journal of the proceedings of the governor and judges of Michigan, acting as commissioners under an act of Congress entitled "An act to provide for the adjustment of titles of land in the town of Detroit and territory of Michigan ..." [Oct. 24, 1808-Feb. 5, 1821]--Appendix: Notes.--[Documents] copied from original papers in the City hall, Detroit [1806-1835]--Index.

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment

Mode of access: Internet.

Proceedings of the Board of Supervisors of the County of Schuyler

Title varies slightly.

Journal of proceedings of the ... annual encampment of the Sons of Veterans, U.S.A.

Mode of access: Internet.

Proceedings of the National Association of Elocutionists.

Mode of access: Internet.