1000 resultados para Tunteiden sosiologiaa I
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Serum- and/or- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 190 patients suffering from chronic, progressive neurological disease were screened for the presence of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) antibodies over a six-year period (1996 to 2001) in Belm, Par, Brazil. Patients were of both sexes (male subjects, 52%) with ages ranging from 2 to 79 years (mean, 35.9). Overall, 15 (7.9%) subjects - of whom 12 (80%) were female adults - reacted HTLV-I/II-seropositive when screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples from 14 of these patients were also analyzed using a recombinant Western blot (WB) assay that yielded HTLV-I-, HTLV-II-, and HTLV-I/II- reactivities for 10 (71.4%), 3 (21.4%) and 1 (7.2%) of them, respectively. The yearly rates of HTLV-I/II antibodies ranged from 2.6% (2001) to 21.7% (2000), with progressively increasing seropositivities from 1998 to 2000. Altogether, walking difficulty (n = 5 subjects), spasticity (n = 4) and leg weakness (n = 3) accounted for 80% of symptoms recorded among the 15 patients whose sera had antibodies to HTLV-I/II as detected by ELISA. These findings provide evidence that both HTLV-I and HTLV-II play a role in the development of chronic myelopathy in Belm, Par, Northern Brazil.
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Salmonella spp. are the etiologic agents of salmonellosis, a worldwide spread zoonoses causing foodborne outbreaks and clinical diseases. By serological identification, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- accounted for 8.8% of human and 1.6% of nonhuman Salmonella strains isolated in So Paulo State, during 1991-2000. A total of 28.6% of them amplified a fragment corresponding to H:1,2 (flagellar phase two) through PCR analysis and were further assigned as S. Typhimurium. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 36.3% of the 369 PCR-negative strains tested, including the multiresistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin.
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O Portuguese Acne Advisory Board (PAAB), grupo de dermatologistas portugueses que, semelhana de grupos congneres internacionais, tem dedicado particular ateno definio de linhas de orientao para o tratamento da acne, pretende que o presente documento constitua uma ferramenta til na abordagem dos doentes com esta patologia. Elaborou-se um dossier, para educao mdica contnua, subdividido em 2 partes: Parte I etiopatogenia e clnica; Parte II abordagem teraputica. Nesta Parte I, revem-se os principais aspectos da clnica e da fisiopatogenia da acne luz dos conhecimentos actuais. Discute-se a importncia do impacto psicolgico e social desta entidade e analisam-se os principais mitos e realidades com ela relacionados. Descrevem-se, sucintamente, as patologias mais relevantes no diagnstico diferencial das leses de acne. Enumeram-se as indicaes para estudo hormonal, bem como os exames a efectuar nos doentes com esta patologia.
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The ability to control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of the disease is regulated by host and viral factors. This cross-sectional study describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with HIV-1 infection in 1,061 subjects attended in Londrina and region, south of Brazil: 136 healthy individuals (Group 1), 147 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected individuals (Group 2), 161 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients (Group 3), and 617 patients with AIDS (Group 4). Data were obtained by a standardized questionnaire and serological tests. The age of the individuals ranged from 15.1 to 79.5 years, 54.0% and 56.1% of the Groups 3 and 4 patients, respectively, were men. The major features of groups 2, 3, and 4 were a predominance of education level up to secondary school (55.8%, 60.2% and 62.4%, respectively), sexual route of exposure (88.4%, 87.0% and 82.0%, respectively), heterosexual behavior (91.8%, 75.2% and 83.7%, respectively), and previous sexually transmitted diseases (20.4%, 32.5%, and 38.1%, respectively). The patients with AIDS showed the highest rates of seropositivity for syphilis (25.6%), of anti-HCV (22.3%), and anti-HTLV I/II obtained by two serological screening tests (6.2% and 6.8%, respectively). The results documenting the predominant characteristics for HIV-1 infection among residents of Londrina and region, could be useful for the improvement of current HIV-1 prevention, monitoring and therapeutic programs targeted at this population.
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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 163 Issue WM6
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Dissertao apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessrios obteno do grau de Mestre em Antropologia Culturas em Cena e Turismo
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Dissertao apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessrios obteno do grau de Mestre em Antropologia Cultura Material e Consumos,
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Dissertao apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessrios obteno do grau de Mestre em Cincias da Informao e da Documentao
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Limited and contradictory information exists regarding the prognosis of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection. Our goal was to estimate the effect of HTLV-I infection on mortality in HIV-infected patients at a HIV reference center in Peru. We studied a retrospective cohort of HIV-infected patients, who were exposed or unexposed to HTLV-I. Exposed patients were Western Blot (WB) positive for both retroviruses. Unexposed patients were WB positive for HIV, and had least one negative EIA for HTLV-I. These were selected among patients who entered our Program immediately before and after each exposed patient, between January 1990 and June 2004. Survival time was considered between the diagnosis of exposure to HTLV-I and death or censoring. Confounding variables were age, gender, baseline HIV clinical stage, baseline CD4+ T cell count, and antiretroviral therapy. We studied 50 exposed, and 100 unexposed patients. Exposed patients had a shorter survival compared to unexposed patients [median survival: 47 months (95% CI: 17-77) vs. 85 months (95% CI: 70-100), unadjusted p = 0.06]. Exposed patients had a higher rate of mortality compared to unexposed patients (HIV/HTLV-I (24/50 [48%]) vs. HIV only (37/100 [37%]), univariable p = 0.2]. HTLV-I exposure was not associated to a higher risk of death in the adjusted analysis: HR: 1.2 (0.4-3.5). AIDS clinical stage and lack of antiretroviral therapy were associated to a higher risk of dying. In conclusions, HTLV-I infection was not associated with a higher risk of death in Peruvian HIV-infected patients. Advanced HIV infection and lack of antiretroviral therapy may explain the excess of mortality in this population.
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O presente trabalho tem como tema a Troca Electrnica de Dados (Electronic Data Interchange EDI) transferncia de dados estruturados, respeitando mensagens normalizadas estabelecidas, computador a computador, por meios electrnicos. Trocas entre computadores refere-se a trocas entre aplicaes informticas: por exemplo o sistema de encomendas envia ordens ao sistema central de controlo da produo, o qual ento far o envio da respectiva factura. O EDI aberto faz a troca electrnica de dados entre parceiros autnomos que se associaram para fazerem trocas de dados estruturados que so destinados a serem processados por programas de aplicaes.
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Background: Children with Gaucher disease type I (GD1) are usually treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) at a dose of 30-60U/Kg/2W. Recently, due to an acute shortage supply of imiglucerase, a reduced dose or a reduced infusion frequency was recommended. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a reduced infusion frequency of imiglucerase over 15 months of follow-up. Patients and Methods: Three patients (1M:2F) were treated with ERT since a median age of 7 years (range 5-12). Only one had bone crisis and Erlenmeyer deformations. Median duration of treatment before dose reduction was 3 years (range 1-8). ERT resulted in total regression of symptoms, normalization of hematological parameters and progressive improvement of chitotriosidase in all patients. In August 2009 infusion schedule was changed from a media 45U/Kg every two weeks to every four weeks. Results: All patients remained asymptomatic and with no major change on hematological parameters except for the patient with bone crisis who presented subnormal platelet count. All patients showed an upward trend in chitotriosidase values. Comments: Although a longer follow-up is needed, is probable that even children completely stabilized can probably not be kept on lower doses even though the reduction of frequency of the infusions represent a lower social burden.
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Dissertao para obteno do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomdica
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Aim: To characterise clinically the patients with C4d in peritubular capillaries deposits (C4dPTCD) and/or circulating anti-HLA class I/II alloantibodies. To determine the correlation between positive C4dPTCD and circulating anti-HLA class I/II alloantibodies during episodes of graft dysfunction. Subjects and Methods: C4d staining was performed in biopsies with available frozen tissue obtained between January 2004 and December 2006. The study was prospective from March 2005, when a serum sample was obtained at the time of biopsy to detect circulating anti-HLA class I/II alloantibodies. Results: We studied 109 biopsies in 86 cadaver renal transplant patients. Sixteen of these (14.7%) presented diffuse positive C4dPTCD. There was a 13.5% rate of +C4dPTCD incidence within the first six months of transplantation and 16% after six months (p>0.05). Half of the +C4dPTCD in the first six months was associated with acute humoral rejection. After six months, the majority of +C4dPTCD (n=7/8) was present in biopsies with evidence of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy and/or transplant glomerulopathy. The C4dPTCD was more frequent in patients with positive anti-HCV antibodies(p<0.0001), a previous renal transplant (p=0.007), and with a panel reactivity antibody (PRA) 50%(p=0.0098). The anti-HCV+ patients had longer time on dialysis (p=0.0019) and higher PRA(p=0.005). Circulating anti-HLA I/II alloantibodies were screened in 46 serum samples. They were positive in 10.9% of samples, all obtained after six months post transplant. Circulating alloantibodies were absent in 92.5% of the C4d negative biopsies. Conclusion: We found an association between the presence of C4dPTCD and 2nd transplant recipients,higher PRA and the presence of anti-HCV antibodies. The presence of HCV antibodies is not a risk factor for C4dPTCD per se, but appears to reflect longer time on dialysis and presensitisation. In renal dysfunction a negative alloantibody screening is associated with a reduced risk of C4dPTCD (<10%).
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RESUMO: Os biomarcadores tumorais permitem identificar os doentes com maior risco de recorrncia da doena, predizer a resposta tumoral teraputica e, finalmente, definir candidatos a novos alvos teraputicos. Novos biomarcadores so especialmente necessrios na abordagem clnica dos linfomas. Actualmente, esses tumores so diagnosticados atravs de uma combinao de caractersticas morfolgicas, fenotpicas e moleculares, mas o prognstico e o planeamento teraputico esto quase exclusivamente dependentes de caractersticas clnicas. Estes factores clnicos so, na maioria dos linfomas, insuficientes numa proporo significativa dos doentes, em particular, aqueles com pior prognstico. O linfoma folicular (LF) , globalmente, o segundo subtipo mais comum de linfoma. tipicamente uma doena indolente com uma sobrevida mdia entre os 8 e 12 anos, mas geralmente fatal quando se transforma num linfoma agressivo de alto grau, habitualmente o linfoma difuso de grandes clulas B (LDGCB). Morfologicamente e funcionalmente, as clulas do LF recapitulam as clulas normais do centro germinativo na sua dependncia de sobrevivncia do microambiente no-tumoral, especialmente das clulas do sistema imunolgico. Biomarcadores preditivos de transformao no existem pelo que um melhor conhecimento da biologia intrnseca de progresso do LF poder revelar novos candidatos. Nesta tese descrevo duas abordagens distintas para a descoberta de novos biomarcadores. A primeira, o estudo da expresso global de genes ('genomics') obtidos por tcnicas de alto rendimento que analisam todo o genoma humano sequenciado, permitindo identificar novas anomalias genticas que possam representar mecanismos biolgicos importantes de transformao. So descritos novos genes e alteraes genmicas associados transformao do LF, sendo especialmente relevantes as relacionadas com os eventos iniciais de transformao em LDGCB. A segunda, baseou-se em vrias hipteses centradas no microambiente do LF, rico em vrios tipos de clulas nomalignas. Os estudos imunoarquitectural de macrfagos, clulas T regulatrias e densidade de microvasos efectuado em biopsias de diagnstico de doentes com LF tratados uniformemente correlacionaram-se significativamente, e independentemente dos critrios clnicos, com a evoluo clnica e, mais importante, com o risco de transformao em LDGCB. Nesta tese, foram preferencialmente utilizadas (e optimizadas) tcnicas que permitam o uso de amostras fixadas em parafina e formalina (FFPET). Estas so facilmente acessveis a partir das biopsias de diagnstico de rotina presentes nos arquivos de todos os departamentos de patologia, facilitando uma transio rpida dos novos marcadores para a prtica clnica. Embora o FL fosse o tema principal da tese, os novos achados permitiram estender facilmente hipteses semelhantes a outros subtipos de linfoma. Assim, so propostos e validados vrios biomarcadores promissores e relacionados com o microambiente no tumoral, sobretudo dependentes das clulas do sistema imunolgico, como contribuintes importantes para a biologia dos linfomas. Estes sugerem novas opes para a abordagem clnica destas doenas e, eventualmente, novos alvos teraputicos.------------- ABSTRACT: Cancer biomarkers provide an opportunity to identify those patients most at risk for disease recurrence, predict which tumours will respond to different therapeutic approaches and ultimately define candidate biomarkers that may serve as targets for personalized therapy. New biomarkers are especially needed in the management of lymphoid cancers. At present, these tumours are diagnosed using a combination of morphologic, phenotypic and molecular features but prognosis and overall survival are mostly dependent on clinical characteristics. In most lymphoma types, these imprecisely assess a significant proportion of patients, in particular, those with very poor outcomes. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common lymphoma subtype worldwide. It is typically an indolent disease with current median survivals in the range of 8-12 years, but is usually fatal when it transforms into an aggressive high-grade lymphoma, characteristically Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Morphologically and functionally it recapitulates the normal cells of the germinal center with its survival dependency on non-malignant immune and immunerelated cells. Informative markers of transformation related to the intrinsic biology of FL progression are needed. Within this thesis two separate approaches to biomarker discovery were employed. The first was to study the global expression of genes (genomics) obtained using high-throughput, wholegenome-wide approaches that offered the possibility for discovery of new genetic abnormalities that might represent the important biological mechanisms of transformation. Gene signatures associated with early events of transformation were found. Another approach relied on hypothesis-driven concepts focusing upon the microenvironment, rich in several non-malignant cell types. The immunoarchitectural studies of macrophages, regulatory T cells and microvessel density on diagnostic biopsies of uniformly treated FL patients significantly predicted clinical outcome and, importantly, also informed on the risk of transformation. Techniques that enabled the use of routine formalin fixed paraffin embedded diagnostic specimens from the pathology department archives were preferentially used in this thesis with the goal of fulfilling a rapid bench-to-beside translation for these new findings. Although FL was the main subject of the thesis the new findings and hypotheses allowed easy transition into other lymphoma types. Several promising biomarkers were proposed and validated including the implication of several non-neoplastic immune cells as important contributors to lymphoma biology, opening new options for better treatment planning and eventually new therapeutic targets and candidate therapeutics.