Hotel and Restaurant Entry-Level Job Competencies: Comparisons of Management and Worker Perceptions

This article presents the findings of a central Florida study of lodging and restaurant managers as well as entry-level workers who were graduates of hospitality management programs. It provides a theoretical construct as a basis of the methodology employed. The article then reports the findings of perceptions of desired knowledge, skills and abilities, and attitudes associated with entry-level employees. It further compares desired levels of preparation for entry-level positions in the industry as reported by respondents of both groups. Finally, the authors present conclusions and implications for central Florida practitioners and educators.

Competencies of a Recreational Food Service Manager

Recreational food service is a newly-identified industry segment. It represents over 3 percent of the total industry and has its own specific competency requirements, in addition to core food service management competency needs. The education, training, and development needs for professionals in this industry segment have not as yet been ascertained. This article is an effort to establish a benchmark for future research in this area.

Perceptions of beginning teachers in Florida regarding their preparation as it relates to the Florida essential generic competencies

The purpose of the study is to investigate how beginning teachers in the state of Florida perceive their preparation to demonstrate the 27 Florida Essential Generic Competencies. The basic research question of this study was: How do beginning teachers perceive their level of preparation regarding their implementation of the Florida Essential Generic Competencies? This study identified and categorized the perceived degree of preparation for each of the competencies. Also, elementary, middle, and high school beginning teachers were compared to find significant differences and similarities in their perception of their preparation. A comparison was also done for graduates from in-state versus out-of-state and private versus public institutions. A survey developed in collaboration with the Department of Education, Florida State University, members of the Professional Orientation Program (POP) Coordinators, and the Project Director of Program Review in the College of Education at the University of South Florida, was sent to 5,076 beginning teachers. A total of 1,995 returned the survey in February of 1993. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) procedure was used (Alpha = .05). Statistical analysis of the data involved a comparison of the different groups of beginning teachers by school level and kind of graduating institutions. The dependent variables analyzed were the responses to all items representing the generic competencies. The study identified and categorized the degree of preparation for each competency. The competencies receiving the lowest ratings for degree of preparation were: integrate computers in instruction; manage situations involving child abuse and/or neglect; severe emotional stress; alcohol and drug abuse. The Wilkes lambda and the Hotellings multivariate tests of significance were used to examine the differences among the groups. The competency items were further analyzed by a univariate F test. Results indicated that: (1) significant differences were found in nine competency items in which elementary teachers felt better prepared than middle and high school beginning teachers, (2) graduates from a Florida teacher education program felt they were better prepared in demonstrating the competencies than those from out-of-state schools, and (3) no significant difference was found in the perceptions of those who graduated from public versus private institutions. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made: (1) Florida's institutions responsible for teacher preparation programs need to focus on those competencies receiving the lowest ratings, (2) Districts should provide an orientation program for out-of-state beginning teachers, and (3) The survey instrument should be used annually to evaluate teacher education programs.

Análise do perfil de encaminhamento da atenção primária para pré-natal de alto risco: desafios para o ensino de competências em saúde materno-infantil

OBJECTIVE: to identify a profile of the main causes of inappropriate referrals from primary care to specialized services, as strategy for the curriculum development of core competencies related to maternal health. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was performed using document analysis of all referrals of pregnant women from primary care to the high-risk pregnancy service, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. All pregnant women referred from June to December 2014 (n = 771) were included. According to their causes the referrals were categorized as adequate, inadequate or inconclusive. RESULTS: a total of 188 referrals were classified as inadequate (24.4%) and 93 inconclusive (12.1%) totalizing 36.5% of inappropriate referrals. The main causes identified in these inappropriate referrals were: low-risk pregnancy (12.8%), unconfirmed hypertension (12.1%), risk of abortion (8.9%), teenage pregnancy (7.1%) , toxoplasmosis (5.3%), Rh incompatibility (4.6%) and urinary tract infection (4.3%). These data contributed to the formulation of the following products: 1) a continuing education program for health professionals working in primary care, undergraduate students and residents; and 2) development of a virtual platform to support professionals who need to refer patients to high-risk pregnancy service. CONCLUSION: the results of this study are relevant in the current context of education of health professionals, with potential for positively impact not only in the development of skills related to maternal health in undergraduate and graduate education, as well as contributing for improvement of the health care of the population.

A realist synthesis of educational interventions to improve nutrition care competencies and delivery by doctors and other healthcare professionals

Objective: To determine what, how, for whom, why, and in what circumstances educational interventions to improve the delivery of nutrition care by doctors and other healthcare professionals work?

Design: Realist synthesis following a published protocol and reported following Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) guidelines. A multidisciplinary team searched Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, PsyINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for published and unpublished (grey) literature. The team identified studies with varied designs; appraised their ability to answer the review question; identified relationships between contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMOs); and entered them into a spreadsheet configured for the purpose. The final synthesis identified commonalities across CMO configurations.

Results: Over half of the 46 studies from which we extracted data originated from the US. Interventions that improved the delivery of nutrition care improved skills and attitudes rather than just knowledge; provided opportunities for superiors to model nutrition care; removed barriers to nutrition care in health systems; provided participants with local, practically relevant tools and messages; and incorporated non-traditional, innovative teaching strategies. Operating in contexts where student and qualified healthcare professionals provided nutrition care in both developed and developing countries, these interventions yielded health outcomes by triggering a range of mechanisms, which included: feeling competent; feeling confident and comfortable; having greater self-efficacy; being less inhibited by barriers in healthcare systems; and feeling that nutrition care was accepted and recognised.

Conclusion: These findings show how important it is to move education for nutrition care beyond the simple acquisition of knowledge. They show how educational interventions embedded within systems of healthcare can improve patients’ health by helping health students and professionals to appreciate the importance of delivering nutrition care and feel competent to deliver it.

Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal sobre la situación de la discapacidad en el municipio de Cuenca: informe final

El presente “Estudio Observacional Descriptivo Transversal sobre la situación de la discapacidad en el municipio de Cuenca” ha sido realizado por el Grupo de Innovación y Evaluación en Servicios Sociales (GIESS) de la Facultad de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, financiado por el Ayuntamiento de Cuenca, mediante Convenio I+D, en el marco del Consejo Municipal de Integración. Dado que en la ciudad de Cuenca no existe ninguna investigación que especifique las cifras reales y cuáles son las características de las personas con discapacidad, se realizó este estudio (desde el mes de mayo del año 2015, hasta el mes de abril del año 2016) con el objetivo general de conocer la realidad de la situación de las personas con discapacidad y sus familias en dicha ciudad, a través de metodología de investigación cuantitativa, midiendo variables sociodemográficas y de calidad de vida, con el propósito de mejorar el conocimiento del colectivo a fin de establecer políticas públicas y acciones concretas orientadas a mejorar su calidad de vida.

Correlación entre la discrepancia maxilar transversal y la inclinación de los primeros molares permanentes

El crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial permite que algunos alteraciones dentales sean compensadas con respuestas maxilares. El propósito de éste estudio fue relacionar la discrepancia maxilo-mandibular en sentido transversal con las inclinaciones bucolingual de los primeros molares permanentes maxilares y mandibulares en una población de 10 a 16 años por medio de tomografías computarizadas de haz de cono (CBCT).

Assessing a Methodological Proposal for the Design, Creation and Evaluation of Learning Objects Oriented to Educators with Diverse Educational and Technological Competencies

This paper describes a methodological proposal for the design, creation and evaluation of Learning Objects (LOs). This study arises from the compilation and analysis of several LO design methodologies currently used in Ibero-America. This proposal, which has been named DICREVOA, defines five different phases: analysis, design (instructional and multimedia), implementation (LO and metadata), evaluation (from the perspective of both the producer and the consumer of the LO), and publishing. The methodology focuses not only on the teaching inexperienced, but also on those having a basic understanding of the technological and educational aspects related to LO design; therefore, the study emphasizes LO design activities centered around the Kolb cycle and the use of the ExeLearning tool in order to implement the LO core. Additionally, DICREVOA was used in a case study, which demonstrates how it provides a feasible mechanism for LO design and implementation within different contexts. Finally, DICREVOA, the case study to which it was applied, and the results obtained are presented

Investimento na vida pessoal da pessoa idosa institucionalizada

Enquadramento: Nas últimas décadas, tem-se assistido a um envelhecimento populacional crescente e a um progressivo aumento da institucionalização dos idosos. A institucionalização representa frequentemente para o idoso uma rutura com o seu passado, levando à perda da sua individualidade e consequentemente a um processo de isolamento que poderá contribuir para níveis elevados de insatisfação com a vida. O Investimento na vida pessoal remete-nos para a valorização e atribuição de objetivos de vida ao ser humano, naquela que é a última etapa da sua vida, em todos os seus atributos e caraterísticas, inclusive na sua complexa estrutura física, intelectual e espiritual. Objetivos: Avaliar o nível de Investimento na vida pessoal percecionado pelos idosos institucionalizados e analisar a sua relação com as variáveis socio demográficas, clínicas, e psicossociais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo não experimental, transversal, descritivo-correlacional e de caráter quantitativo, que foi realizado numa amostra não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 90 pessoas idosas a residir nas ERPI do concelho de Vila Nova de Paiva. Para a mensuração das variáveis utilizou-se um instrumento de colheita de dados que integra uma secção de caraterização sócio demográfica, e uma secção de caraterização clínico-funcional (índice de Barthel), caraterização familiar (Escala de Apgar Familiar) e situacional, lazer (Índice de Atividades de Lazer), espiritualidade (Escala da Espiritualidade), perceção da vida atual (Escala de Satisfação com a Vida) e futura, e por fim a Escala de Avaliação de Investimento na Vida Pessoal. Resultados: Os dados mostram que a perceção dos idosos sobre o investimento na sua vida pessoal se distribui de uma forma relativamente equitativa por três níveis. Contudo, o maior grupo percentual (37,8%) perceciona o seu investimento como elevado, enquanto 32,2% o entende como baixo e o grupo mais reduzido (30,0%) o considera moderado. A análise por género mostra que os homens tendem a avaliar o investimento de uma forma mais positiva que as mulheres; também os idosos com habilitações académicas superiores (p= 0,041) e com maior nível de independência funcional (p= 0,037) são os que percecionam um maior investimento na vida pessoal. Constatamos ainda que a família tem um efeito significativo (p= 0,020) no nível do investimento na vida do idoso, à semelhança da existência de mais esperança (p= 0,002), maior satisfação com a vida (p= 0,013) e do desenvolvimento de planos para o futuro (p= 0,032). Conclusão: As evidências encontradas neste estudo mostram que há níveis diferenciados de Investimento na vida pessoal entre os idosos. Este Investimento correlaciona-se de forma significativa com diversas variáveis independentes que depois de devidamente identificadas devem ser promovidas para assegurar aos idosos um envelhecimento ativo e com qualidade. As competências atribuídas ao enfermeiro especialista em reabilitação são de uma mais-valia inegualável no desenvolvimento do referido envelhecimento com qualidade, quando inserido numa equipa multidisciplinar, nas Estruturas Residenciais Para Idosos. Palavras-chave: idosos, institucionalização, satisfação com a vida, investimento na vida pessoal.

Preliminary assessment of the numerical competencies of children from a public preschool and kindergarten in Cuenca

Existe abundante evidencia de que los niños pequeños son capaces de desarrollar un conocimiento matemático y que las destrezas aritméticas de estos niños son predictores de su desempeño académico futuro. También existe un acuerdo común de que la calidad de la educación matemática inicial tiene una importante influencia en el aprendizaje posterior de los niños. En Ecuador hay escasos estudios sobre las competencias matemáticas tempranas de los niños y sobre su enseñanza. Por ello, se inició un estudio para (1) evaluar las competencias numéricas de los niños de pre-escolar y kindergarten (primero de básica) que asisten a una escuela pública de Cuenca, con el objetivo de analizar críticamente su pensamiento y razonamiento numérico; y (2) examinar las prácticas y creencias de los profesores con relación a la enseñanza de la matemática y a las competencias matemáticas de los niños. La aplicación del Test de Conocimiento Numérico (Griffin, 2005) demostró que la mayoría de los niños participantes no habían desarrollado habilidades numéricas básicas. Adicionalmente, los profesores expresaron una fuerte creencia de que los niños pequeños no son capaces de tener un pensamiento matemático. Como consecuencia, las actividades matemáticas que realizan los niños y profesores son desarrolladas de manera insuficiente. Las implicaciones científicas y prácticas de estos resultados son discutidas.

Conceito Transversal de Competência como Elemento Estruturante da Organização

O ser humano é, desde sempre, caracterizado por um elevado sentido de competitividade perante o meio que o rodeia. O gregarismo é igualmente sua característica intrínseca. Por essas razões, desde os primórdios da sua existência, procura juntar-se aos seus semelhantes que partilhem uma mesma visão sobre um determinado conjunto de objetivos que almejam, em grupo, atingir, formando dessa forma Organizações. Para que esses objetivos sejam cumpridos com a maior eficiência possível, as Organizações desenvolvem continuamente mecanismos e ferramentas que lhes permitam selecionar os indivíduos mais capazes de entre os que pretendem contribuir para a sua missão. As competências e a gestão de competências são amplamente aceites na comunidade científica como sendo ferramentas fundamentais para a gestão de recursos humanos nas Organizações inseridas na sociedade do novo século, pelo facto de conseguirem garantir a alocação dos elementos mais capazes para cada uma das posições organizacionais existentes. Apesar das vantagens associadas àquelas ferramentas, a Força Aérea (FA) ainda não as utiliza de uma forma transversal, não estando sequer o conceito de competência definido de forma inequívoca e estandardizada nos manuais da Organização. Recorrendo aos princípios e mecanismos de Engenharia Organizacional (EO) e aos conhecimentos na área das competências existentes na literatura, este trabalho procura colmatar essa lacuna, através do desenvolvimento de um conceito transversal de competência para a FA, que se desdobra numa proposta de definição de competência transversal para a Organização, uma roda de competências transversais e a elaboração de um perfil de competências. Desta forma, pretende-se com a presente investigação dar um contributo para a introdução em definitivo do conceito de competência na Organização, aumentando-se dessa forma a Organizational Self-Awareness e a qualidade do produto gerado.