Um metamodelo da linguagem de modelagem real time UML, de suporte à criação de dicionário de dados para ferramentas de modelagem de sistema tempo real, visando a verificação de consistência dos modelos

A computação de tempo real é uma das áreas mais desafiadoras e de maior demanda tecnológica da atualidade. Está diretamente ligada a aplicações que envolvem índices críticos de confiabilidade e segurança. Estas características, inerentes a esta área da computação, vêm contribuindo para o aumento da complexidade dos sistemas tempo real e seu conseqüente desenvolvimento. Isto fez com que mecanismos para facilitar especificação, delimitação e solução de problemas passem a ser itens importantes para tais aplicações. Este trabalho propõe mecanismos para atuarem no desenvolvimento de sistemas de tempo real, com o objetivo de serem empregados como ferramenta de apoio no problema da verificação de presença de inconsistências, que podem vir a ocorrer nos vários modelos gerados partir da notação da linguagem de modelagem gráfica para sistemas de tempo real - UML-RT(Unified Modeling Language for Real Time). Estes mecanismos foram projetados através da construção de um metamodelo dos conceitos presentes nos diagramas de classe, de objetos, de seqüência, de colaboração e de estados. Para construir o metamodelo, utiliza-se a notação do diagrama de classes da UML (Unified Modeling Language). Contudo, por intermédio das representações gráficas do diagrama de classes não é possível descrever toda a semântica presente em tais diagramas. Assim, regras descritas em linguagem de modelagem OCL (Object Constraint Language) são utilizadas como um formalismo adicional ao metamodelo. Com estas descrições em OCL será possível a diminuição das possíveis ambigüidades e inconsistências, além de complementar as limitações impostas pelo caráter gráfico da UML. O metamodelo projetado é mapeado para um modelo Entidade&Relacionamento. A partir deste modelo, são gerados os scripts DDL (Data Definition Language) que serão usados na criação do dicionário de dados, no banco de dados Oracle. As descrições semânticas escritas através de regras em OCL são mapeadas para triggers, que disparam no momento em que o dicionário de dados é manipulado. O MET Editor do SiMOO-RT é a ferramenta diagramática que faz o povoamento dos dados no dicionário de dados. SiMOO-RT é uma ferramenta orientada a objetos para a modelagem, simulação e geração automática de código para sistemas de tempo real.

Uma Abordagem de escalonamento adaptativo no ambiente Real-Time CORBA

CORBA vem se tornando o middleware padrão no desenvolvimento de aplicações distribuídas, tornando-as independentes de plataforma e linguagem. Ele tem sido utilizado também em aplicações de tempo real através de sua extensão para tempo real, o RT-CORBA. Apesar desta extensão ter conseguido reduzir vários dos problemas do CORBA no que se refere ao não-determinismo e falta de garantias temporais, ainda há muito estudo na área de mecanismos de escalonamento utilizados. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de escalonamento adaptativo no ambiente Real-Time CORBA. Nesta proposta o período das tarefas é controlado, variando dentro de uma faixa pré-estabelecida com o propósito de reduzir o atraso médio das tarefas da aplicação.

The Effect of a Supragingival Plaque-Control Regimen on the Subgingival Microbiota in Smokers and Never-Smokers: Evaluation by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Modelling the dynamics of dengue real epidemics

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Periodontal status in smokers and never-smokers: Clinical findings and real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of putative periodontal pathogens

Background: Smoking is a well-known risk factor for destructive periodontal disease, but its relationship with periodontal status and subgingival microbiota remains unclear. Inherent limitations of microbiological methods previously used may partly explain these mixed results, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been presented as a valid alternative. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical condition and microbiological profile of patients with chronic periodontitis as related to the habit of smoking.Methods: Fifty patients (33 to 59 years old), 25 smokers and 25 never-smokers, constituted the sample. The visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume were recorded. Real-time PCR quantified Porphyromonas gingivalis, Micromonas micros, Dialister pneumosintes, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and total bacteria in subgingival samples.Results: Smokers and never-smokers showed similar values for VPI, GBI, and BOP. Smokers had deeper PD in buccal/lingual sites and higher CAL independently of the tooth surface. The GCF volume was smaller in smokers, independent of the PD. Similar amounts of total bacteria and P. gingivalis were observed for both groups. Significantly higher numbers of D. pneumosintes and M. micros were present in smokers and associated with moderate and deep pockets. When heavy smokers were considered, higher counts of total bacteria, M. micros, and D. pneumosintes were observed.Conclusions: Smoking seems to have a detrimental impact on the periodontal status and microbiological profile of patients with periodontitis. Compared to never-smokers, smokers had deeper pockets, greater periodontal destruction, and higher counts of some putative periodontal pathogens.

Comparação entre as técnicas de RT-PCR e inoculação intracerebral em camundongos para detecção do vírus da raiva em amostras mantidas por longos períodos em diferentes estados de conservação

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Desenvolvimento da técnica de RT-PCR-ELISA para a detecção do vírus da bronquite infecciosa das aves (VBI)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da microbiota presente na mucosa intestinal de frangos de corte alimentados com ração à base de milho ou sorgo através de PCR em tempo real

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

RT-PCR for confirmation of echovirus 30 isolated in Belém, Brazil

Echovirus (Echo) 30 or human enterovirus B is the most frequent enterovirus associated with meningitis cases. Epidemics and outbreaks of this disease caused by Echo 30 have occurred in several countries. In Brazil, Echo 30 has been isolated from sporadic cases and outbreaks that occurred mainly in the south and southeast regions. We used RT-PCR to examine Echo 30 isolates from meningitis cases detected from March 2002 to December 2003 in Belém, state of Pará, in northern Brazil. The patients were attended in a Basic Health Unit (State Health Secretary of Pará), where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected and stored in liquid nitrogen. Weekly visits were made by technicians from Evandro Chagas Institute to the health unit and samples were stored at -70ºC in the laboratory until use. HEp-2 and RD cell lines were used for viral isolation and neutralization with specific antisera for viral identification. RNA extraction was made using Trizol reagent. The RT-PCR was made in one step, and the total mixture (50 µL) was composed of: RNA, reaction buffer, dNTP, primers, Rnase inhibitor, reverse transcriptase, Taq polymerase and water. The products were visualized in agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide, visualized under UV light. Among the 279 CSF samples examined, 30 (10.7%) were EV positive, 29 being Echo 30 and one was Cox B. Nineteen Echo 30 were examined with RT-PCR; 18 tested positive (762 and 494 base pairs). The use of this technique permitted viral identification in less time than usual, which benefits the patient and is of importance for public-health interventions.

Presence of infectious agents and co-infections in diarrheic dogs determined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based panel

Background: Infectious diarrhea can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoan organisms, or a combination of these. The identification of co-infections in dogs is important to determine the prognosis and to plan strategies for their treatment and prophylaxis. Although many pathogens have been individually detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a comprehensive panel of agents that cause diarrhea in privately owned dogs has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to use a real-time PCR diarrhea panel to survey the frequencies of pathogens and co-infections in owned dogs attended in a veterinary hospital with and without diarrhea, as well the frequency in different countries. Feces samples were tested for canine distemper virus, canine coronavirus, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin (CPA), Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., and Salmonella spp. using molecular techniques.Results: In total, 104 diarrheic and 43 control dogs that were presented consecutively at a major private veterinary hospital were included in the study. Overall, 71/104 (68.3%) dogs with diarrhea were positive for at least one pathogen: a single infection in 39/71 dogs (54.9%) and co-infections in 32/71 dogs (45.1%), including 21/32 dogs (65.6%) with dual, 5/32 (15.6%) with triple, and 6/32 (18.8%) with quadruple infections. In the control group, 13/43 (30.2%) dogs were positive, all with single infections only. The most prevalent pathogens in the diarrheic dogs were CPA (40/104 dogs, 38.5%), CPV-2 (36/104 dogs, 34.6%), and Giardia spp. (14/104 dogs, 13.5%). CPV-2 was the most prevalent pathogen in the dual co-infections, associated with CPA, Cryptosporidium spp., or Giardia spp. No statistical difference (P = 0.8374) was observed in the duration of diarrhea or the number of deaths (P = 0.5722) in the presence or absence of single or co-infections.Conclusions: Diarrheic dogs showed a higher prevalence of pathogen infections than the controls. Whereas the healthy dogs had only single infections, about half the diarrheic dogs had co-infections. Therefore, multiple pathogens should be investigated in dogs presenting with diarrhea. The effects of multiple pathogens on the disease outcomes remain unclear because the rate of death and the duration of diarrhea did not seem to be affected by these factors.

Assessment of a quantitative 5' nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG) for Bartonella species in domiciled and stray cats in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Collaborazione real-time in una piattaforma web di sviluppo software

La diffusione dei servizi cloud ha spinto anche il mondo degli IDE verso questa direzione. Recentemente si sta assistendo allo spostamento degli IDE da ambienti desktop ad ambienti Web. Questo è determinante per quanto riguarda gli aspetti legati alla collaborazione perchè permette di sfruttare tutti i vantaggi del cloud per dotare questi sistemi di chat, integrazione con i social network, strumenti di editing condiviso e molte altre funzionalità collaborative. Questi IDE sono detti browser-based in quanto i servizi che mettono a disposizione sono accessibili via Web tramite un browser. Ne esistono di diversi tipi e con caratteristiche molto diverse tra di loro. Alcuni sono semplici piattaforme sulle quali è possibile effettuare test di codice o utilizzare tutorial forniti per imparare nuovi linguaggi di programmazione; altri invece sono ambienti di sviluppo completi dotati delle più comuni funzionalità presenti in un IDE desktop, oltre a quelle specifiche legate al Web. Dallo studio di questi ambienti di sviluppo di nuova generazione è emerso che sono pochi quelli che dispongono di un sistema di collaborazione completo e che non tutti sfruttano le nuove tecnologie che il Web mette a disposizione. Per esempio, alcuni sono dotati di editor collaborativi, ma non offrono un servizio di chat ai collaboratori; altri mettono a disposizione una chat e il supporto per la scrittura simultanea di codice, ma non sono dotati di sistemi per la condivisione del display. Dopo l'analisi dei pregi e dei difetti della collaborazione fornita dagli strumenti presi in considerazione ho deciso di realizzare delle funzionalità collaborative inserendomi nel contesto di un IDE browser-based chiamato InDe RT sviluppato dall'azienda Pro Gamma SpA.

Real-time polymerase chain-reaction detection of pathogens is feasible to supplement the diagnostic sequence for urinary tract infections

To evaluate, in a prospective pilot study, the feasibility of identifying pathogens in urine using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to compare the results with the conventional urine culture-based procedures.

Comparison of real-time polymerase chain reaction and DNA-strip technology in microbiological evaluation of periodontitis treatment

The impact of a semiquantitative commercially available test based on DNA-strip technology (microIDent®, Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany) on diagnosis and treatment of severe chronic periodontitis of 25 periodontitis patients was evaluated in comparison with a quantitative in-house real-time PCR. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline as well as at 3, 6, and 12 months later. After extracting DNA, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and several other periodontopathogens were determined by both methods. The results obtained by DNA-strip technology were analyzed semiquantitatively and additionally quantitatively by densitometry. The results for the 4 major periodontopathogenic bacterial species correlated significantly between the 2 methods. Samples detecting a high bacterial load by one method and negative by the other were always found in less than 2% of the total samples. Both technologies showed the impact of treatment on microflora. Especially the semiquantitative DNA-strip technology clearly analyzed the different loads of periodontopathogens after therapy and is useful in microbial diagnostics for patients in dental practices.

Development and application of a real-time TaqMan((R)) qPCR assay for detection and quantification of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae' in South American camelids

Two alpacas from a herd in southwest Switzerland died for unknown reasons. Necropsy revealed chronic weight loss and pale mucous membranes. Infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas was suspected and subsequently confirmed by molecular methods. In order to investigate the epidemiological situation in this herd, a real-time TaqMan((R)) qPCR assay for the specific detection and quantification of hemoplasma infection in South American camelids was developed. This assay was based on the 16S rRNA gene and amplified 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae' DNA, but not DNA from other hemoplasmas or non-hemotropic mycoplasma species. The lower detection limit was one copy/PCR, and the amplification efficiency was 97.4%. In 11 out of 24 clinically healthy herd mates of the two infected alpacas, 'Candidatus M. haemolamae' infection was confirmed. No correlation was found between bacterial load and clinical signs or anemia. The assay described herein enables to detect and quantify 'Candidatus M. haemolamae' and may be used in future studies to investigate the prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment follow-up of hemoplasma infections in South American camelids.