Actes de la conférence conjointe JEP-TALN-RECITAL 2016, volume 09 : ELTAL

International audience

Aider sans nuire: intervention de groupe destinée aux proches de victimes d'actes criminels

Rapport de stage présenté en vue de l’obtention du grade Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en criminologie option stage en intervention clinique.

Aider sans nuire: intervention de groupe destinée aux proches de victimes d'actes criminels

Rapport de stage présenté en vue de l’obtention du grade Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en criminologie option stage en intervention clinique.

Constructs in Knowledge Organization Systems: Rhythm in Time, Intention, and Form

In the context of the International Society for Knowledge Organization, we often consider knowledge organization systems to comprise catalogues, thesauri, and bibliothecal classification schemes – schemes for library arrangement. In recent years we have added ontologies and folksonomies to our sphere of study. In all of these cases it seems we are concerned with improving access to information. We want a good system.And much of the literature from the late 19th into the late 20th century took that as their goal – to analyze the world of knowledge and the structures of representing it as its objects of study; again, with the ethos for creating a good system. In most cases this meant we had to be correct in our assertions about the universe of knowledge and the relationships that obtain between its constituent parts. As a result much of the literature of knowledge organization is prescriptive – instructing designers and professionals how to build or use the schemes correctly – that is to maximize redundant success in accessing information.In 2005, there was a turn in some of the knowledge organization literature. It has been called the descriptive turn. This is in relation to the otherwise prescriptive efforts of researchers in KO. And it is the descriptive turn that makes me think of context, languages, and cultures in knowledge organization–the theme of this year’s conference.Work in the descriptive turn questions the basic assumptions about what we want to do when we create, implement, maintain, and evaluate knowledge organization systems. Following on these assumptions researchers have examined a wider range of systems and question the motivations behind system design. Online websites that allow users to curate their own collections are one such addition, for example Pinterest (cf., Feinberg, 2011). However, researchers have also looked back at other lineages of organizing to compare forms and functions. For example, encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and winter counts designed and used by Native Americans.In this case of online curated collections, Melanie Feinberg has started to examine the craft of curation, as she calls it. In this line of research purpose, voice, and rhetorical stance surface as design considerations. For example, in the case of the Pinterest, users are able and encouraged to create boards. The process of putting together these boards is an act of curation in contemporary terminology. It is describing this craft that comes from the descriptive turn in KO.In the second case, when researchers in the descriptive turn look back at older and varied examples of knowledge organization systems, we are looking for a full inventory of intent and inspiration for future design. Encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and works of knowledge organization in other cultures provide a rich world for the descriptive turn. And researchers have availed themselves of this.

Stratégies pédagogiques et leur effet sur la motivation et l’engagement des étudiants en sciences au collégial

Résumé : Cette recherche descriptive a pour origine une question de praticienne-chercheure : Quels sont les stratégies et les actes pédagogiques à privilégier par un enseignant en sciences au collégial, afin de stimuler la motivation des étudiants à s’engager dans leurs activités d’apprentissage? Les enjeux pédagogiques au niveau collégial sont d’importance. Les études scientifiques sont caractérisées par un grand nombre d’abandons, un faible niveau de motivation et d’engagement des étudiants dans leurs études et un taux de réussite sous les seuils visés. L’enseignant peut jouer un rôle-clef pour stimuler l’engagement des étudiants, tant par ses stratégies pédagogiques ou ses choix d’activité d’apprentissage que par le support qu’il peut apporter à l’apprenant. La particularité du milieu collégial, où se côtoient formation pré-universitaire et formation technique, n’a pas encore été étudiée, dans une perspective comparative sur la dynamique motivationnelle, en lien avec l’engagement dans une formation scientifique. L’objectif général de cette recherche est de décrire les perceptions des étudiants quant à leur motivation, selon différents actes et stratégies pédagogiques mis en place par les enseignants de deux programmes scientifiques au niveau collégial, soit le programme pré-universitaire Sciences de la nature et pour le programme Techniques de laboratoire, profil Biotechnologies. Chacun des 16 enseignants participants de biologie ou de physique des deux programmes ont été observés durant une ou deux séances de cours totalisant 58 heures d’enseignement, pour 29 groupes d’étudiants, de façon à identifier la stratégie pédagogique générale de la séance et les actes pédagogiques qui ont été concrétisés en classe. Les étudiants ont ensuite complété un questionnaire en ligne sur leurs perceptions en lien avec la motivation concernant ces stratégies et actes pédagogiques. Les questionnaires de 272 répondants ont été traité, analysés et interprétés, de façon à dresser un portrait de la dynamique motivationnelle par groupes de comparaison, par analyses statistiques et analyse qualitative des commentaires spontanés des répondants. Les étudiantes et étudiants de Biotechnologies ont des perceptions plus favorables à la motivation en accordant plus de valeur aux activités d’apprentissage que les répondants de Sciences de la nature. Ils ont également un désir d’engagement plus élevé. Les hommes de Biotechnologies se sentent significativement plus compétents que les femmes du même programme et les répondants des deux genres en Sciences de la nature, ils ont une plus grande facilité à participer aux activités d’apprentissage en classe et ne mentionnent que très peu d’émotions négatives en lien avec les activités de leurs séances de cours. Les étudiantes et étudiants des deux programmes ont des perceptions très diversifiées sur les activités d’apprentissage et stratégies pédagogiques; elles sont même opposées entre certains étudiants pour une même séance de cours, ce qui indique que d’offrir une bonne variété d’actes pédagogiques à chaque séance de cours est à privilégier pour stimuler la motivation du plus grand nombre.

[the Teaching Of Social Sciences In Health: Between Practice And Theory].

The models of teaching social sciences and clinical practice are insufficient for the needs of practical-reflective teaching of social sciences applied to health. The scope of this article is to reflect on the challenges and perspectives of social science education for health professionals. In the 1950s the important movement bringing together social sciences and the field of health began, however weak credentials still prevail. This is due to the low professional status of social scientists in health and the ill-defined position of the social sciences professionals in the health field. It is also due to the scant importance attributed by students to the social sciences, the small number of professionals and the colonization of the social sciences by the biomedical culture in the health field. Thus, the professionals of social sciences applied to health are also faced with the need to build an identity, even after six decades of their presence in the field of health. This is because their ambivalent status has established them as a partial, incomplete and virtual presence, requiring a complex survival strategy in the nebulous area between social sciences and health.

Analysis of Approaches to Controllership in Mater`s Thesis from Post-graduate Programs in Accounting Sciences

The objective of the Study is to analyze approaches in master`s thesis in Brazilian Post-Graduate Programs in Accounting Sciences in relation to Controllership, in terms of their conceptual, procedural and organizational aspects, as proposed by Borinelli (2006). The research is descriptive and it uses a quantitative approach. The sample consists of 26 master`s thesis which have the word ""Controllership"" in their titles. Resulting from analysis, in Perspective I (conceptual aspects), in which the elements of definition, object of study and relationship with other sciences were referenced, consensus among authors of the master`s thesis was not verified. In Perspective II (procedural aspects), which deals with activities and functions of Controllership by means of how they materialize as areas of knowledge within organizations, it was observed that the approach in the master`s thesis is quite differentiated in terms of the scope of activities. In relation to Perspective III (organizational aspects), there is also no consensus about what constitutes typical Controllership activities, but master`s thesis do include in the definition of Controllership the idea that it is a service or function of information. It was concluded that the approach to controllership, in terms of its conceptual, procedural and organizational aspects is similar to the elements proposed by Borinelli (2006).

Social Science; black movement; racial relations; identityThe Brazilian black movement in the social sciences (1950-2000)

When and how did the Brazilian Black movement appear in the social sciences? What are the theoretical approaches and explanations for the 20th century emergence and development? This article will address these principal issues by analyzing studies that have taken on the topic of collective black mobilization from various disciplinary vantage points, particularly, Sociology, History and Anthropology.

Pharmacokinetic software for the health sciences - Choosing the right package for teaching purposes

Computer assisted learning has an important role in the teaching of pharmacokinetics to health sciences students because it transfers the emphasis from the purely mathematical domain to an 'experiential' domain in which graphical and symbolic representations of actions and their consequences form the major focus for learning. Basic pharmacokinetic concepts can be taught by experimenting with the interplay between dose and dosage interval with drug absorption (e.g. absorption rate, bioavailability), drug distribution (e.g. volume of distribution, protein binding) and drug elimination (e.g. clearance) on drug concentrations using library ('canned') pharmacokinetic models. Such 'what if' approaches are found in calculator-simulators such as PharmaCalc, Practical Pharmacokinetics and PK Solutions. Others such as SAAM II, ModelMaker, and Stella represent the 'systems dynamics' genre, which requires the user to conceptualise a problem and formulate the model on-screen using symbols, icons, and directional arrows. The choice of software should be determined by the aims of the subject/course, the experience and background of the students in pharmacokinetics, and institutional factors including price and networking capabilities of the package(s). Enhanced learning may result if the computer teaching of pharmacokinetics is supported by tutorials, especially where the techniques are applied to solving problems in which the link with healthcare practices is clearly established.