Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA binding and cleavage activities of oximato bridged cationic dinuclear copper(II) complex having labile ligands

Oximato bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex Cu(L)(CH3OH)](2)(ClO4)(2) with an oxime-Schiff base ligand, viz. 3-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]imino]-2-butanoneoxime (HL), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The dinuclear copper(II) complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with the unit cell parameters, a = 13.3564(9) angstrom, b = 12.0821(8) angstrom, c = 17.5045(11) angstrom, beta = 90.097, V = 2824.8(3) angstrom(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0769. The complex shows quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric response at 0.844V (Delta E-p = 276 mV) at 100 mVs(-1). The binding studies of the complex with calf thymus DNA has been investigated using absorption spectrophotometry. Cleavage activity of the complex has been carried out on double stranded pBR 322 plasmid DNA by using gel electrophoresis experiments in the absence and in the presence of the oxidant, viz., H2O2.

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of bis(4,4 `-bipyridinium) dodecatungstosilicate dihydrate

Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of a new organic polyoxometalate, namely, bis(4,4'-bipyridinium) dodecatungstosilicate dihydrate, 4,4'-bipyH(2)](2)SiW12O40]center dot 2H(2)O (1) is reported. The crystal structure of (1) consists of a SiW12O40](4-) Keggin anion situated on a two-fold axis, two unique 4,4'-bipyridinium cations, one of which is situated on a two-fold axis, and two independent lattice water molecules. The cations and anions are linked by H-bonding.

A glucose-centric perspective of hyperglycemia

Digestion of food in the intestines converts the compacted storage carbohydrates, starch and glycogen, to glucose. After each meal, a flux of glucose (>200 g) passes through the blood pool (4-6 g) in a short period of 2 h, keeping its concentration ideally in the range of 80-120 mg/100 mL. Tissue-specific glucose transporters (GLUTs) aid in the distribution of glucose to all tissues. The balance glucose after meeting the immediate energy needs is converted into glycogen and stored in liver (up to 100 g) and skeletal muscle (up to 300 g) for later use. High blood glucose gives the signal for increased release of insulin from pancreas. Insulin binds to insulin receptor on the plasma membrane and activates its autophosphorylation. This initiates the post-insulin-receptor signal cascade that accelerates synthesis of glycogen and triglyceride. Parallel control by phos-dephos and redox regulation of proteins exists for some of these steps. A major action of insulin is to inhibit gluconeogensis in the liver decreasing glucose output into blood. Cases with failed control of blood glucose have alarmingly increased since 1960 coinciding with changed life-styles and large scale food processing. Many of these turned out to be resistant to insulin, usually accompanied by dysfunctional glycogen storage. Glucose has an extended stay in blood at 8 mM and above and then indiscriminately adds on to surface protein-amino groups. Fructose in common sugar is 10-fold more active. This random glycation process interferes with the functions of many proteins (e.g., hemoglobin, eye lens proteins) and causes progressive damage to heart, kidneys, eyes and nerves. Some compounds are known to act as insulin mimics. Vanadium-peroxide complexes act at post-receptor level but are toxic. The fungus-derived 2,5-dihydroxybenzoquinone derivative is the first one known to act on the insulin receptor. The safe herbal products in use for centuries for glucose control have multiple active principles and targets. Some are effective in slowing formation of glucose in intestines by inhibiting alpha-glucosidases (e.g., salacia/saptarangi). Knowledge gained from French lilac on active guanidine group helped developing Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide) one of the popular drugs in use. One strategy of keeping sugar content in diets in check is to use artificial sweeteners with no calories, no glucose or fructose and no effect on blood glucose (e.g., steviol, erythrytol). However, the three commonly used non-caloric artificial sweetener's, saccharin, sucralose and aspartame later developed glucose intolerance, the very condition they are expected to evade. Ideal way of keeping blood glucose under 6 mM and HbAlc, the glycation marker of hemoglobin, under 7% in blood is to correct the defects in signals that allow glucose flow into glycogen, still a difficult task with drugs and diets.

Repositórios institucionais de acesso livre no Brasil : estudo Delfos

A filosofia do acesso livre ao conhecimento científico surgiu da dificuldade das bibliotecas universitárias de todo mundo em manter atualizadas as assinaturas das coleções de periódicos científicos. Os repositórios institucionais são uma das ferramentas que se mostram como alternativa para a comunicação da Ciência livre de barreiras de acesso. A pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar quais são as perspectivas futuras das atuais políticas de implementação de repositórios institucionais de acesso livre no Brasil na opinião de especialistas na área, tendo como base a análise do estado da arte das implementações de Repositórios Institucionais no Brasil. Neste trabalho, a pesquisa é dividida em três etapas: a primeira consiste na coleta de dados descritivos dos repositórios institucionais da Universidade de Brasília (RIUnB) e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (BDJur-STJ); já na segunda etapa de pesquisa, procede-se à consulta aos especialistas indagando-os acerca da situação atual das implementações de repositórios institucionais no Brasil; e, por fim, na terceira etapa de pesquisa consultamos estes mesmos especialistas sobre os desdobramentos futuros destas políticas no País. Utilizamos da técnica Delfos de pesquisa, onde os especialistas são consultados através de questionários constituídos de perguntas abertas, possibilitando assim chegar a um consenso das opiniões no final da pesquisa. Como resultado da pesquisa, é elaborado um quadro com a tabulação das respostas dos especialistas consultados revelando o panorama das perspectivas futuras das implementações de repositórios institucionais no Brasil na opinião dos especialistas que fazem parte da nossa amostra de pesquisa.

Essays on Correlated Equilibrium and Voter Turnout

This thesis consists of three essays in the areas of political economy and game theory, unified by their focus on the effects of pre-play communication on equilibrium outcomes.

Communication is fundamental to elections. Chapter 2 extends canonical voter turnout models, where citizens, divided into two competing parties, choose between costly voting and abstaining, to include any form of communication, and characterizes the resulting set of Aumann's correlated equilibria. In contrast to previous research, high-turnout equilibria exist in large electorates and uncertain environments. This difference arises because communication can coordinate behavior in such a way that citizens find it incentive compatible to follow their correlated signals to vote more. The equilibria have expected turnout of at least twice the size of the minority for a wide range of positive voting costs.

In Chapter 3 I introduce a new equilibrium concept, called subcorrelated equilibrium, which fills the gap between Nash and correlated equilibrium, extending the latter to multiple mediators. Subcommunication equilibrium similarly extends communication equilibrium for incomplete information games. I explore the properties of these solutions and establish an equivalence between a subset of subcommunication equilibria and Myerson's quasi-principals' equilibria. I characterize an upper bound on expected turnout supported by subcorrelated equilibrium in the turnout game.

Chapter 4, co-authored with Thomas Palfrey, reports a new study of the effect of communication on voter turnout using a laboratory experiment. Before voting occurs, subjects may engage in various kinds of pre-play communication through computers. We study three communication treatments: No Communication, a control; Public Communication, where voters exchange public messages with all other voters, and Party Communication, where messages are exchanged only within one's own party. Our results point to a strong interaction effect between the form of communication and the voting cost. With a low voting cost, party communication increases turnout, while public communication decreases turnout. The data are consistent with correlated equilibrium play. With a high voting cost, public communication increases turnout. With communication, we find essentially no support for the standard Nash equilibrium turnout predictions.

A campanha presidencial de 2006 e as estratégias utilizadas por eleitores para o processamento das informações políticas

Esta é uma tese centrada nas estratégias empregadas pelos eleitores para o processamento das informações sobre a política, no contexto da campanha presidencial brasileira de 2006. Propusemos, neste trabalho, um modelo estatístico para o processamento da informação sobre a política, construído a partir da contribuição de estudos realizados nos campos de conhecimento das ciências sociais, da economia, da psicologia cognitiva e da comunicação, e, sobretudo, a partir das evidências extraídas de nosso desenho de pesquisa. Este combinou métodos qualitativo, quantitativo e a análise das estratégias retóricas empregadas por candidatos e partidos políticos no Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE), elemento dinâmico de nosso estudo, por sintetizar os fluxos de informação no ambiente das campanhas políticas. Esse conjunto de abordagens metodológicas, foi empregado para o estudo de caso do eleitor belo-horizontino, inserido no complexo ambiente informacional das campanhas presidenciais. Com informações incompletas, o eleitor precisou escolher em quem acreditar, lidando com a incerteza dos resultados do pleito e com a incerteza em relação ao comportamento futuro dos atores, cioso de que as retóricas da campanha estavam orientadas para a persuasão. O nosso trabalho procurou mapear as estratégias empregadas pelos eleitores na seleção de temas do debate para a atenção e para o processamento das novas informações sobre a política, adquiridas em interações múltiplas ao longo da campanha. Essa complexa tarefa foi destinada à escolha de por quem ser persuadido. Procuramos responder, neste trabalho, a partir das evidências empíricas, várias preocupações deste campo de conhecimento, entre elas: 1) Em meio a tantos temas abordados na disputa entre partidos e candidatos, quais deles e por que o indivíduo escolhe para prestar atenção e acreditar? 2) Que variáveis intermedeiam e qual o seu peso nesse processo de interação com as novas informações para explicar a tomada de decisão? 3) As prioridades da agenda política do eleitor se alteram ao longo da campanha? 4) Os eleitores ampliam o repertório mais geral de informação sobre a política? 5) As percepções sobre avaliação de governo e em relação aos temas prioritários da agenda do eleitor se alteram ao longo da campanha?

Representação televisiva dos direitos humanos no Brasil

Versa sobre a Representação televisiva dos direitos humanos no Brasil, na qual buscarei averiguar como se dá o discurso telejornalístico acerca desses direitos e o que isso representa. Discute conceitos e características apresentados por alguns autores acerca de temas relacionados à mídia, bem como em relação aos direitos humanos. Explica o histórico e a evolução da televisão no Brasil e dos direitos humanos no plano nacional e internacional. Defende a manipulação como um conceito ainda relevante para se entender a relação que se estabelece entre a mídia e o seu usuário. Acentua o aspecto omissivo na violação do direitos humanos no Brasil, fazendo com que estas violações sejam menos flagrantes, pelo menos da perspectiva midiática. Conclui pela marginalização de temas como educação, saúde e emprego em detrimento de outros como violência, segurança e repressão, posto que em ambos os telejornais pesquisados, mais de 60% das reportagens estão relacionados a estes últimos.

A produção de subjetividade está em jogo: o Globo Esporte por uma ótica filosófica

Esta dissertação tem como proposta fazer uma análise da produção maquínica de subjetividade do programa Globo Esporte, da TV Globo, e de suas variações enquanto gênero; além de discutir a influência do noticiário no comportamento de parte do público-alvo. Para tanto, partiu-se dos conceitos filosóficos de pensadores como Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Michel Foucault, Antônio Negri, Michael Hardt e Peter Pál Pelbart, entre outros, e das observações referentes ao processo comunicacional de Pierre Bourdieu, Muniz Sodré, Edgar Morin e Joseph Campbell, como ainda da sociologia do esporte através de Ronaldo Helal e Hugo Lovisolo. A produção de subjetividade, a presença do ídolo esportivo, a territorialização imposta dos mass-media, os focos de resistência encontrados na multidão são algumas questões debatidas nesta dissertação, que contou com a elaboração de um dispositivo composto por uma série de etapas, no qual, com a ajuda de grupo focal, pode-se melhor compreender a dinâmica da relação: telejornalismo esportivo - produção do ídolo-torcedor/telespectador.

Zum Einsatz von authentischem Quellenmaterial im Fremdsprachenunterricht am Beispiel von Fernsehnachrichten

This article attempts to qualify the work with authentic source material such as TV news in foreign language teaching. At first, the role of authentic materials in foreign language teaching shall be discussed. Afterwards, TV news will be briefly examined and characterized from the point of view of media theory. Methodic-didactic considerations on the work with TV news in class round up the article.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) (I): Toxicity, population exposure and involved foods

Food is one of the main exogenous sources of genotoxic compounds. In heated food products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a priority group of genotoxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic chemical pollutants with adverse long-term health effects. People can be exposed to these compounds through different environments and via various routes: inhalation, ingestion of foods and water and even percutaneously. The presence of these compounds in food may be due to environmental contamination, to industrial handling and processing of foods and to oil processing and refining. The highest levels of these compounds are found in smoked foods, in seafood which is found in polluted waters, in grilled meats and, to a lesser extent, in vegetable fats and oils. Lower levels of PAHs are found in vegetables and in cereals and its products.

On the reasons for stepwise changes in the tunnelling current across nanogaps

The role of the crystalline orientation of the STM tip in the generation of metal clusters is studied by atom dynamics simulations. When a (111) facet is facing the surface, the process is accompanied by a perturbation of the surface stronger than that observed for more open tip structures. This implies a technological application: the possibility of orienting a nanocrystallite deposited on a tip according to the changes observed in the force on the tip.

Predation on mayfly nymph, Baetis rhodani, by native and introduced Gammarus: direct effects and the facilitation of predation by salmonids.

1. In a series of laboratory experiments, we assessed the predatory nature of the native Irish amphipod, Gammarus duebeni celticus, and the introduced G. pulex, towards the mayfly nymph Baetis rhodani. We also investigated alterations in microhabitat use and drift behaviour of B. rhodani in the presence of Gammarus, and indirect predatory interactions with juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. 2. In trials with single predators and prey, B. rhodani survival was significantly lower when Gammarus were free to interact with nymphs as than when Gammarus were isolated from them. The invader G. pulex reduced the survival of B. rhodani more rapidly than did the native G. d. celticus. Both Gammarus spp. were active predators. 3. In `patch' experiments, B. rhodani survival was significantly lower both when G. pulex and G. d. celticus were present, although the effect of the two Gammarus species did not differ. Again, active predation of nymphs by Gammarus was observed. Significantly more nymphs occurred on the top and sides of a tile, and per capita drifts were significantly higher, when Gammarus were present. Baetis rhodani per capita drift was also significantly higher in the presence of the introduced G. pulex than with the native G. d. celticus. 4. Gammarus facilitated predation by salmon parr of B. rhodani by significantly increasing fish–nymph encounters on exposed gravel and in the drift. There were no differential effects of the two Gammarus spp. on fish –B. rhodani encounters or consumption. 5. We conclude that Gammarus as a predator can have lethal, nonlethal, direct and indirect effects in freshwaters. We stress the need for recognition of this predatory role when assigning Gammarus spp. to a `Functional Feeding Group'.

On the Diversity-Multiplexing Tradefoff for Wireless Cooperative Multiple Access Systems

A spectrally efficient strategy is proposed for cooperative multiple access (CMA) channels in a centralized communication environment with $N$ users. By applying superposition coding, each user will transmit a mixture containing its own information as well as the other users', which means that each user shares parts of its power with the others. The use of superposition coding in cooperative networks was first proposed in , which will be generalized to a multiple-user scenario in this paper. Since the proposed CMA system can be seen as a precoded point-to-point multiple-antenna system, its performance can be best evaluated using the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff. By carefully categorizing the outage events, the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff can be obtained, which shows that the proposed cooperative strategy can achieve larger diversity/multiplexing gain than the compared transmission schemes at any diversity/multiplexing gain. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the proposed strategy can achieve optimal tradeoff for multiplexing gains $0leq r leq 1$ whereas the compared cooperative scheme is only optimal for $0leq r leq ({1}/{N})$. As discussed in the paper, such superiority of the proposed CMA system is due to the fact that the relaying transmission does not consume extra channel use and, hence, the deteriorating effect of cooperative communication on the data rate is effectively limited.