ASSIP Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program. A Manual for Clinicans

Attempted Suicide is the main risk factor for suicide. The Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) described in this manual is an innovative brief therapy that has proven to be highly effective in reducing the risk of further attempts. ASSIP is the result of the authors' extensive practical experience in the treatment of suicidal individuals. The emphasis is on the therapeutic alliance with the suicidal patient, based on an initial video-recorded narrative interview and the development of personalized safety strategies. The three to four therapy sessions are followed by continuing contact with patients by means of regular letters.

Video-based quantification of body movement indicates negative symptoms: a replication

Objective: In schizophrenia, abnormalities in nonverbal behaviors have always been considered as highly relevant. However, due to methodological limitations, nonverbal behavior was rarely quantified objectively. Recent methodological advances now allow a quantification of body movement from ordinary video recordings. We showed that patients’ objectively measured amount of movement in social role-play interactions was closely associated with their symptom profiles (Kupper, Ramseyer, Hoffmann, & Tschacher, Schizophrenia Research 2010). In the present study, a replication of these results in the context of semi-standardized PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) interviews was intended. Methods: 17 patients with schizophrenia were analyzed during the initial 15-min sequence of a videotaped PANSS interview using Motion Energy Analysis (MEA). The amount of patients’ movement was then correlated with their PANSS symptom scores. Results: Sizeable and significant correlations between negative symptoms and reduced movements (r = -.68, p<0.01) and reduced movement speed (r = -.80, p<0.001) were found. Moreover, cognitive symptoms were related to reduced movement speed (r = -.70, p<.01). Conclusion: Negative symptoms were reliably indicated by patients’ nonverbal behavior in psychopathology interviews. Hence, the main result of our earlier study, examining patients’ nonverbal behavior in role play tests, was replicated for the less structured interactions in psychopathological interviews. Results could encourage the use of MEA in a wide range of videotaped social interactions of patients with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.

What to Expect in the Intake Interview? Impression Management Tactics of Psychotherapy Patients

The therapeutic alliance consists of a mutual dependency between patient and therapist. Whereas earlier studies have focused on the therapists' behavioral influence, the present study examined patients' impression management tactics. The motivation to manage the impressions one has on others is particularly strong during first contact. Patients' behavioral influence was thus examined in the intake interview. Twelve possible impression management tactics were defined on the basis of theoretical conceptions of the therapeutic alliance and discussions with practicing psychotherapists. After a comprehensive training, judges rated 60 videotaped interviews. Interjudge agreement was fair to good. Influence attempts could be observed in roughly 30% of all patients' utterances. The most frequent tactics were Supplication, Provoking a response from the therapist, and Self-promotion. Patients could be grouped into three different clusters of tactic employers: Negative self-presenters, positive self-presenters, and response provokers. Male and female patients did not differ with respect to the total amount of tactics used and to the choice of specific tactics. However, when the therapist was female, male patients used significantly more tactics overall and significantly more often the tactic Negative reports about third persons. Being sensitive to patients' behavioral influence can help therapists to better understand their interactional goals and to better tailor the therapeutic alliance.

A Case Study on Using the Via Christi Breastfeeding Assessment Tool in a Clinical Setting

Aims- The goal of this study is to obtain a subjective point of view of the use, benefits, and shortcomings of the Via Christi breastfeeding Assessment Tool in a clinical setting. Methods- This case study is based on a single yet detailed interview with a lactation consultant who has utilized the Via Christi Breastfeeding Tool in a clinical setting. Findings- Advantages of the Via Christi Breastfeeding Assessment Tool include that the tool is practical and concrete, encompassing both a subjective dimension and the basic elements of breastfeeding. Shortcomings of the tool include its non-specificity in focus on the feeding technique only and excluding other factors involved with the birth and mother- baby couplet. Conclusion- The Via Christi Breastfeeding Tool serves as a good initial screening of breastfeeding, which in result leads to the recommendation of further and more extensive study of a specific mother-baby couplet breastfeeding measures if needed.

Childhood cancer survivor satisfaction with characteristics of clinical care

This study investigated the characteristics of a clinic that affect how satisfied survivors of childhood cancer are with their medical care. Questionnaire and interview data from the Passport for Care: Texas Implementation project collected between January 2011 to April 2012 were analyzed. Eleven clinics in Texas participated. Questionnaire respondents were childhood cancer survivor patients who had been off therapy for at least 2 years, or their parents. Interview respondents were clinical providers or research staff at the participating clinics. The outcomes evaluated were answers to a single question on satisfaction with care and a composite Percent Satisfaction Score created from seven other questionnaire items that were correlated (Spearman Rho >0.3) with the question on satisfaction. The following characteristics were also evaluated: sex, age, race, education, and type of cancer. The following clinic indicators were evaluated: type of clinic (general vs. dedicated cancer survivor clinics), number of providers, number of survivors, ratio of survivors/providers, distribution of handouts, distribution of treatment summaries, and use of Children's Oncology Group (COG) guidelines. ^ The only demographic characteristic that affected satisfaction was race. A Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference (Chi-square 6.129, 2 d.f., p = 0.0467). To analyze this further, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test of pairings of the three groups were performed. A Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied, with p = 0.017 indicating significance at alpha = 0.05. There was no significant difference between the White and Hispanic groups or between the Hispanic and "Other" groups. For the White and "Other" groups there was a significant difference for the satisfaction item (p = 0.0123) but not for the Percent Satisfaction Score (p = 0.0289). These results suggest that race may influence satisfaction and should be evaluated further in future studies. ^ None of the clinic indicators affected the Percent Satisfaction Score. Going to a clinic that distributed patient information handouts (Wilcoxon Rank Sum p = 0.048) and going to a clinic with >=100 survivors (Wilcoxon Rank Sum p = 0.021) were associated with increased satisfaction. The population of childhood cancer survivors is a growing group of individuals with special health needs. In the future survivors will likely seek medical care in a variety of clinical settings, so it is important to investigate features to improve patient satisfaction with clinical care.^

Interview forms for integrating education for conservation in marine protected areas management in Colombia

Environmental Education (EE) is a key component in any marine protected area management. However, its visibility and action plans are still poorly developed and structured as a clear element in management procedures. The objective of this study is to contribute with a methodological route that integrates EE to the existing model of management planning and strategies, taking the Colombian National Natural Parks System as a case study. The creation of the route is proposed as a participatory research with different stakeholders in order to respond to the specific conservation needs and goals for the National Parks System. The EE national diagnosis has shown that its integration within the parks management structure is a first priority need, being a converging result on the two case studies on National Parks from the Pacific Coast of Colombia. The diagnosis also demonstrates that communication, participation, training and evaluation have to be reinforced, linking the community and stakeholders involved in the park management to the whole EE process. The proposed methodology route has been agreed upon by the National Parks staff and incorporates advice and recommendations from different stakeholders, in order to better include the park users. This step will help us to advance toward sustainable management in marine and coastal protected areas elsewhere, taking into account not only the biological but also the social-cultural prism. The main challenges in the management and conservation of coastal and marine ecosystems today are discussed.

Os sentidos das experiências de mães de crianças e adolescentes oncológicos com a terapia complementar

O diagnóstico de câncer infantojuvenil e as demandas do seu tratamento transforma a vida da família, particularmente das mães que acompanham seus filhos de perto e não medem esforços para oferecer-lhes o melhor. O cuidado prestado pelas mães é permeado de influências culturais que podem favorecer a introdução de terapias complementares no cuidado dos seus filhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os sentidos das experiências de um grupo de mães de crianças e adolescentes com câncer com a terapia complementar. Para alcançar este objetivo, realizou-se estudo com abordagem metodológica qualitativa, adotando o referencial teórico da Antropologia Médica e a narrativa como método. Após aprovação ética da pesquisa, foram convidadas a participar do estudo quinze mães de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, em acompanhamento terapêutico em serviço de saúde localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de duas entrevistas semiestruturadas com cada participante, realizadas nas dependências do complexo hospitalar e nos domicílios, no período de julho de 2014 a julho de 2015. A partir das entrevistas foram construídas as narrativas individuais das participantes e utilizamos os pressupostos dos modelos explicativos para organizar os dados relativos à reconstrução das experiências das mães acerca da causa, tratamento e o prognóstico da doença. Para a análise dos dados provenientes das narrativas, utilizou-se a análise temática indutiva. Relacionaram-se os aspectos semelhantes e os particulares das narrativas sobre as experiências das mães com os tratamentos complementares e eles foram integrados em dois temas representativos, apresentados sob a forma de sínteses narrativas ou unidades de sentidos. Os resultados foram analisados e apresentados a partir das narrativas temáticas: Quando um filho tem câncer, não se imagina a força de uma mãe, em que se apresenta a persistência, energia, entusiasmo e motivação das mães para lidar com as demandas do diagnóstico oncológico e tratamento do câncer, bem como a sua influência nas decisões que garantem a qualidade do tratamento dos filhos, incluindo ou não a incorporação de práticas alternativas; e A utilização da terapia complementar motivada pela esperança, em que o sentido atribuído pelas mães à incorporação de terapias complementares no cuidado do filho é o de renovação da esperança, com o propósito de promoção do bem-estar da criança ou adolescente e cura da doença. Os sentidos dessas experiências foram explicados por meio de conceitos derivados da antropologia. A interpretação das narrativas centradas na experiência de um grupo de mães de crianças e adolescentes oncológicos com a terapia complementar, a partir do sistema cultural, permitiu-nos explicar compreensivamente como a cultura influencia o cuidado prestado pelas mães aos seus filhos, por meio dos sentidos. Os sentidos das experiências desse grupo de mães constituem-se em conhecimento que pode ser aplicado na prática clínica e em pesquisas futuras

O Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) em adultos: dados normativos para o sistema morvaliano

No contexto da pesquisa e utilização prática das técnicas de autoexpressão, o Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) apresenta reconhecidas vantagens. Apesar de linhas de pesquisa bastante desenvolvidas internacionalmente, não existem estudos atuais sobre as propriedades deste instrumento no Brasil, levantando a necessidade de conhecer seus alcances e limites nesse contexto cultural. Desse modo, o desenvolvimento de normas que descrevam o desempenho típico de uma população não clínica se mostra um importante passo inicial rumo à retomada da pesquisa com o TAT e sua adoção por profissionais. Tendo em vista que a validação das técnicas de autoexpressão se refere aos sistemas de classificação e não aos instrumentos em si, o presente estudo adotou, dentre a miríade de sistemas de categorização das histórias do TAT descritos na literatura, o sistema proposto por Monique Morval, que foi desenvolvido para estudantes e profissionais com pouca experiência com o TAT, utilizando pressupostos da Personologia de Henry Murray, Psicologia Cognitiva e Psicologia do Ego, possibilitando leituras objetivas e qualitativas do material. Considerando o potencial de utilização desse sistema por parte dos psicólogos brasileiros - visto sua semelhança com o atual sistema aprovado para uso pelo Sistema de Avaliação dos Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia - foram feitos aprimoramentos no assim chamado sistema morvaliano, possibilitando sua adoção no estudo normativo proposto pelo presente projeto. Tais aprimoramentos consistiram na revisão e adição de categorias e subcategorias, a partir de trabalhos brasileiros e internacionais sobre o instrumento. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver normas para o TAT (Sistema Morvaliano) em adultos, a partir de uma amostra não clínica, aleatória e estratificada por critérios de idade, sexo, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico (NSE) da cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP). Os participantes foram 100 adultos (25 a 44 anos de idade), selecionados através de visita a domicílios sorteados em bairros de diferentes NSE. Foram realizadas entrevistas de avaliação psicológica individuais, utilizando um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, o Teste de Inteligência Geral Não-Verbal (TIG-NV) e 20 cartões do TAT, pré-selecionados de acordo com as recomendações do manual original do instrumento. As histórias do TAT foram categorizadas no sistema morvaliano revisado e seus dados passaram por análises estatísticas e sínteses qualitativas em busca de diferenças de desempenho relacionadas ao sexo, escolaridade e NSE. Os resultados mostram poucas diferenças entre os grupos que justifiquem a elaboração de normas específicas; apesar disso, foi identificada uma tendência (ainda que pequena) de o nível de escolaridade e o NSE favorecerem um melhor desempenho nas variáveis relativas à organização formal das histórias. São discutidas as implicações dos dados obtidos em termos do perfil normativo de desempenho nas variáveis do sistema morvaliano, suas evidências preliminares de validade e futuras direções para estudos sobre o TAT nesse sistema.

The Clinical Utility of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System: A Clinician's Perspective

The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) is the first performance- based measure of adult attachment to be developed. The purpose of the measure is to provide a clinical understanding of an adult client's attachment status and associated coping mechanisms. The AAP is a relatively new measure that has yet to be examined from a utility perspective. In the current study, seven psychologists completed a structured survey in order to identify their perspectives of the AAP and its utility as a clinical instrument. A phenomenological qualitative analysis of the data was conducted to derive themes about the AAP and its clinical utility. Analyses aimed to answer the following: What clinical considerations do clinician's focus on when deciding to use this measure? What are common factors among clinician's who do use the measure as well as those who do not? What aspects of the measure are user-friendly and what aspects are difficult? General themes that emerged include (a) the clinical information provided by the AAP is viewed by those who use it as unique and beneficial; (b) time commitment and cost for the clinician are common considerations when clinician's are deciding whether or not to use the AAP or when pursuing training; (c) the AAP provides an increased understanding of one's relational capacities and defenses; and (d) the coding system and transcription process are difficult aspects of the AAP and influence how and/or when it is used. In addition to these themes, multiple respondents discussed potential changes for the AAP that would increase their future use of the instrument. Finally, the implications of these results are discussed.

Group Dynamics in Sex Offender Treatment Involving Individuals with Personality Disorders

This qualitative investigation primarily employing a phenomenological perspective and psychoanalytic interview approach intends to provide contextual understanding of group dynamics in sex offender treatment involving individuals with strong features of personality disorders or Axis II psychopathology according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (4 ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Of note, this study particularly focuses on the cluster B type (Narcissistic, Borderline, Histrionic, and Antisocial Personality Disorders), based on the assumption that this type is more interpersonally operational in its nature. The present study is based on semi-structured interviews of three clinicians who arecurrently providing group treatment for sex offenders. The interview was designed to elicit the participants' clinical observations of group dynamics involving group members with features of the Axis II, Cluster B type. In this study, 11 therapeutic factors postulated by Yalom (2005) were utilized to qualitatively investigate group dynamics. Analyses of qualitative data highlighted how group members with features of the Axis II, Cluster B type may distinctively affect group dynamics. Based on the results, group members with Axis II diagnoses, as reported bythe therapists who responded to this study, were observed to present with altruistic behaviors in group. In addition, motivation appeared to be one of the most influential factors in promoting and maintaining therapeutic group behaviors. Group members with antisocial features appeared to present with low motivation for treatment, and individualswith a pervasive history of criminal institutionalization seemed more prone to disengagement in group. Individuals with borderline and histrionic traits seemed to be interpersonally oriented and affectively engaged in group process. Persons with a narcissistic tendency also appeared to be interpersonally invested and showed altruistic behaviors, yet the importance of confirming their superiority seemed to outweigh the need for acceptance or approval from other group members. As briefly discussed above, the qualitative analyses of the current data showed that individuals with Axis II disorders, Cluster B type uniquely affect group dynamics, which suggest clinical considerations foreffective treatment planning, maintenance, and outcomes.

The Developmental Experiences of Adolescent Females in Structured Basketball Programs

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether adolescent females had unique developmental experiences in different types of basketball programs. The Youth Experiences Survey 2.0 [YES] (Hansen & Larson, 2005) was used to measure the learning experiences of 14 and 15 year old females (n = 212) who were enrolled in a school, recreational, or competitive basketball program. Interviews with organization representatives were conducted to determine the structure of each basketball program (n= 16) from which participants were drawn. One-way ANOVAs and Bonferroni comparisons were used to compare YES 2.0 positive experience scale scores of participants in school, recreational and competitive basketball programs. Results revealed that females in recreational programs had significantly lower scores than those in competitive and school programs on numerous positive experiences scales. Mann-Whitney U tests found that those in school and competitive programs reported higher stress levels. Interview results indicate that four characteristics of competitive and school programs may contribute to participants in these programs reporting more growth experiences: 1) time commitment, 2) coaches’ training and background, 3) competition, and 4) volunteer opportunities.

The Contribution of Structured Activity and Deliberate Play to the Development of Expert Perceptual and Decision-Making Skill

The developmental histories of 32 players in the Australian Football League (AFL), independently classified as either expert or less skilled in their perceptual and decision- making skills, were collected through a structured interview process and their year-on-year involvement in structured and deliberate play activities retrospectively determined. Despite being drawn from the same elite level of competition, the expert decision-makers differed from the less skilled in having accrued, during their developing years, more hours of experience in structured activities of all types, in structured activities in invasion-type sports, in invasion-type deliberate play, and in invasion activities from sports other than Australian football. Accumulated hours invested in invasion-type activities differentiated between the groups, suggesting that it is the amount of invasion-type activity that is experienced and not necessarily intent (skill development or fun) or specificity that facilitates the development of perceptual and decision-making expertise in this team sport.

A qualitative analysis of health care provider perceptions of depression and suicidality in Mozambique

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Evaluation of flood preparedness in public health facilities in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Blunted prolactin response to D-fenfluramine in post-stroke major depression

Background: This study investigated whether patients suffering from post-stroke depressive disorder had a similar disturbance in central serotonergic function to that described in non-brain injured depressed patients. Methods: Twenty-three depressed patients (nine major, 14 minor) and 38 non-depressed patients were examined 4-8 weeks post-stroke with a structured interview, rating scales and MRI brain scans. Patients were administered 30 mg D-fenfluramine orally and plasma prolactin and D-fenfluramine concentrations were measured for 6 h post-dose. Results: The prolactin response was significantly blunted in major depression compared to minor depression and non-depressed patients as measured by both delta prolactin and area under the prolactin versus time curve. There was no significant relationship between prolactin response and lesion lateralization or any of the measured clinical characteristics. Limitations: The major limitation of the study is the relatively small number in each depressive group. Conclusions: Patients suffering from major depression in the post-stroke period have a blunted prolactin response to D-fenfluramine. This indicates a serotonergic abnormality consistent with that found in major depression where neurological disease is not present. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.