Inventário de aranhas (Arachnida, Araneae) em quatro fitofisionomias da serra do cachimbo, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brasil

Um inventário da fauna de aranhas foi realizado na Serra do Cachimbo, dentro do Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Venoso, município de Novo Progresso, Pará. As coletas ocorreram em duas expedições, uma na estação seca (agosto e setembro de 2003) e outra na chuvosa (março e abril de 2004). Cada expedição contou com a participação de três coletores. O esforço de amostragem foi de 240 amostras, sendo 96 através de guarda-chuva entomológico e rede de varredura, 96 através de coleta manual noturna e 48 por triagem manual e extratores de Winkler. Foi comparada a diversidade de aranhas de quatro tipos de vegetação, compreendendo áreas de floresta ombrófila aberta, a mata de galeria ao entorno do Rio Formiga, áreas de cerrado (savana arbórea) e áreas de campina. As coletas resultaram em um total de 4964 indivíduos, dos quais 2724 adultos. Foram identificadas 397 morfoespécies em 37 famílias, sendo as mais abundantes Theridiidae, Salticidae e Araneidae e as mais especiosas Salticidae, Araneidae e 'Theridiidae. As espécies representadas por apenas um indivíduo somaram 40% do total e apenas duas espécies apresentaram mais de cem indivíduos. As curvas de riqueza de espécies estimadas atingiram entre 473 (bootstrap) e 674 (jackknife2) espécies. A maior diversidade alfa (índice de Shannon-Wiener) foi encontrada em floresta ombrófila, seguida pela mata de galeria, campina e cerrado. A maior diversidade beta (índices de Jaccard e Morisita-Horn.) foi encontrada entre a floresta e a campina e as menores entre a floresta, cerrado e mata de galeria. A estação seca apresentou mais espécies que a chuvosa, porém essa diferença não foi detectada na campina. Uma análise de componentes principais revelou que algumas espécies demonstraram especificidade pelas vegetações fechadas e outras pela vegetação aberta da campina. Estas diferenças na diversidade e na composição taxonômica entre as vegetações podem ser explicadas devido à variações de recursos alimentares (presas), recursos espaciais (refúgios e substrato para fixação de teias) e fatores microclimáticos (temperatura e umidade) de cada fitofisionomia. O coletor mais experiente coletou mais espécies e os demais amostraram números de espécies semelhantes. As diferenças de abundancia entre as amostras de cada coletor não foram significativas. As coletas noturnas mostraram-se mais eficientes para detectar as diferenças entre a riqueza das fisionomias. Os métodos guarda-chuva entomológico/rede de varredura e coleta de serapilheira não apresentaram diferenças significativas para riqueza de espécies.

A repatriação de refugiados afegãos: do Paquistão ao leste do Afeganistão

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

Indústria frigorífica halal no Brasil, mão-de-obra islamita e estado de exceção

In the last decade, Brazilian meat export rates for Muslim religious countries have increased, and also has the immigration of Africans workers able to perform the slaughter following the precepts of Islam - religion that has expanded in the world, and thus, has the halal food segment. Halal, the Islamic ideology, means lawful, authorized by God: are those products that Allah in the Holy Qur'an releases for human consumption. To get halal certification some measures during slaughter/processing food should be taken. In the case of the slaughterhouses the animal must be slaughtered by a Muslim. Consequently, the demand for this skilled labor makes many African-Muslims get jobs in factories owned by BRF Foods, JBS and Marfrig; refugees and with their citizenship rights committed, these individuals live in a socio-political state of exception and overexploitation. In this study we intend to discuss the object of study Islamist workforce in Brazilian halal meat industry using the theoretical reflections of Giorgio Agamben (Homo Sacer in 2002, and State of Exception, 2004) and David Harvey (The Condition of Postmodernity, 2008, and The New Imperialism, 2004) to address the situation of immigrants in the meat business in Brazil, specially those on the halal certification segment, whose working and living conditions were described from academic studies and primary sources (articles in newspapers / magazines, websites, immigration official data). In addition we use the works of Rogério Heasbaert (O mito da desterritorialização, 2007) and Robert Kurz (Os paradoxos dos direitos humanos: inclusão e exclusão na modernidade, 2003) to discuss human mobility in this new century

Studio della Peste dei Piccoli Ruminanti nei territori saharawi

La Peste dei Piccoli Ruminanti (PPR) è una patologia virale ed acuta che colpisce i piccoli ruminanti, diffusa in Africa Sub-Sahariana, in Medio Oriente ed in Asia Meridionale. Questo lavoro si propone di effettuare il primo studio epidemiologico sulla PPR nella Repubblica Araba Saharawi Democratica (RASD), che comprende i Campi Profughi Saharawi, in territorio algerino, ed i “Territori Liberati” del Sahara Occidentale, valutando la potenziale presenza, prevalenza e distribuzione del virus della PPR in questi territori. Lo studio si è basato su una metodica di campionamento “a cluster” secondo la tecnica “a due stadi”. Sono stati individuati 23 siti di campionamento dai quali sono stati raccolti un totale di 976 campioni di siero prelevati da pecore, capre e cammelli. I campioni sono stati prelevati in Marzo ed Aprile 2008. I risultati dei test Competitive-Elisa hanno evidenziato una sieroprevalenza nel 28,26% degli animali testati, benché durante la raccolta dei campioni nessun animale abbia presentato sintomi clinici riferibili alla PPR. Tra Gennaio e Maggio 2010, in seguito ad episodi di aumentata mortalità nella popolazione ovi-caprina presente nei Campi Profughi, le autorità veterinarie locali sospettarono un outbreak di PPR. Tra Maggio ed Ottobre 2010 è stato sviluppato un outbreak investigation nei Campi Profughi Saharawi con lo scopo di confermare la circolazione del PPRV. I risultati di laboratorio hanno confermato la presenza del virus nel 33,33% dei campioni. Il sequenziamento del genoma virale ha rivelato che il virus apparteneva al Lignaggio 4 e le analisi filogenetiche hanno indicato una stretta relazione (99.3%) con il PPRV isolato durante l'epidemia di PPR in Marocco del 2008.

Fremder Bruder: die Teilungssituation zwischen Süd- und Nordkorea im Spiegel des koreanischen Films seit dem Korea-Krieg

Als charakteristische Besonderheit in der koreanischen Geschichte besitzt der Korea-Krieg eine wichtige Position, so dass er bisher die gesamte Landesstruktur und -geschichte stark beeinflusst hat. Das gilt auch für die koreanische Filmgeschichte und nach dem Korea-Krieg im Jahr 1950 wurde in den Filmen das Thema „Landesteilung“ häufig aufgegriffen und bis heute oft behandelt.rnIn dieser Untersuchung werden solche Filme als Konflikt-Filme bezeichnet, die die Spaltung des Landes und die Beziehungen zu Nordkorea thematisieren, und insgesamt 60 Beispielfilme aus verschiedenen Filmgenres seit dem Ende des Korea-Kriegs bis zur Gegenwart analysiert und unter dem Aspekt beleuchtet, wie diese politischen und gesellschaftlichen Themen über das Verhältnis zwischen Süd- und Nordkorea repräsentiert werden. Mit Hilfe von Beispielfilmen wird versucht, herauszufinden, wie stark und unterschiedlich der Bruderkrieg und die davon abgeleitete Teilung des Landes in südkoreanischen Filmen im Wandel der Geschichte widergespiegelt werden. rnDiese Arbeit setzt sich zuerst mit Kracauers Spiegeltheorie, einer filmsoziologischen Theorie, und der Genretheorie als wichtigen theoretischen Überlegungen auseinander, um zu verdeutlichen, in welchem Bezug Konfliktfilme über die südkoreanische Gesellschaft angesehen werden und welche Rolle sie als Spiegel der Gesellschaft spielen, um gesellschaftliche Stimmungen, Bewusstseinsformen und Wünsche zu verdeutlichen. Dabei werden die kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen sowie filmwirtschaftlichen Aspekte berücksichtigt. rnDie vorliegende Arbeit bietet einen umfangreichen Überblick über den Konfliktfilm im südkoreanischen Kino seit dem Korea-Krieg. Die koreanischen Konflikt-Filme als regional-spezifische Filmkategorie stehen im engen Zusammenhang mit dieser politischen Situation und die Darstellung sowie Thematisierung Nordkoreas werden jeweils durch die verschiedenen Generationen der Filmemacher unterschiedlich präsentiert. Im südkoreanischen Diskurs bilden sie ein eigenes Genre, das alle klassischen und gemischten Filmgenres integriert; im Wandel der Geschichte haben sie sich dabei stetig weiterentwickelt, in engem Zusammenhang mit der Politik der verschiedenen Präsidenten Südkoreas gegenüber Nordkorea. rn

Palestinian Refugee Camps: from Shelter to Habitat

Palestinian refugees registered with UNRWA and their housing conditions are officially characterized by a “ temporary status” , a situation which has lasted the past sixty years. This article explores this time-paradox by focusing on the host governments’ and UNRWA’s policies affecting the refugees��� housing conditions. After having reviewed available literature, this contribution analyses the current housing situation. Drawing on data from a recent survey, the authors provide insights on areas where intervention is needed. In all UNRWA’s fields of operation, overcrowding, lack of public spaces, humidity and structural defects are the main sources of housing discomfort that camp refugees endure. Host countries’ restrictions as well as the incapacity or unwillingness of larger urban municipalities to incorporate refugee camps in their master plans are among the main obstacles to the refugees��� housing development. Rehabilitation and self-help re-housing programs may offer substantial incentives for housing improvement. The success of such programs depends, among several factors, on the host governments’ good will to provide UNRWA with authorizations, financial support, and land, as well as on the capacity of involving the refugee communities in projects’ planning and implementation.

Panel 3: Encounters of Perpetrators and Victims of Genocides

Panel 3: Encounters of Perpetrators and Victims of Genocides Lina Nikou, University of Hamburg, Germany: “Coming Back Home? Berlin Presents Itself to Refugees of the Nazi Regime Living Abroad” Download paper (login required) Michelle Bellino, Harvard University: “Whose Past, Whose Present? Historical Memory among the ‘Postwar’ Generation in Guatemala” Download paper (login required) Srdjan Radovic, Belgrade University/Institute of Ethnography SASA, Serbia: “Memory Culture, Politics of Place, and Social Actors in the Remembrance of Belgrade's World War II Camp” Download paper (login required) Chair: Michael Nolte and Michael Geheran, Clark University Comment: Omer Bartov, Brown University

Human Trafficking Victims and Their Children: Assessing Needs, Vulnerabilities, Strengths, and Survivorship

Given the increased awareness and attention to human trafficking, including the establishment of federal laws and policies, federally funded task forces that provide law enforcement responses, and specialized victim services, it is important to assess the impact of these procedures and services on survivors/victims of international human trafficking and their immigrant children. By federal definition, certified victims of international human trafficking are eligible for all services provided to refugees in this country, including reunification with their minor children. This research is based on a qualitative study conducted in Austin and Houston, Texas with human trafficking victims/survivors. The project’s goal was to gain an understanding of the needs of human trafficking survivors after their rescue, their overall integration into American life, and the subsequent needs of their immigrant children after reunification. The project objectives examined the factors that either promote or hinder self-sufficiency, the determination of social service needs, and policy and practice recommendations to strengthen survivors, their children and their families living both locally and abroad. For this project, nine (n = 9) in-depth interviews were conducted with adult foreign-born victims of human trafficking. Researchers gathered data using a semi-structured questionnaire that queried about factors that promote or hinder victims’ services and needs. Interviews were conducted in participants’ homes using bilingual research staff and/or trained interpreters, were digitally-recorded, and subsequently transcribed. Participation in this study was completely voluntary. Specific steps were taken to ensure that the participants’ identities were protected. Open coding of data was utilized and the data were subsequently organized or grouped into properties and later developed into contextual themes around the research questions. The findings are grounded with the use of direct quotes from participants. As a result of progressive U.S. policy, many victims of human trafficking are being reunited with their minor children. Immigrant children are one of the largest and fastest growing populations in the U.S. and for a variety of reasons are vulnerable to exploitation. Research also indicates that victims of trafficking are identified by traffickers because of their perceived “vulnerabilities” or lack of opportunities (Clark, 2003). Therefore, it is important that practices and policies are developed to address the unique needs of these families with an eye toward positive outcomes for parent and child safety and well-being. Social service providers are provided a toolkit that may be utilized before and during the reunification period.

Refugee Settlement in Australia: Policy, Scholarship and the Production of Knowledge, 1952 − 2013

Since 1947, Australia has formally resettled more than 750,000 refugees. During that time, researchers have successfully completed more than 150 Masters and doctoral theses and published more than 900 articles, books and reports about issues of refugee settlement in Australia, with about half of them being published in the past 10 years. In this paper, we discuss the development of the production of knowledge about refugee resettlement. We identify trends in the literature, such as the emergence of an ethno-specific focus, and the concern with settlement's psychological and emotional impact, and relate them to policy changes. We suggest that scholars need critically to take stock of the knowledge produced so far and be more cognisant of the international scholarly debate.

Adult Asylum Seekers from the Middle East Including Syria in Central Europe: What Are Their Health Care Problems?

Background Forced displacement related to persecution and violent conflict has reached a new peak in recent years. The primary aim of this study is to provide an initial overview of the acute and chronic health care problems of asylum seekers from the Middle East, with special emphasis on asylum seekers from Syria. Methods Our retrospective data analysis comprised adult patients presenting to our emergency department between 01.11.2011 and 30.06.2014 with the official resident status of an “asylum seeker” or “refugee” from the Middle East. Results In total, 880 patients were included in the study. Of these, 625 (71.0%) were male and 255 (29.0%) female. The median age was 34 (range 16–84). 222 (25.2%) of our patients were from Syria. The most common reason for presentation was surgical (381, 43.3%), followed by medical (321, 36.5%) and psychiatric (137, 15.6%). In patients with surgical presentations, trauma-related problems were most common (n = 196, 50.6%). Within the group of patients with medical presentation, acute infectious diseases were most common (n = 141, 43.9%), followed by neurological problems (n = 70, 21.8%) and gastrointestinal problems (n = 47, 14.6%). There were no differences between Syrian and non-Syrian refugees concerning surgical or medical admissions. The most common chronic disorder of unclear significance was chronic gastrointestinal problems (n = 132, 15%), followed by chronic musculoskeletal problems (n = 108, 12.3%) and chronic headaches (n = 78, 8.9%). Patients from Syria were significantly younger and more often suffered from a post-traumatic stress disorder than patients of other nationalities (p<0.0001, and p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusion Overall a remarkable number of our very young group of patients suffered from psychiatric disorders and unspecified somatic symptoms. Asylum seekers should be carefully evaluated when presenting to a medical facility and physicians should be aware of the high incidence of unspecified somatic symptoms in this patient population.In general, there is no major difference between asylum seekers from Syria when compared to other nationalities of asylum seekers from the Middle East.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 16 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Gerhart Jacoby Gordon (p. I 8, 202-379)

2 Briefe von A. Gandon an Max Horkheimer, Februrar 1936; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Lloyd K. Garrison, 25.03.1941; 4 Briefe zwischen Moritz Geiger und Max Horkheimer, 01.12.1935, 1935; 1 Lebenslauf von Alvin Johnsson an Friedrich Pollock; 1 Brief von Alvon Johnson an Friedrich Pollock, 39.09.1940; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Harald Genssler, 04.09.1949; 1 Brief von der George Washington University Washington an Max Horkheimer, 01.03.1939; 2 Briefe von Wolfgang Gerloff an Max Horkheimer, 1934, 1939; 2 Briefe zwsichen Hans Gerth und Max Horkheimer, 28.10.1937, 16.11.1937; 1 Brief von M. Getzer anMax Horkheimer, 04.05.1934; 12 Briefe zwsichen Edgar V. M. Gilbert und Max Horkheimer, 1935-1940; 1 Brief von der Gillespie, Kinsports & Bears Travel Agency New York an Max Horkheimer, 16.04.1935; 1 Entwurf von Max Horkheimer an Morris Ginsberg, Dezember 1935; 19 Briefe zwsichen Morris Ginsberg, Ethel Ginsberg und Max Horkheimer, 1935-1938; 2 Briefe zwischen Robert Morrison MacIver und Max Horkheimer, 18.08.1937, 16.08.1937; 1 Brief von H. Girsberger an Max Horkheimer, 17.08.1938; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Glass, 24.12.1940; 1 Brief von der Glidden Buick Corporation New York an Max Horkheimer, 05.06.1940; 1 Heiratsanzeige von Vera Gold; 4 Briefe zwischen Oskar Goldberg und Max Horkheimer, 1941, 27.08.1941; 10 Briefe zwischen Hans Goldmann und Max Horkheimer, 1934-1937; 14 Briefe zwischen Alfons Goldschmidt und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1938; 7 Briefe zwsichen dem Greater New York Coordinating Committee for German Refugees, New York und Max Horkheimer, 1937-1939; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Simon Guggenheim, 24.01.1938; 3 Briefe zwischen Aron Goldschmidt und Max Horkheimer, 02.02.1939, Mai 1942; 2 Briefe zwischen Berta Goldschmidt und Max Horkheimer, 14.01.1941, 25.02.1941; 4 Briefe von Emma Goldschmidt an Juliette Favez, 1938-1940; 5 Briefe zwischen Emma Goldschmidt und Max Horkheimer, 1938-1940; 2 Briefe zwischen Ernst L. Goldschmidt und Max Horkheimer, 08.07.1937, 18.06.1937; 1 Brief von Thea Goldschmidt an Max Horkheimer, 16.04.1935; 14 Briefe zwischen Kurt Goldstein und Max Horkheimer, 1934-1941; 19 Briefe zwsichen Gerhart Jacoby Gordon und Max Horkheimer, 1934-1937;