[L'Océan Occidentale, de la 1ère moitié du XVII siècle]

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Erdumrisskarte in flächentreuer Planisphäre

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Carte des régions polaires arctiques

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

General karta öfver Göta canalen föreslagen till sammanbindande af Wenern och Wettern med Östersjön på konungens allernådigste befallning utstakad under öfversten och riddaren frih.re von Platens inseende af Th. Telford 1808

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Nouvelle carte générale et détaillée de l'Europe offrant le tableau actuel, géographique, politique et commercial de tous ses états, leurs limites respectives, les fleuves, les rivières, les grandes chaînes des montaignes et les principales routes, les divisions et subdivisions de cette partie du monde, depuis le traité de Tilsit : dressées d'après les cartes particulières françaises et étrangères les plus détaillées, les plus nouvelles, les éstimées, avec des changements, des restificatios, et les positions assujéties aux observations astronomiques les plus récentes, déterminées par les académiciens et autres savants

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Carte hypsométrique de la partie occidentale de la Russie d'Europe et des régions limitrophes de l'Allemagne, de l'Autriche-Hongrie et de Roumanie

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Silicon-containing species in used lube oil re-refining

Nowadays, the re-refining of the used lube oils has gained worldwide a lot of attention due to the necessity for added environmental protection and increasingly stringent environmental legislation. One of the parameters determining the quality of the produced base oils is the composition of feedstock. Estimation of the chemical composition of the used oil collected from several European locations showed that the hydrocarbon structure of the motor oil is changed insignificantly during its operation and the major part of the changes is accounted for with depleted oil additives. In the lube oil re-refining industry silicon, coming mainly from antifoaming agents, is recognized to be a contaminant generating undesired solid deposits in various locations in the re-refining units. In this thesis, a particular attention was paid to the mechanism of solid product formation during the alkali treatment process of silicon-containing used lube oils. The transformations of a model siloxane, tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS), were studied in a batch reactor at industrially relevant alkali treatment conditions (low temperature, short reaction time) using different alkali agents. The reaction mechanism involving solid alkali metal silanolates was proposed. The experimental data obtained demonstrated that the solids were dominant products at low temperature and short reaction time. The liquid products in the low temperature reactions were represented mainly by linear siloxanes. The prolongation of reaction time resulted in reduction of solids, whereas both temperature and time increase led to dominance of cyclic products in the reaction mixture. Experiments with the varied reaction time demonstrated that the concentration of cyclic trimer being the dominant in the beginning of the reaction diminished with time, whereas the cyclic tetramer tended to increase. Experiments with lower sodium hydroxide concentration showed the same effect. In addition, a decrease of alkali agent concentration in the initial reaction mixture accelerated TMDS transformation reactions resulting in solely liquid cyclic siloxanes yields. Comparison of sodium and potassium hydroxides applied as an alkali agent demonstrated that potassium hydroxide was more efficient, since the activation energy in KOH presence was almost 2-fold lower than that for sodium hydroxide containing reaction mixture. Application of potassium hydroxide for TMDS transformation at 100° C with 3 hours reaction time resulted in 20 % decrease of solid yields compared to NaOH-containing mixture. Moreover, TMDS transformations in the presence of sodium silanolate applied as an alkali agent led to formation of only liquid products without formation of the undesired solids. On the basis of experimental data and the proposed reaction mechanism, a kinetic model was developed, which provided a satisfactory description of the experimental results. Suitability of the selected siloxane as a relevant model of industrial silicon-containing compounds was verified by investigation of the commercially available antifoam agent in base-catalyzed conditions.

La Carelie, et l'Ingrie, ou Ingermenland. Par le s.r Sanson geogr'. ord.re du roy.

[N. 1:875000].

Tečenïe Nepy [!] rěki iz" Ladožskago ozera k" St: Peterburgu. Fluvius Newa e lacu Ladoga Petropolin versus procurrens recens delineatus: jam vero ad exemplar Petropolitanum aeri incisus a Matthaeus Seutter, sac. caes. maj. geogr. Aug. Vind.

Perustuu Joseph Nicolas Delislen laatimaan ja Johann Elias Grimmelin kaivertamaan vastaavaan karttaan vuodelta 1741.

L-histidine provokes a state-dependent memory retrieval deficit in mice re-exposed to the elevated plus-maze

The effects of L-histidine (LH) on anxiety and memory retrieval were investigated in adult male Swiss Albino mice (weight 30-35 g) using the elevated plus-maze. The test was performed on two consecutive days: trial 1 (T1) and trial 2 (T2). In T1, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of saline (SAL) or LH before the test and were then injected again and retested 24 h later. LH had no effect on anxiety at the dose of 200 mg/kg since there was no difference between the SAL-SAL and LH-LH groups at T1 regarding open-arm entries (OAE) and open-arm time (OAT) (mean ± SEM; OAE: 4.0 ± 0.71, 4.80 ± 1.05; OAT: 40.55 ± 9.90, 51.55 ± 12.10, respectively; P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test), or at the dose of 500 mg/kg (OAE: 5.27 ± 0.73, 4.87 ± 0.66; OAT: 63.93 ± 11.72, 63.58 ± 10.22; P > 0.05, Fisher LSD test). At T2, LH-LH animals did not reduce open-arm activity (OAE and OAT) at the dose of 200 mg/kg (T1: 4.87 ± 0.66, T2: 5.47 ± 1.05; T1: 63.58 ± 10.22; T2: 49.01 ± 8.43 for OAE and OAT, respectively; P > 0.05, Wilcoxon test) or at the dose of 500 mg/kg (T1: 4.80 ± 1.60, T2: 4.70 ± 1.04; T1: 51.55 ± 12.10, T2: 43.88 ± 10.64 for OAE and OAT, respectively; P > 0.05, Fisher LSD test), showing an inability to evoke memory 24 h later. These data suggest that LH does not act on anxiety but does induce a state-dependent memory retrieval deficit in mice.

De aëre (1648)

Invokaatio: Cum Deo.

De motu projectilium in aëre

Dedikaatio: Augustinus Ehrensvärd.

Low-dose thioperamide injected into the cerebellar vermis of mice immediately after exposure to the elevated plus-maze impairs their avoidance behavior on re-exposure to the apparatus

The present study investigated the effect of thioperamide (THIO), an H3 histaminergic receptor antagonist, microinjected into the cerebellar vermis on emotional memory consolidation in male Swiss albino mice re-exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). We implanted a guide cannula into the cerebellar vermis using stereotactic surgery. On the third day after surgery, we performed behavioral tests for two consecutive days. On the first day (exposure), the mice (n=10/group) were exposed to the EPM and received THIO (0.06, 0.3, or 1.5 ng/0.1 µL) immediately after the end of the session. Twenty-four hours later, the mice were re-exposed to the EPM under the same experimental conditions, but without drug injection. A reduction in the exploration of the open arms upon re-exposure to the EPM (percentage of number of entries and time spent in open arms) compared with the initial exposure was used as an indicator of learning and memory. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Duncan post hoc test was used to analyze the data. Upon re-exposure, exploratory activity in the open arms was reduced in the control group, and with the two highest THIO doses: 0.3 and 1.5 ng/0.1 µL. No reduction was seen with the lowest THIO dose (0.06 ng/0.1 µL), indicating inhibition of the consolidation of emotional memory. None of the doses interfered with the animals' locomotor activity. We conclude that THIO at the lowest dose (0.06 ng/0.1 µL) microinjected into the cerebellum impaired emotional memory consolidation in mice.

Super beqarim i. e. pastoribus, seu re pastoritia veterum

Invokaatio: Adjuvante Deo!

De hordei in borealibus terris culti cito maturescendi habitu, et in re nostra rustica usu

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, A-C4 D2.